gladiolusfflowhistlestopncoe

ajugareptansvariegata2a3a

Flower. Photo from Nigel Coe

Form

Plant Name

Gladiolus 'Whistle Stop'

Classification Code 213 M 'WHISTLE STOP' (Bates) 8;--;26

which is a member of the Grandiflorus Group with Small-flowered Yellow (Light) bloom with a pale Rose blotch on a deeper Yellow throat during Mid-Season. Bred by Bates in 1998 in USA. It has buds on a single 26 inch flower spike with 8 florets which stay open together.

Used for Exhibiting.

From the Latin gladius ("sword"), the name used by Pliny, referring to the shape of the leaves.

Common Name

Gladiolus

Soil

Well-drained Sand or Chalk with Humus (Apply 4 inch (10 cms) deep mulch with mown autumn leaves and grass by each December, mix that mulch in with the top 9 inches (22.5 cms) of soil before replanting in April/May after last expected frost - further cultivation details in the Introduction Page). Can be planted in Clay using Dombrain's method to prevent rotting of the corm.

Sun Aspect

Full Sun

Soil Moisture

Moist

Plant Type

Herbaceous Corms

Height x Spread in inches (cms)
(1 inch = 2.5 cms,
12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms,
24 inches = 2 feet,
3 feet = 1 yard,
40 inches = 100 cms)

26 x (65 x )

Foliage

Dark Green

Flower Colour - Classification Colour - in Month(s). Seed

Creamy light - Yellow (Light) 12 with a pale Rose blotch on a deeper Yellow throat in August. See explaination of when this gladiolus flowers between 85-90 days from planting.

Comment

"WHISTLE STOP (Bates '98) (213) 80 days
Very formal growing creamy light with a pale rose blotch on a deeper yellow throat. Opens 8 lightly ruffled florets on a flowerhead of 26". Won grand champ for us at our show in 1999. Great for show and cutflower. L or M" from Pleasant Valley Glads & Dahlias in USA.

"Florence Nightingale classified 472ML usually flowers in September from a May planting. The flower will actually open all of its florets but those at the base need to be removed as they die; otherwise they may start to set seed pods which will take energy from the florets higher up. Usually, its about 14 days from the first floret opening to when the last is out." from Nigel Coe.

In temperate zones, the corms of most species and hybrids should be lifted 4-6 weeks after flowering and stored over winter in a well-ventilated, warm place where the temperature is in 50 degrees Fahrenheit range, then replanted after the deciduous trees are well into leaf in the late Spring. Set corms at 6 inches (15 cms) deep and 6 inches (15 cms) apart.
Can be planted anytime of the year as long as frost is not likely, allowing several crops or seasons of flowers to be had by successive plantings. Flower in about 80-90 days.
Some species from Europe and high altitudes in Africa, as well as the small 'Nanus' hybrids, are much hardier (to at least -15°F/-26°C) and can be left in the ground in regions with sufficiently dry winters.
Plants are propagated either from small cormlets produced as offsets by the parent corms, or from seed; in either case, they take several years to get to flowering size.
Clumps should be dug up and divided every few years to keep them vigorous.

Striking accent plant among summer-flowering annuals and usefull addition to perennial borders. Very good container plants, but take care when selecting container as plants can become quite top heavy when in full bloom. Cut flowers will last long time in floral arrangements; cut as soon as first buds show colour with own foliage acting as complement to flowers. Cut or remove the flower stalk just below the first leaf so the remaining 2 or 3 leaves can replenish the corm for next season’s blooms.

"150 grammes/litre of Salicylic Acid treatment creates the most effective delay of petal senescence on vase life of cut gladiolus flowers" from African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(4), pp. 540-545, 26 January, 2012. Gladioli wet packed with sucrose increases floret display and vase life during storage and transportation of cut flowers - See Gladiolus 'Sylvia'.

"Transplanting Gladiolus
This section is created keeping in mind all those people who want to know how to transplant gladiolus in the right manner. People who have gladiolus at home must have noticed that this plant starts flowering by mid-summer and continues to bloom till frost appears in the winter months. Transplanting involves shifting of a plant from one place to the other. A gladiolus can be transplanted by relocating the corm to a relatively suitable place in a stepwise manner.

• Step 1: Identify a place in your garden which receives a lot of sunlight and is well-drained to meet the requirements of the plant.

• Step 2: A sufficient amount of mulch in the soil is necessary to keep the weeds away and maintain moisture content in the soil. So, place a layer of mulch on top of the soil where gladiolus will be transplanted.

• Step 3: To prepare the corms or gladiolus bulbs for transplantation, place them in a shallow dish containing water filled up to a quarter-inch (6 mm) of the dish.

• Step 4: Keep this dish in a place which receives adequate filtered sunlight which will trigger the corm to start germinating.

• Step 5: When the germinating tip is about 5 inches (12.5 cms) long, it's time to transplant the corms in the soil. Dig holes about 8 inches (20 cms) deep and place a corm gently in the hole. Make sure to keep the growing tip upwards to facilitate further growth and cover the corm completely with soil.

• Step 6: If the growing tip is less than 5 inches (12.5 cms), bury it completely within the soil but take care to cause no harm to the tip. If many corms are to be transplanted, place each of them 5 inches (12.5 cms) apart so that each one of them gets sufficient area for growth and there is no quest for nutrients and growing space.

• Step 7: After all the corms are transplanted, water the area sufficiently so as to maintain a well-drained soil. Regular watering of the corms and adequate sunlight will help the corms to grow into plants capable of producing beautiful, vibrant flowers.

With the arrival of winter, the flowers of gladiolus plant begin to dry out and shed off. If you want to keep the plant in safe custody over the winter months, wait until all the flowers have dried out. With the help of a trowel, dig out the corms from the soil. Remove excess soil from the corms and place them in a paper bag. Secure this bag in a cool and dry place during the winter months, so as to keep the corms safely for re-transplanting during spring. With the arrival of spring, use the method given above to transplant the corms back to the soil so that they can bloom again." from Buzzle.com.

"GLADIOLUS CAN GET BUGGED  

gladiolusthriphoffman1

Thrips are one of the most damaging insects to glads, especially in the summer. Look for silvery flecks on the foliage and silver or brown blemishes on the flowers and buds. You may also see their black droppings on the leaves.

These tiny (less than 1/20th of an inch - about 1 mm - long) creatures scrape away the plant tissue, suck the juice and lay their eggs inside. Control thrips with a blast of water from the hose or insecticidal soap. Healthy plants can outgrow thrip damage." from Fred Hoffman in the USA.

Available from Pleasant Valley Glads & Dahlias in USA

gladiolusffloswhistlestopncoe

Flowers. Photo from Nigel Coe


 

The 10,000 cultivars are classified into 3 major groups: they are Nanus, Primulinus and Grandiflorus.

• Hybrids and cultivars in the group of Nanus bloom in early summer with two/three 22 to 35 cm spikes per corm, the spike each bearing 3 to 5 open flowers at a time.

• Those in the group of Primulinus bloom in midsummer with a single very slender 30 to 60 cm stem per corm, the stem bears 20 buds with up to 7 open at a time.

• Cultivars and hybrids from the Grandiflorus group bloom from late spring through autumn with as many as 28 buds on (usually) a single spike of usually 35 to 90 cm tall, dozen of flowers may be open at a time. Gladioli of the Grandiflorus group are classified further by flower size and color in an elaborate trinomial system, with first digit indicating size, the second indicating color and the third intensity of color. The largest Grandiflorus cultivars can get up to 1.7 metre tall, while some miniatures do not reach 90 cm in height.

From the British Gladiolus Society:-

"ALL ABOUT CLASSIFICATION OF GLADIOLUS.

For anyone interested in the Gladiolus, and particularly for those of you interested in attending and competing in Gladiolus classes in shows, you should try and acquaint yourself with the world-wide classification codes. All codes consist of 3 digits, the first of which specifies the diameter of the fully developed bottom floret of the spike, thus:-

 

1st digit of Code

Description

Width of bottom floret (inches)

x

Not usually known for non-exhibition Gladioli

Unknown

1

Miniature

Less than 2.5 Inches

2

Small

2.5-3.5 inches

3

Medium

3.5-4.5 inches

4

Large

4.5-5.5 inches

5

Giant

Over 5.5 inches

 

The second digit denotes colour (i.e. green, yellow, orange etc, 0-9) and the third digit denotes the "strength" or hue of that colour. Second digits may be (0) = Pale, (2) = Light, (4) = Medium, (6) = Deep and (8) = Very Deep. Notice that the third digits are all even numbers: even numbers indicate that the colour is without any conspicuous markings present, whereas by increasing the number by 1 to make it an odd number signifies that conspicuous markings are present. For example, Doris Darling 442 is a large flowered pale Pink bloom without distinctive markings whereas Pink Elegance 443 is a large flowered pale pink with a distinctive mark, in this case a white throat. The table below indicates how the second and third digits in the classification are used.

So to summarize, all you need to do to become reasonably proficient at recognising Gladiolus codes is to learn the floret width codes (1-5, narrowest to widest) denoted by the first digit (see table above), and below, the second digit COLOUR codes (0-9) and the third digit COLOUR STRENGTH code (0-8). Don't forget that if the third code digit is an odd number it means that the floret has distinctive markings.

2nd and 3rd digits of code

Colour and Hue

2nd and 3rd digits of code

Colour and Hue

00

White (Pale)

56

Red (Deep) ****

02

Green (Pale)

58

Black (Red)

04

Green (Medium)

60

Rose (Pale)

10

Yellow (Pale)*

62

(Rose (Light)

12

Yellow (Light)

64

(Rose (Medium)

14

Yellow (Medium)

66

Rose (Deep)

16

Yellow (Deep)

68

Black (Rose)

20

Orange (Pale) **

70

Lavender (Pale)

22

Orange (Light)

72

Lavender (Light)

24

Orange (Medium)

74

Lavender (Medium)

26

Orange (Deep)

76

Lavender (Deep)

30

Salmon (Pale)

78

Purple

32

Salmon (Light)

82

Violet (Pale Blue)

34

Salmon (Medium)

84

Violet (Medium Blue)

36

Salmon (Deep) ***

86

Violet (Deep Blue)

40

Pink (Pale)

90

Smokies (Pale Tan)

42

Pink (Light)

92

(Smokies (Light)

44

Pink (Medium)

94

Smokies (Medium)

46

Pink (Deep)

96

Smokies (Dark)

50

Red (Pale)

98

Brown

Asterisks indicate the inclusion of the following colours:- (Medium)**** *Cream **Buff ***Orange Scarlet ****Red Scarlet - 54

This can be followed by:-

  • E for Early-Flowering,
  • M for Mid-Flowering and/or
  • L for Late-Flowering Season.

For Gladiolus in The British Gladiolus Classification System, the following applies:-
"As far as the early, mid and late season bit goes it refers to an average flowering time and is very dependent on the weather and location rather than the flowering months and for the ones we are talking about ie Exhibition types we would not really be wanting blooms before the end of July so the timings below are based on planting made from April through to early June:-

Term of Blooming

Notation

Term of blooming, days

very early

VE

Under 70 days

early

E

71-79 days

early middle

EM

80-84 days

middle

M

85-90 days

late middle

LM

91-99 days

late

L

100 days or more

Usually the number of days above from a May planting in the ground the flower will actually open all of its florets but those at the base need to be removed as they die otherwise they may start to set seed pods which will take energy from the florets higher up. Usually its about 14 days from the first floret opening to when the last is out on that flower spike" from Nigel Coe.

For Gladiolus in The North American Gladiolus Council Classification System and in Russia, the following applies:-

Term of Blooming

Notation

Term of blooming, days

very early

VE

66-70 days

early

E

71-74 days

early middle

EM

75-79 days

middle

M

80-84 days

late middle

LM

85-90 days

late

L

91-100 days

very late

VL

after 100 days

from Irina of The First Acquaintance in Russia.

 

The corms can be started earlier in peat pots in frost-free conditions in a greenhouse before planting outside after the last Spring frost, if you want flowering earlier in the year.

After this the Breeders Name and Year of Introduction, and three numbers (e.g. 8;23;30):-

  • which refer to the number of florets which will stay open together (8),
  • the number of buds (23) and
  • the length of the flower spike in inches (30). This information is only given for exhibition varieties.

Instead of the Fieldheight, which is the normal height used in comparison pages for all other plants, all the Gladioli are compared throughout all the comparison galleries using their Flowerhead size.

Cultivation details are provided in the The British Gladiolus growing page."

and the North Dakota State University with the U.S. Department of Agriculture article.

How to grow Gladioli from article in The Telegraph 15 February 2008 by Sarah Raven:-

"All gladioli are easy to grow. As soon as the soil has warmed up in March or April, plant the corms 20cm (8in) deep; this is deeper than most books will tell you. I use a bulb planter but a long trowel or leek dibber will do. Secured deep in the ground, you are less likely to need a stake. Plant them about 15cm (6in) apart.

If you have bought quite a few, don't plant them all at once. Stagger their planting and you will get a better succession of flowers.

Gladioli need plenty of water to flower well. So, if you can, dig a trench and pile well-rotted manure into the base before planting. This will help feed the bulbs and will also retain water. On well-drained poorer soil, extra watering will be required.

As soon as the flowers appear and until at least three weeks after flowering, apply a high-potash feed (like Tomarite or comfrey juice) every two weeks.

This is essential on poorer soils where flowering will diminish with each successive season.

It's always said you need to lift your gladioli - that, like dahlias, they'll be frosted if left in the ground. It's my fourth year of growing them at Perch Hill and I've never lifted them. I mulch them deeply with 6-7cm (2.5in) of mushroom compost to give them an insulating duvet over their heads in late autumn. You should be safe with this in the south of England and the western fringes of the British Isles, but in colder counties, grow them in a sheltered spot and lift them for the winter when the leaves turn yellow-brown. Lift them and snap the corms from the stems. Dust with sulphur and dry them out for a couple of weeks. Then snap the new corms from the old, discarding the old. The new must be kept dry and cold (but frost-free) until they are replanted.

You can dig and divide the clumps every few years to select the best corms for replanting. Without this, the new cormlets forming will invade the space of the original corm and the nutrients will have to be shared. The risk is lots of foliage and no flower spikes."

Plant Combinations:-

The Extension Bulletin 9 December, 1916 Cornell Extension Bulletin Published by the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Gladiolus Studies - I Botany, History and Evolution of the Gladiolus states:-

"Unless used in masses, the plants are likely to appear rather spindling; but when properly planted, the bed of gladioli is one of the most showy features of summer or autumn.

The beds so used need not be for gladioi exclusively, but may have some annuals or perennials growing with them. Good combinations result from planting early in the spring a bed of white Phlox Drummondii, and later using the gladiolus 'America' between the plants; or pink phlox and the gladiolus 'Rochester White' may be combined. Especially effective is the combination of gladiolus with the summer hyacinth - Galtonia hyacinthiis candicans, the tall spikes of white bloom and the bold foliage of the latter seeming especially harmonious. No better combination is available than that which results from the planting of some corms among irises, which have leaves in perfect harmony with the gladiolus and which bloom in a widely separated season.

The stately spikes are attractive when used in large clumps of one variety among shrubbery. Care must be taken not to place the plants within the detrimental influence of large tree roots or in too much shade.

Gardeners frequently start certain good varieties in boxes or pots, and, when in full growth, transplant them in clumps to places in the border where a bit of color is needed after some other plants have failed.

Miss Andres advocates combining columbines, petunias, and gladioli, not only because of their colors, but also, and mainly, for the excellent succession of bloom provided.

Bold masses of Gladiolus primulinus hybrids are extremely effective, since their various colors blend so well. 'Blue Jay' and 'Baron Joseph Hulot' are violet and blue varieties which harmonize well with yellow varieties, such as 'Golden King' or 'Sulphur King'.

Excellent combinations have been made with roses and gladioli. The June-flowering roses are best for this purpose, since they are entirely out of season when the gladiolus is at its best."

The Extension Bulletin 9 December, 1916 Cornell Extension Bulletin Published by the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York Gladiolus Studies - I Botany, History and Evolution of the Gladiolus states:-

DEPTH OF PLANTING DIFFERS WITH THE SOIL TYPE
"The depth of planting will obviously differ with the soil. The lighter the soil, the deeper the corms may be planted. Deep planting is especially successful in dry seasons, because the roots are in cool, moist soil. Usually, with deep planting, staking will be unnecessary. There is danger in deep planting in a heavy, moisture-holding soil. The soil may be too wet and may cause a rotting of the young shoots as well as the corms. If the soil is too clayey the shoots may not have strength enough to emerge, or they may be twisted, and thus made unable to produce a good, strong spike.

It is seen that many of the growers consulted prefer a sandy loam.

E. H. Cushman says that the gladiolus does equally well on any soil, if given the proper culture. The commercial grower, however, who must produce stock at a profit, will choose soil as nearly ideal as possible — in other words, a light loam.

 

FERTILIZERS AND THEIR USE
Fertilizers applied to plants are valuable in proportion to the amount of the needed plant-food that is available. Only such nutriment as is soluble can be taken into the plant, and therefore much food is locked up, or unavailable. Some fertilizers are applied for their value in unlocking, or freeing, plant-food, rather than for their actual fertilizer value.

The production of gladiolus corms is very analagous to the production of a crop of potatoes. A good standard special potato fertilizer is therefore recommended. Such a fertilizer will be rich in phosphoric acid and potash. The gladiolus is a rank grower and a gross feeder, and responds to any treatment that increases the available plant-food. Either manures or chemicals may be applied as a fertilizer, both of which are valuable in their way. The first kind, stable manure, is of prime importance, but each year it is getting more difficult to obtain this. When possible it is well to use cow, pig, sheep, or poultry manure, rather than that from the horse. It must be borne in mind that sheep manure and poultry manure are especially strong and cannot be applied too abundantly without danger of causing too great vegetative growth, watery corms, or perhaps even a burning of the whole plant. It is thought that the gladiolus is very susceptible to the presence of any manure in contact with its roots. All manure, then, should be thoroughly incorporated with the soil, rather than left in lumps. This is best accomplished by application in the autumn.

All humus-making material produces acidity when rotting in the soil. This can be easily overcome, or neutralized, by the use of lime. B. C. Auten is emphatic in his denunciation of lime. He writes: " Two years' planting upon ground limestone nearly put me out of business." Cooper (1914 c) believes that it will be necessary to use lime "rather freely where heavy applications of stable manure are made or where green manure crops are plowed under, to prevent possible excessive acidity and fungoid or scab diseases."

A method of soil treatment and enrichment is outlined by W. P. Wright substantially as follows in Popular Garden Flowers: In autumn remove the top soil and break up the subsoil, turning in a dressing of three inches of decayed manure. If the ground is very stiff, leaf mold and sand may be added. Leave the surface lumpy. In February, spread on a coat of wood ashes, with an additional quantity of bone flour, at the rate of three ounces per square yard, and fork it in. This operation will simultaneously reduce the lumps to small particles.

H. H. Groff has used the same land for fifteen years, and the only fertilizer he has needed is stable manure and hardwood ashes applied in the autumn before plowing. Hardwood ashes are rich in potash and phosphoric acid as well as in calcium.

B. C. Auten prefers dried blood and steamed bone, with a top-dressing of nitrate of soda and potassium sulfate or muriate. The fertilizer is applied in the seed drill at the bottom of the furrow. Steamed bone and bone meal are to be strongly advocated, since they possess the necessary phosphoric acid and potash.

N. L. Crawford has used an application of five hundred pounds of potassium sulfate per acre at the time of planting, and from three to five hundred pounds more in July or August.

L. M. Gage applies barnyard manure in the fall, and a complete potato fertilizer (4-7-10) in the drills at the time of planting.

S. E. Spencer places a little sheep manure in the furrow at the time of planting, and works a chemical phosphate into the soil when the buds start.

C. W. Brown has used seven cords of manure per acre in the late fall, plowing it under at once to kill the witch grass.

C. Hoeg distributes hardwood ashes at planting, and nitrate of soda two or three times during the growing season.

W. C. Bull, of Ramsgate, England, uses " stable dung dug in during the winter, and superphosphate of lime at the rate of a double handful per square yard, dusted over the surface of the soil immediately after planting."

J. L. Moore uses hen manure and stable manure once in three years. Besides this, he sows a cover crop of rye after the bulbs are dug, and plows under the green growth in the spring.

C. Betscher also seeds rye at the time of the last cultivation, the earlier the better. This he would, no doubt, plow under when in greatest growth and full of sap, for the green crop should not be allowed to get woody, thereby losing its greatest value as a humus maker.

F. C. Thomanh has used, besides sheep manure and hardwood ashes, a great deal of soot. It seems impossible to account for the freedom from disease of his 'Rochester White' gladioli in any other way than by the probability that the soot prohibits the spread of the infection.

Coleman (1914 b) writes: "We make our own fertilizer, so do not have to pay freight on ' filler.' A formula that has given us the best of satisfaction and that the Glads respond to, is represented by 50 per cent sulphate of potash, 25 per cent sulphate of ammonia and 25 per cent nitrate of soda, by weight." This is applied sparingly along the top of the row at planting.

 

TIME AND MANNER OF PLANTING
In the Northern States of America gladiolus corms may be planted in April or May, according to the season, or they may be kept until July if they do not sprout in their place of storage. They should not be planted until the danger of hard frosts is passed, although a slight frost when the shoots are still below the surface of the soil will not injure them. It is necessary to wait until the soil is somewhat dried, especially with clay soil. A corm naturally begins sending out shoots at the approach of spring, so that if the storage conditions are rather warm the corms must be planted before these growing shoots have exhausted their resources. They must be planted so as to allow the shoots to emerge readily from the soil. The shoots often grow around the corm and are difficult to manage, so that the corms need to be planted properly.

When possible a succession of bloom should be planned, the corms being planted in lots every week or ten days until July. In this way an excellent yield of blooms from a favorite variety may be obtained throughout the season.

Corms that are to be grown for rapid increase in size should be planted as early as possible, so that they may have a longer growing period and make good vegetative growth as well as mature a large corm. Seeds and cormels also need to be planted as early as possible, so that they too may have a long growing season. Soon after the base of the growing stem of the gladiolus has begun to thicken, small corms are found to have formed between the old and the new corm. These are properly called cormels. They are covered with a hard shell, thus differing from seedling gladioli of the same size, which have a covering more like a husk, composed of the dried bases of the previous season's leaves. To keep up the standard of the stock and for rapid propagation, reproduction by cormels is essential. Cormels range from one-sixteenth to three-fourths inch in diameter, and will produce corms of blooming size in a year less time than will seeds. According to the variety, thev flower in from one to four years. A single corm has been known to produce as many as two hundred cormels in a season.

Dombrain (1873) describes a method of planting individual corms for the home garden. With a trowel he digs a hole six or seven inches deep and about five inches across, and fills this hole " with a mixture of sand, powdered charcoal, and light soil in about equal proportions, so that the bulb, when it begins to start and throw out its rootlets, has a light and dry material into which to penetrate, and thus is likely to be saved from rotting, and taking care that the top of the bulb is about four inches beneath the surface." This method, although slow and laborious, might be adaptable in the planting of choice seedlings. Usually, however, for small beds the corms may be planted with a dibber, or the bed may be dug out evenly from a depth of from six to eight inches and the corms put in place and covered evenly.

The commonest commercial method is to plant in rows, the corms being placed a little more than their own diameter apart ; that is, two-inch corms are placed two and one-half or three inches apart. All bulbs over an inch in diameter are placed right side up; others are merely sown in the row as seed. B. F. White recommends setting the corms with the eyes lengthwise of the row. Many of the corms send up two or three flower stems, which will not lean over crosswise of the row as they would if the corms were planted promiscuously, for in the way suggested they help to support one another.

In large plantings the rows are frequently three feet apart. This allows for horse cultivation. The furrows are made with the plow. The fertilizer may be applied at the bottom of the furrow, which is leveled with a hand hoe. Two or three rows of corms are frequently placed in each furrow by bulb growers, since they do about as well as if planted otherwise, and, as Gage suggests, " it is surely much more economical to plant 100,000 bulbs on one acre than the same number using two acres or more."

When planted in single rows, however, the blooms usually become larger, so that for cut-flower or exhibition purposes this method is the better. "

"Immediately on receiving your parcel please open and unpack it. Strip off the outer skin and space the corms out with the buds uppermost. Put them in a clean container such as a seed tray, without any sand or compost under them, and store them uncovered in a cool, dry, frost-free place. Leave them there until you want to break their dormancy as described below.

All corms should be prepared before planting as many will still be dormant when received. The process is similar to chitting potatoes. Peel the outside skin from the corms and stand them somewhere light and warm indoors, e.g. a sunny window-sill. Do not stand them in sand, peat or soil. After a week or two, one or more shoots will emerge around the edge of the basal plate on the bottom of the corm. The corm has now broken dormancy and will grow away successfully. Planting dormant, un-peeled corms may lead to poor, late, or no growth, as will repeated plantings on the same ground and not lifting corms for winter storage. " from Great Western Gladiolus.

 

Great Western Gladiolus have the following growing guides and Information Sheets:-

"3rd Edition Growing & Showing 7 Part Guide
These notes tell you all you ever wanted to know about growing gladioli well. Even if you don’t exhibit them, you will have much better flowers if you follow these suggestions.

 

INFORMATION SHEETS
Hybrid Gladioli from Seed
Hybrid Gladioli from Cormlets
Keeping Glads through the Winter
Planting Dates "

Direct access to an individual bulb description page is available:-

  • from the list of pages in the Site Map, or
  • from clicking on a thumbnail picture in the flower, foliage, form, fruit or garden pictures comparison pages, which has that bulb's name in the text box below it.

These gallery photographs were provided by North American Gladiolus Council.


 

GLADIOLUS EUROPEAN N-Z CORM GALLERY PAGES
Site Map of pages with content (o)

Introduction

FLORET DIAMETER
(o)1 Miniature <2.5"
(o)2 Small 2.5-3.5"
(o)3 Medium 3.5-4.5"
(o)4 Large 4.5-5.5"
(o)5 Giant >5.5"

FLOWERING SEASON
(o)VE Very Early
(o)E Early
(o)EM Early Mid
(o)M Mid
(o)LM Late Mid
(o)L Late
VL Very Late

FOLIAGE COLOUR
(o)Green
Other Colour

CULTIVAR GROUP
(o)Nanus
(o)Primulinus
(o)American Grandiflorus
(o)European Grandiflorus
(o)From Russia

SEED/CORM COLOUR
Corm

BED PICTURES
Garden

 

 

Website Structure Explanation and User Guidelines

Click on Number in the Flower Colour Wheel below to link to that Gladiolus Flower Colour Page

gladiolicolourwheel1a1a

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

See Introduction Page for Colour Classification Code details.

00 is White (Pale)


More detailed information about ALL these gladioli on the
BULB INDEX G PAGE FOR GLADIOLUS.
 

Gladiolus in Gladiolus Bulb European A-E, F-M, N-Z Galleries for those classified by The British Gladiolus Society, or Non-Classified Gallery.

Nigel Coe from the British Gladioli Society has kindly let me use his photos. If a mail-order nursery from the UK is prepared to donate the use of their photos of the flower, foliage, overall plant, corm, flower arrangement, floret or award photo of any of their mail-order gladioli to this website, then more information can be provided with the existing gladioli from Europe and new ones added and compared. There are more than 600 Classified Code Gladioli in the list from the British Gladiolus Society and over 2500 in the classified list from the North American Gladiolus Council. This gallery and the other Gladioli galleries in this website were set up to detail and compare all those Gladioli.
No nursery from the UK, America, India or Australia has donated their photos from January 2012 to July 2015. I apologise that unlike the clothing industry who display their wares, that nurseries seem to only want to grow and not to inform the public about their plants for sale.
 

 

7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below in BULB, CORM, RHIZOME and TUBER GALLERY.

Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month.
 

colormonthbulb9a1a1a1

Besides the above Bulb Flower Colour Comparison Pages, you also have the following Comparison Pages:-
...Bulb Flower Shape -
7 pages of Number of Petals ...... 5 petals,
23 pages of Flower Shape ......... Stars and
7 pages of Natural Arrangements Drumstick

...Bulb Form
-
7 pages of Bulb Form ...Clump-forming
...Bulb Use
-
33 pages of Bulb Use ...Mass Planting,
Groundcover,
Grow in Patio Pot and
Use in Coastal Conditions
...Bulb Preferred Soil

5 pages of Soil preferred by Bulb ...Chalk

Gladiolus INDEX link to Corm Description Page

Flower Colour

is the Second
- Colour Code (0-9) -
and third digit
- Colour Strength (0-8)
-
of 3 digit code
and
in the Colour Wheel above
and
on the right

Flowering Months

Blue back-ground if I have found a current mail-order supplier in October 2015

FLORET DIAMETER -
Diameter of the fully developed bottom floret of the spike

1st digit of 3 digit code

Description

Width of bottom floret
 

Notation for Gladioli in UK Classification System following 3 digit code in the Flower Colour Column

Term of Blooming

Notation

Term of blooming, days

very early

VE

Under 70 days

early

E

71-79 days

early middle

EM

80-84 days

middle

M

85-90 days

late middle

LM

91-99 days

late

L

100 days or more

Notation for Gladioli in USA Classification System following 3 digit code in the Flower Colour Column
 

Term of Blooming

Notation

Term of blooming, days

very early

VE

66-70 days

early

E

71-74 days

early middle

EM

75-79 days

middle

M

80-84 days

late middle

LM

85-90 days

late

L

91-100 days

very late

VL

after 100 days


 

x

1

2

3

4

5

Not usually known for non-exhibition Gladioli

Miniature

Small

Medium

Large

Giant

Unknown Width

Less than 2.5 inches (6.25 cms)

2.5-3.5 inches (6.25- 8.75 cms)

3.5-4.5 inches (8.75- 11.25 cms)

4.5-5.5 inches (11.25- 13.75 cms)

Over 5.5 inches (13.75 cms)

Gladiolus 'Amster-dam'

White (Pale) - 500 EM

June, July, August

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloamsterdamrvroger1a1a1

Gladiolus 'Atom'

Bright Red edged
Silver -
254 EM

May,
June

 

 

gladioluscflo1atomrvroger1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Ben Venuto'

Pink (Medium) - 444 EM

June, July, August

.....

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflobenvenutorvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus callianthus
'Murielae'

Ivory White with Purpley-Brown centre

August, September

gladioluscflocallianthusmurielaervroger1a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus carneus

Light Pink with dark
Pink Spots

May, June

gladioluscflocarneusrvroger1a1a

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Carthago'

Orange-Scarlet -
456 M

June, July, August
Poland

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflo1carthagorvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Charming Beauty'

Rose-Pink

June, July,
August

gladioluscflocharmingbeautyrvroger1a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Charming Lady'

Purple-Pink

June, July, August,
September, October

gladioluscflocharmingladyrvroger1a1a

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Cherry Berry'

Red (Pale) - 253 M

August

 

 

gladioluscflocherryberryncoe1a1a

 

 

Gladiolus colvillei
'Albus'

White

June, July

gladioluscflocolvilleialbusrvroger1a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Cream
of the Crop
'

Yellow (Pale) - 310 M

August

 

 

 

gladioluscflocreamofthecropncoe1a1a

 

 

Gladiolus 'Deciso'

Pink with Red blotch - 443 M

June

Australia

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflodecisorvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Ed's Conquest'

Red (Pale) - 253 M

August

 

 

gladioluscfloedsconquestncoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Elvira'

Pink with Red blotches

July, August America

gladioluscfloelvirarvroger1a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Espresso'

Red-Brown - 398 E

June, July,
August, September

 

 

 

gladioluscfloespressorvroger1a1a

 

 

Gladiolus 'Eurovision'

Vermilion Red, White vain -
456 M

August

Australia

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloeurovisionrvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Evergreen'

Green (Medium) -
404 M

June, July, August

Holland

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloevergreenrvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Flevo Smile'

Yellow (Medium) -
215 M

July, August

 

 

gladioluscfloflevosmilencoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Florence
Nightingale
'

Lavender (Light) -
472 LM

September

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloflorencenightingalencoe1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Friendship'

Pink with Yellow throat - 445 E

July

America

 

 

 

 

gladiolusfflofriendshiprvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Golden
Melody
'

Yellow (Light) - 312 M

August

 

 

 

gladioluscflogoldenmelodyncoe1a1a

 

 

Gladiolus 'Goldfield'

Golden-Yellow - 416 LM

September, October

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflogoldfieldrvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Grand
Finale
'

Salmon-Pink with White throat - 445 M

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflograndfinalencoe1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Her Majesty'

Sky-Blue - 482 LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflohermajestyrvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Hotline'

Rose (Deep) - 267 EM

August

 

 

gladioluscflohotlinencoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Huron Fox'

Red (Deep) - 256 M

August

 

 

gladioluscflohuronfoxncoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Huron Jewel'

Red with White Arrows - 356 M

August

 

 

 

gladioluscflohuronjewelncoe1a1a

 

 

Gladiolus 'Impress-ive'

Pale Pink with deep pink markings

May, June, July, August, September

gladioluscfloimpressivervroger1a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Jayvee'

Yellow (Medium) -
214 E

July

 

 

gladioluscflojayveencoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Jessica'

Salmon-Pink -
424 E

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflojessicarvroger1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Karen 'P' '

Scarlet-Red - 253 M

August

 

 

gladioluscflokarenpncoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Lady Elenore'

Orange - 224 M

August

 

 

gladioluscfloladyelenorencoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Little Jude'

Rose flecked with Gold - 263 M

July, August,
September

 

 

gladioluscflolittlejudencoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Marina'

Gladiolus 'Marj 'S' '

Soft Toffee-Brown - 294 M
Pale Pink with White centre - 441 M

August


August

 

 

gladioluscflomarinancoe1a1a

 

 

gladioluscflomarjncoe1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Mirella'

Orangey-Red -
x66

July, August

gladioluscflomirellarvroger1a1a

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Mr Chris'

Lavender - 271 EM

August

 

 

gladioluscflomrchrisncoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Perth Pearl'

Creamy-White -
310 M

August

 

 

 

gladioluscfloperthpearlncoe1a1a

 

 

Gladiolus 'Pink
Elegance
'

Pink with White
throat - 443 LM

September

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopinkelegancencoe1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Pinnacle'

Lavender - 470 M

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopinnaclencoe1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Plaisir'

Salmon - 433 EM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloplaisirncoe1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Prins Claus'

White with Dark Pink markings - x01

June, July, August

gladioluscfloprinsclausrvroger1a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Raymond
'C' '

Lavender-rose with Cerise blotch - 463 EM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloraymondcncoe1a1a

 

Gladiolus 'Rose Elf'

Rose -
263 M

August

 

 

gladioluscfloroseelfncoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Ruth Ann'

White -
200 M

August

 

 

gladioluscfloruthannncoe1a1a1

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Slick Chick'

Salmon-Orange - 225 M

August

 

 

gladioluscfloslickchickncoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Tesoro'

Yellow - 314 M

July, August

 

 

 

gladioluscflotesoroncoe1a1a

 

 

Gladiolus 'Tristis'

Soft Yellow, striped
darker Yellow or Green

May, June, or October, November, December

 

 

gladioluscflotristisrvroger1a1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus 'Whistle
Stop
'

Cream with Rose blotch on Yellow throat - 213 M

August

 

 

gladioluscflowhistlestopncoe1a1a

 

 

 

Gladiolus in Autumn Bulb Gallery

Gladiolus communis
subsp. byzantinus

Deep Magenta -
x56

June, July

America
UK

gladioluscommunisbyzantinusflot9a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus papilio
'Butterfly'

Red and Yellow -
x25

July, August

UK

gladiolusbutterflyflot9a1a1

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus in Gladiolus Bulb American A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ Galleries for those registered with North American Gladiolus Council pre 2008

If Peeters Enterprises Gladiolus , Pleasant Valley Glads & Dahlias , Honker Flats or other mail-order nursery from America are prepared to donate the use of their photos of the flower, foliage, overall plant, corm, flower arrangement, floret or award photo of any of their mail-order gladioli to this website, then more information can be provided with the existing gladioli from America and new ones added and compared.

 

 

 

Gladiolus in Gladiolus Bulb American A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ Galleries for those registered with North American Gladiolus Council in 2008

'After-burner'

Red -
455 LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladiolusffloafterburnernagc1a1a

 

'Akvarel'

Pink -
543 L

August

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloakvarelnagc1a1a1

'Alpen Glow'

Orange - 425 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloalpenglownagc1a1a

 

'Anna Lynn'

Rose -
265 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscfloannalynnnagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Ant. Peeters'

Rose -
465 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloantpeetersnagc1a1a

 

'Assol'

White -
301 LM

August

 

 

 

gladioluscfloassolnagc1a1a1

 

 

'Beauty Mark'

Yellow - 311 LM

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflobeautymarknagc1a1a

 

 

'Blushing Blonde'

Yellow - 413 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloblushingblondenagc1a1a

 

'Charm School'

Lavender - 375 EM

July

 

 

 

gladiolusfflocharmschoolnagc1a1a

 

 

'Cherokee Nation'

Rose - 365 EM

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflocherokeenationnagc1a1a

 

 

'Christmas Orchid'

Rose - 265 E

July

 

 

gladioluscflochristmasorchidnagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Cindy B'

Lavender - 473 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflocindybnagc1a1a

 

'Conuma'

Rose - 267 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscfloconumanagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Cool White'

White - 200 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflocoolwhitenagc1a1a1

 

 

 

'Court Jester'

Yellow - 215 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscflocourtjesternagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Dymos'

Rose - 466 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflodymosnagc1a1a

 

'Enchanted'

Smokies - 295 E

July

 

 

gladioluscfloenchantednagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Fancy Ruffles'

Yellow - 313 LM

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflofancyrufflesnagc1a1a

 

 

'Fragrant Lady'

Rose - 465 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflofragrantladynagc1a1a

 

'Glad Boy'

Lavender - 474 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflogladboynagc1a1a

 

'Goluboj Vodopad'

Violet - 584 LM

July

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflogolubojvodopadnagc1a1a

'Harvest Sunset'

Orange - 325 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloharvestsunsetnagc1a1a

 

 

'Huron County'

Orange - 424 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflohuroncountynagc1a1a

 

'Island Sunset'

Salmon - 235 M

July

 

 

gladioluscfloislandsunsetnagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Jupiter'

Orange - 521 LM

July

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflojupiternagc1a1a

'Kiss of Rose'

Rose - 465 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflokissofrosenagc1a1a

 

'Lava Dandy II'

Lavender - 473 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflolavadandyiinagc1a1a

 

'Leah Carolyn'

Yellow - 315 LM

August

 

 

 

gladioluscfloleahcarolynnagc1a1a

 

 

'Lemon Blush'

Yellow - 313 VE

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflolemonblushnagc1a1a

 

 

'Lemon Meringue'

Yellow - 111 M

July

 

gladioluscflolemonmeringuenagc1a1a

 

 

 

 

'Lemon Tart'

Yellow - 215 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflolemontartnagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Light Snow'

White - 100 VE

July

 

gladioluscflolightsnownagc1a1a1

 

 

 

 

'Merriment'

Pink - 243 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscflomerrimentnagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Neat'

Rose - 365 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloneatnagc1a1a

 

 

'Nezhnost
(tender-ness)'

Pink - 541 LM

July

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflonezhnostnagc1a1a

'Noch-naya Melod-iya
(night Melody
)'

Blue - 485 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflonochnayamelodiyanagc1a1

 

'Nostalgie'

Rose - 363 M

July

 

 

 

gladiolusfflonostalgienagc1a1a

 

 

'Okouzlein'

Salmon - 335 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflookouzleinnagc1a1a

 

 

'Opal Splash'

Lavender - 171 VE

July

 

gladioluscfloopalsplashnagc1a1a

 

 

 

 

'Orange Dart'

Orange - 127 EM

July

 

gladioluscfloorangedartnagc1a1

 

 

 

 

'Osenni Karnaval'

Lavender - 371 L

August

 

 

 

gladioluscfloosennikarnavalnagc1a1

 

 

'Passion'

Pink -
445 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopassionnagc1a1

 

'Peppi (female cat)'

Salmon - 435 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopeppinagc1a1

 

'Perth Silence'

Lavender - 373 LM

August

 

 

 

gladioluscfloperthsilencenagc1a1

 

 

'Pete's Gold'

Yellow - 314 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflopetesgoldnagc1a1

 

 

'Powerful Lady'

Salmon - 435 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopowerfulladynagc1a1

 

'Raspberry Cream'

Rose - 365 VE

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloraspberrycreamnagc1a1

 

 

'Red Deer'

Red - 453 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloreddeernagc1a1

 

'Red My Mind'

Red - 354 EM

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloredmymindnagc1a1

 

 

'Reflection'

Pink - 345 EM

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloreflectionnagc1a1

 

 

'Rosy Posy'

Rose -
465 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflorosyposynagc1a1

 

'Royalist'

Purple - 278 E

July

 

 

gladioluscfloroyalistnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Rozovaya Fantazia
(pink fantasy)'

Rose - 462 L

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflorozovayafantazianagc1a1

 

'Scrump-tious'

Salmon - 333 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloscrumptiousnagc1a1

 

 

'Show-bound'

Lavender - 475 LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloshowboundnagc1a1

 

'Show-man's Delight'

Salmon - 435 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloshowmansdelightnagc1a1

 

'Slastena
(sweeten-ing)'

Smokies - 493 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloslastenanagc1a1

 

'Small Star'

Green - 103 VE

July

 

gladioluscflosmallstarnagc1a1a

 

 

 

 

'Snow Owl'

White -
400 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflosnowowlnagc1a1a

 

'Superior Champ'

Pink -
444 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflosuperiorchampnagc1a1

 

'Terry'

Orange - 525 LM

August

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloterrynagc1a1

'Vivacious'

Pink -
441 LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflovivaciousnagc1a1

 

'Volunteer'

Orange - 426 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflovolunteernagc1a1

 

'Vosmoe Marta
(8th of March)'

Rose -
562 L

August

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflovosmoemartanagc1a1

'Water-melon Wine'

Rose -
464 LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflowatermelonwinenagc1a1

 

'Willy Wonka'

Brown - 298 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscflowillywonkanagc1a1

 

 

 

'Wondrous'

Rose -
163 E

July

 

gladiolusfflowondrousnagc1a1a

 

 

 

 

Gladiolus in Gladiolus Bulb American A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ Galleries for those registered with North American Gladiolus Council in 2009

'Benjamin'

Purple - 379 LM

August

 

 

 

gladioluscflobenjaminnagc1a1

 

 

'Blazing Arrow'

Red - 454 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloblazingarrownagc1a1

 

'Bold Heart'

White - 201 M

July

 

 

gladioluscfloboldheartnagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Catharina'

Orange - 423 E

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflocatharinanagc1a1

 

'Cheers'

Rose - 267AA M

July

 

 

gladioluscflocheersnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Crowd Pleaser'

Lavender - 373 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflocrowdpleasernagc1a1

 

 

'Eye Opener'

Rose - 265 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscfloeyeopenernagc1a1

 

 

 

'Fiesta Americana'

Orange - 227 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscflofiestaamericananagc1a1

 

 

 

'Fire Poker'

Red -
452 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflofirepokernagc1a1

 

'Flower Girl'

Lavender - 175 M

July

 

gladioluscfloflowergirlnagc1a1

 

 

 

 

'Grand Girl'

Yellow - 112 E

July

 

gladioluscflograndgirlnagc1a1

 

 

 

 

'Heavenly Gold'

Pink -
343 EM

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloheavenlygoldnagc1a1

 

 

'Holy Moly'

Yellow - 213 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscfloholymolynagc1a1

 

 

 

'Lavender Ice'

Lavender - 473 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflolavendericenagc1a1

 

'Mercy Me'

Salmon - 235AA EM

July

 

 

gladioluscflomercymenagc1a1

 

 

 

'Miss Midas'

Yellow - 314 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflomissmidasnagc1a1

 

 

'Pure Poetry'

Salmon - 435 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopurepoetrynagc1a1

 

'Royal Touch'

Rose -
466 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloroyaltouchnagc1a1

 

'Sassy'

Yellow - 515AA EM

July

 

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflosassynagc1a1

'Secret Lady'

White -
300 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflosecretladynagc1a1a

 

 

'Smarty Pants'

Purple - 279 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscflosmartypantsnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Stately Lady'

Rose -
460 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflostatelyladynagc1a1

 

'Suzanne'

Rose -
466 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflosuzannenagc1a1

 

'Tsolum'

Orange - 222 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflotsolumnagc1a1

 

 

 

Gladiolus in Gladiolus Bulb American A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ Galleries for those registered with North American Gladiolus Council in 2010

'Angelic'

Red - 252 M

July

 

 

gladioluscfloangelicnagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Best Bet'

Pink -
444 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflobestbetnagc1a1

 

'Blue Bay'

Pale Blue - 483 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflobluebaynagc1a1

 

'Cool Compan-ion'

Rose -
267 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflocoolcompanionnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Dream On'

Salmon - 233AA M

July

 

 

gladioluscflodreamonnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Extra-vagant Eyes'

Rose -
367 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscfloextravaganteyesnagc1a1

 

 

'Fiesta Frenzy'

Yellow - 313 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflofiestafrenzynagc1a1

 

 

'Fragrant Art'

Rose -
363 E

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflofragrantartnagc1a1

 

 

'Frosted Grape'

Lavender - 273 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscflofrostedgrapenagc1a1

 

 

 

'Gussy Up'

Orange - 423 LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflogussyupnagc1a1

 

'Huron Destiny'

Salmon - 431 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflohurondestinynagc1a1

 

'Mary's Dream'

Pink -
347 LM

August

 

 

 

gladioluscflomarysdreamnagc1a1

 

 

'Nesook'

Lavender - 273 E

July

 

 

gladioluscflonesooknagc1a1

 

 

 

'Nimpkish'

Orange - 225 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflonimpkishnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Rose Flash'

Rose -
463 LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloroseflashnagc1a1

 

'Rusty Red'

Red -
452 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflorustyrednagc1a1

 

'Teaser'

Rose -
464 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloteasernagc1a1

 

'Warm White'

White -
200 LM

August

 

 

gladioluscflowarmwhitenagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Wrigley'

Orange - 225 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflowrigleynagc1a1

 

 

 

Gladiolus in Gladiolus Bulb American A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ Galleries for those registered with North American Gladiolus Council in 2011

'Babsbill'

Yellow - 412 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflobabsbillnagc1a1a

 

'Cocka-doodle'

Red -
357 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflocockadoodlenagc1a1

 

 

'Coral Sea'

Salmon - 433 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflocoralseanagc1a1

 

'Cypress Creek'

Red -
152 M

July

 

gladioluscflocypresscreeknagc1a1

 

 

 

 

'High Stakes'

Red -
353 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflohighstakesnagc1a1

 

 

'Immac-ulate Heart'

Pink -
441 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloimmaculateheartnagc1a1

 

'Irish Cream'

Yellow - 210 M

July

 

 

gladioluscfloirishcreamnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Mother Nature'

Rose - 463AAS EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflomothernaturenagc1a1a

 

'Orange Effect'

Orange - 223 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscfloorangeeffectnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Pepper-mint Delight'

Pink -
441 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopeppermintdelightnagc1a1

 

'Peta Christina'

Rose -
462 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopetachristinanagc1a1

 

'Shenan-igans'

Red -
253 M

July

 

 

gladioluscfloshenanigansnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Solar Star'

Yellow - 315AA M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflosolarstarnagc1a1

 

 

'Velvet Revolution'

Red -
256 E

July

 

 

gladioluscflovelvetrevolutionnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Wowzer'

Orange - 425 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflowowzernagc1a1

 

Gladiolus in Gladiolus Bulb American A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, XYZ Galleries for those registered with North American Gladiolus Council in 2012

'Aaralyn'

Rose -
467 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloaaralynnagc1a1a

 

'Bald's Beauty'

Salmon - 433 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflobaldsbeautynagc1a1a

 

'Delightful'

Rose -
463 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflodelightfulnagc1a1

 

'Destiny'

Rose -
266 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflodestinynagc1a1

 

 

 

'Ex-president'

Salmon - 235 M

July

 

 

gladioluscfloexpresidentnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Farmer's Daughter'

Orange - 424 AAS LM

August

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflofarmersdaughternagc1a1

 

'French Rose'

Rose -
367 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflofrenchrosenagc1a1

 

 

'Gypsy Belle'

Rose -
466 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflogypsybellenagc1a1a

 

'Happy Face'

Salmon - 433 AAS M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflohappyfacenagc1a1

 

'Happy Hour'

Rose -
265 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflohappyhournagc1a1

 

 

 

'Hendrika'

Rose -
462 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflohendrikanagc1a1

 

'Juicy Fruit'

Salmon - 435 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflojuicyfruitnagc1a1

 

'Lauren'

Pink -
243 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflolaurennagc1a1

 

 

 

'Libuse'

Yellow - 413 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflolibusenagc1a1

 

'Lyle'

Salmon - 333 L

August

 

 

 

gladioluscflolylenagc1a1

 

 

'Magic Rose'

Red -
257 M

July

 

 

gladioluscflomagicrosenagc1a1

 

 

 

'Natural Flame'

Yellow - 413 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflonaturalflamenagc1a1

 

'Orange Ensemble'

Orange - 425 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloorangeensemblenagc1a1

 

'Professor Plum'

Purple - 278 EM

July

 

 

gladioluscfloprofessorplumnagc1a1

 

 

 

'Pulchy'

Lavender 477 EM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflopulchynagc1a1

 

'Quiver'

White -
201 M

July

 

 

gladioluscfloquivernagc1a1a

 

 

 

'Sacia Lynn'

Lavender - 475 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflosacialynnnagc1a1

 

'Scarlet Starlet'

Red -
454 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscfloscarletstarletnagc1a1

 

'Spritzer'

Rose -
363 EM

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflospritzernagc1a1

 

 

'Tabasco Cat'

Orange - 227 E

July

 

 

gladioluscflotabascocatnagc1a1

 

 

 

'The King's Kisses'

Lavender - 377 M

July

 

 

 

gladioluscflothekingskissesnagc1a1

 

 

'Velvet Mistress'

Black -
458 LM

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflovelvetmistressnagc1a1

 

'William Tell'

Lavender - 475 M

July

 

 

 

 

gladioluscflowilliamtellnagc1a1

 

Antanas Markevieius from Lithuania has kindly allowed me to use the photos from www.geles.biz, where he sells some Russian varieties as well as his own. If you want to buy the corms to grow in Lithuania or for export to your garden in your country, please contact him prior to middle of November each year. Lithuania became independent from Russia on 11 March 1990. The gladioli that he has registered with the North American Gladiolus Council are listed and linked to his website in the Cultivar from Russia / Lithuania Page. He has very kindly stated that he will provide the flowerhead height of his gladioli, so that I can create the relevant Gladiolus Description Page and then add them to the comparison pages and then they will appear in the next row.

 

 

 

Gladiolus are grown and hybridised in Australia and when a mail-order nursery donates the photos and cultivation details together with the specific climactic conditions appertaining to the gladioli that they have hybridised, then those can be added to the row below, together with their Gladiolus Plant Description Pages and comparison pages for those that they can export to you for your own garden in Australia and perhaps other countries.

 

 

 

The Integrated Sustainable Energy and Ecological Development Association (INSEDA) is the national India organization formed by the grassroots NGOs who had been involved in the promotion of renewable energy, ecological and natural resources development programmes with special focus on the implementation of biogas development in rural areas of the country, since 1980. They have hybridised some new varieties - see Gladiolus Bulb Site Map. These Gladiolus are grown in India and if a mail-order nursery donates the photos and cultivation details together with the specific climactic conditions appertaining to the gladioli that they have hybridised, then those can be added to the row below, together with their Gladiolus Plant Description Pages and comparison pages for those that they can export to you for your own garden.

 

 

 

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

 

Site design and content copyright ©January 2012. Page structure amended November 2012. Thumbnails added to above Index October 2015. Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

 

Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name

A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1
, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A
, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1
, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index

Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,

will be
compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial
,
F
lower shape Wildflower Flower Shape and
Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers

Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ

Rose Rose Use

These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row), Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower


Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction

with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders

......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance

Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...
Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...
How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...
Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...
Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...
Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process

Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form

...Bulb Use

...Bulb in Soil


Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone

...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline

...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium

...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria 
...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus

...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis

...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis

...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari

...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum

...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots

...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium

...Tulip
...Zephyranthus

Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas

...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias

...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias

Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums

...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles

...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums

...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes

...Plant Bedding in
......Spring

......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial

...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index
R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger
Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple

...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...
Uses in USA,
...
Uses in UK and
...
Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK


Wild Flower
with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of
Chalk and
Limestone 1
, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil
1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.

...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on
Acid Soil,
on
Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil
,
on
Marine Soil,
on
Neutral Soil,
is a
Fern,
is a
Grass,
is a
Rush,
is a
Sedge, or
is
Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1

Grass Soft
Bromes 2

Grass Soft
Bromes 3

Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1

Peaflower
Clover 2

Peaflower
Clover 3

Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
Water Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew


Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process

dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index


Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape
- page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)


All Flowers
per Month 12


Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month
12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53
INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index

...All Plants Index


Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1
, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1
, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60
cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant

...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index

...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES


Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley

Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1
, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5
,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.

Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1

with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2
,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall

Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1
, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden

Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger

Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

 

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-

Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1
, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1
, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1
, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1
, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1
, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1
, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1
, 2


Topic -
Website User Guidelines


My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.
 

BULB INDEX link to Bulb Description Page

 

 

Index of Bulbs from
P Infill2 Plants Index Gallery

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone

...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline

...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium

...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria 
...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus

...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis

...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis

...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari

...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum

...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots

...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium

...Tulip
...Zephyranthus

Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas

...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias

...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias

 

 

---------

 

 


Bulb Use pages from
P Infill2 Index Gallery


Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums

...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles

...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums

...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes

...Plant Bedding in
......Spring

......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

 

A

D

G

O

 

Acis autumnalis
- autumn

Acis autumnalis pulchellum - autumn
Acis autumnale 'September Snow' - autumn
Acis valentinum
- autumn

Aconitum cammarum
Aconitum heterophyllum
Aconitum japonicum
Aconitum lycoctonum
Aconitum napellus
Aconitum variegatum

Group 1(b). Single Dahlias - Singles
Dahlia 'Summertime'
 

Gladiolus in Autumn Bulb Gallery
Gladiolus communis
subsp. byzantinus

Gladiolus papilio
'Butterfly'

Omphalodes
cappadocica

Ophiopogon
planiscapus

Ophiopogon
planiscapus
'Nigrescens'

Oxalis adenophylla
Oxalis chrysantha
Oxalis enneaphylla
Oxalis hirta
'Gothenburg' - tender

Oxalis purpurea
- tender

Oxalis lobata
Oxalis obtusa

 


The process below provides a uniform method for
comparing every plant detailed in the following galleries with
the ones already compared in the relevant plant gallery
from the last list of plant galleries in this cell:-

These are the galleries that will provide the plants to be added to their own Extra Index Pages

 

 

The following Extra Index of Bulbs is created in the
Bulb Plant Gallery, to which the Bulb found in the above list will have that row copied to.
The Header Row for the Extra Indices pages is the same as used in the 1000 Ground Cover A of Plants Topic:-

A 1, 2, 3, B,
C 1, 2, D, E,
F, G, H, I, J,
K, L 1, 2, M, N, O,
P, Q, R, S, T,
U, V, W, XYZ

 

 

Having transferred the Extra Index row entry to the relevant Extra Index row for the same type of plant in a gallery below; then
its flower or foliage thumbnail will be compared per month in that relevant gallery:-

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2008

'Afterburner'
'Akvarel'
'Alpen Glow'
'Anna Lynn'
'Ant. Peeters'
'Assol'
'Beauty Mark'
'Blushing Blonde'
'Charm School'
'Cherokee Nation'
'Christmas Orchid'
'Cindy B'
'Conuma'
'Cool White'
'Court Jester'
'Dymos'
'Enchanted'
'Fancy Ruffles'
'Fragrant Lady'
'Glad Boy'
'Goluboj Vodopad'
'Harvest Sunset'
'Huron County'
'Island Sunset'
'Jupiter'
'Kiss of Rose'
'Lava Dandy II'
'Leah Carolyn'
'Lemon Blush'
'Lemon Meringue'
'Lemon Tart'
'Light Snow'
'Merriment'
'Neat'
'Nezhnost
(tenderness)'

'Nochnaya Melodiya (night Melody)'
'Nostalgie'
'Okouzlein'
'Opal Splash'
'Orange Dart'
'Osenni Karnaval'
'Passion'
'Peppi (female cat)'
'Perth Silence'
'Pete's Gold'
'Powerful Lady'
'Raspberry Cream'
'Red Deer'
'Red My Mind'
'Reflection'
'Rosy Posy'
'Royalist'
'Rozovaya Fantazia (pink fantasy)'
'Scrumptious'
'Showbound'
'Showman's Delight'
'Slastena
(sweetening)'
'Small Star'
'Snow Owl'
'Superior Champ'
'Terry'
'Vivacious'
'Volunteer'
'Vosmoe Marta
(8th of March)'
'Watermelon Wine'
'Willy Wonka'
'Wondrous'

Allium acuminatum
Allium aflatunense 'Purple Sensation'

Allium altissimum
'Goliath'

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium amplectens
Allium angulosum
Allium azureum
Allium 'Beau Regard'
Allium caeruleum
Allium caesium
Allium carinatum pulchellum 'Album'
Allium callimischon callimischon - autumn
Allium cepa var viviparum
Allium cernuum
Allium christophii
Allium cowanii
Allium crenulatum
Allium cupanii
Allium cyaneum
Allium cyathophorum
var farreri

Allium falcifolium
Allium flavum
Allium flavum nanum
Allium geyeri
Allium giganteum
Allium 'Gladiator'
Allium 'Globemaster'
Allium 'Globus'
Allium hirtifolium
'Album'

Allium 'His Excellency'
Allium x hollandicum
Allium jesdianum
'Akbulak'

Allium jesdianum ssp angustitepalum
Allium jesdianum
'Michael Hoog
'
Allium jesdianum
'Purple King
'
Allium jesdianum
'Shing'

Allium kansuensis
Allium karataviense
Allium karataviense
'Ivory Queen
'
Allium lenkoranicum
Allium 'Lucy Ball'
Allium macleanii
Allium macranthum
Allium 'Mars'
Allium maximowiczii
Allium moly
Allium moly 'Jeannine'
Allium 'Mont Blanc'
Allium multibulbosum
Allium
neapolitanum
Allium nevskianum
Allium nigrum
Allium nutans
Allium obliquum
Alium paradoxum
ssp normale

Allium plummerae
Allium oreophilum
Allium pulchellum
Allium ramosum
Allium rosenbachianum
Allium roseum
Allium 'Round
and Purple
'
Allium saxatile
Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum
albiflorum

Allium schoenoprasum 'Forescate'
Allium schubertii
Allium scorodoprasum
Allium
sphaerocephalum

Allium sphaero-cephalon
Allium stamineum
Allium stipitatum
Allium stipitatum
'Album'

Allium stipitatum
'Mount Everest
'
Allium subvilosum
Allium triquetrum
Allium unifolium
Allium ursinum
Allium vineale 'Hair'
Allium violaceum
Allium wallichii
Allium zebdanense
 

Group 2. Anemone-Flowered Dahlias
Dahlia 'Purpinka'
Dahlia 'Toto'

P

Polyxena odorata
- tender

Polyxena paucifolia
- tender

Group 3(a). Collarette Dahlias - Collarette Singles
Dahlia 'Alstergruss'
 

Q

 

R

 

 

 

Group 4(a). Waterlily Dahlias - Medium-flowered
Dahlia 'Glory of
Heemstede
'

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2009

'Benjamin'
'Blazing Arrow'
'Bold Heart'
'Catharina'
'Cheers'
'Crowd Pleaser'
'Eye Opener'
'Fiesta Americana'
'Fire Poker'
'Flower Girl'
'Grand Girl'
'Heavenly Gold'
'Holy Moly'
'Lavender Ice'
'Mercy Me'
'Miss Midas'
'Pure Poetry'
'Royal Touch'
'Sassy'
'Secret Lady'
'Smarty Pants'
'Stately Lady'
'Suzanne'
'Tsolum'

S

 

Sanguinaria
canadensis

Sanguinaria canadensis
'Plena'

Scilla siberica
Scilla peruviana
Sparaxis grandiflora acutiloba - tender
Sparaxis metelerkampiae - tender
Sparaxis parviflora
- tender

Sparaxis tricolor
- tender

Symphytum
ibericum

 

 

T

Alstroemeria aurantiaca
Alstroemeria versicolor
Alstroemeria psittacina
Alstroemeria pelegrina
Alstroemeria diazii
Alstroemeria ligtu
Alstroemeria haemantha
Amaryllis
belladonna

Group 4(b). Waterlily Dahlias - Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Gerrie Hoek'
Dahlia 'Twilight Time'
 

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2010

'Angelic'
'Best Bet'
'Blue Bay'
'Cool Companion'
'Dream On
'
'Extravagant Eyes'
'Fiesta Frenzy'
'Fragrant Art'
'Frosted Grape'
'Gussy Up'
'Huron Destiny'
'Mary's Dream'
'Nesook'
'Nimpkish'
'Rose Flash'
'Rusty Red'
'Teaser'
'Warm White'
'Wrigley'

Tricyrtis hirta
Tritonia crocata - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Bridal Veil' - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Pink Sensation' - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Serendipity' - tender
Tritonia crocata 'Tangerine' - tender
 

Tulipa Division 1:
Single Early
'Couleur Cardinal' 1M24R

Tulipa Division 4:
Darwin Tulips
'Bleu Aimable' 4M22PU
'Queen of Night' 4L24PU
 

 

 

Anemone apennina
Anemone
baldensis
Anemone blanda
Anemone blanda 'Blue
Shades
'
Anemone blanda
'Charmer'

Anemone blanda
'Pink Star
'
Anemone blanda
'Radar'

Anemone blanda rosea
Anemone blanda
'Violet Star
'
Anemone blanda 'White Splendour'
Anemone caroliniana
Anemone coronaria
'de Caen'
Anemone coronaria
'St Brigid
'
Anemone demissa
Anemone fischeriana
Anemone fulgens
Anemone hupehensis
Anemone x
lipsiensis 'Pallida'

Anemone
intermedia

Anemone narcissiflora
Anemone nemorosa
Anemone nemorosa
'Alba Plena
'
Anemone nemorosa
'Allenii'

Anemone nemorosa
'Bracteata Pleniflora
'
Anemone nemorosa
'Lychette'

Anemone nemorosa
'Robinsoniana'

Anemone nemorosa
'Vestal'

Anemone palmata
Anemone ranunculoides
Anemone ranunculoides 'Pleniflora'
Anemone rupicola
Anemone stellata
Anemone trullifolia
 

Group 5(a) - Decorative Dahlias -
Giant-flowered
Dahlia 'Edinburgh'
Dahlia 'Fleur'
Dahlia 'Kelvin Floodlight'
Dahlia 'White Perfection'
 

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2011

'Babsbill'
'Cockadoodle'

'Coral Sea'
'Cypress Creek'
'High Stakes'
'Immaculate Heart
'
'Irish Cream'
'Mother Nature'
'Orange Effect'
'Peppermint Delight'
'Peta Christina'
'Shenanigans'
'Solar Star'
'Velvet Revolution'
'Wowzer'

Tulipa Division 4:
Darwin Hybrid
'Apeldoorn' 4L24R
'Beauty of Apeldoorn' 4L24MC
'Jewel of Spring' 4M20Y

Tulipa Division 6:
Lily-flowered
'White Triumphator' 6L26W

Tulipa Division 7:
Fringed
'Daytona' 7L26W

Tulipa Division 8:
Viridiflora
'Flaming Spring Green' 8L20MC
'Spring Green' 8L20MC
'Virichic' 8L18MC
 


Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell from
P Garden Style Index Gallery:-

Bulbs and Corms with
Scented Flowers
1
, 2, 3, 4, 5

 

Group 5(b) - Decorative Dahlias -
Large-flowered
Dahlia 'Red/White
Fubuki
'

Gladiolus Bulb American registered in 2012

'Aaralyn'
'Bald's Beauty'
'Delightful'
'Destiny'
'Expresident'
'Farmer's Daughter'
'French Rose'
'Gypsy Belle'
'Happy Face'
'Happy Hour'
'Hendrika'
'Juicy Fruit'
'Lauren'
'Libuse'
'Lyle'
'Magic Rose'
'Natural Flame'
'Orange Ensemble'
'Professor Plum'
'Pulchy'
'Quiver'
'Sacia Lynn'
'Scarlet Starlet'
'Spritzer'
'Tabasco Cat'
'The King's Kisses'
'Velvet Mistress'
'William Tell'

Tulipa Division 10:
Parrot
'Black Parrot' 10L20MC
'Blue Parrot' 10M12MC

 

 

Tulipa Division 11:
Double Late or Peony-flowered
'Angelique' 11L14MC

Tulipa Division 12:
Kaufmanniana
'Stresa' 12M12MC

Index of Bulbs from
Plants Extra Gallery

Bulb
Photos - Bulb

Anthericum liliago
Anthericum liliastrum
Anthericum ramosum
Antholyza
paniculata

Antholyza
aethiopica

Antholyza spicata
Apios tuberosa
Arisaema ringens
Arisaema dracontium

Tulipa Division 13:
Fosteriana (Emperor)
'Purissima' 13E16W
'Yellow Purissima' 13E16Y

 


Tulipa Division 15:
Species (Botanical)
batalinii 15M15Y
tarda 15M6MC
turkestanica 15E12W
urumiensis 15M6Y
violacea 15E10MC

 

Website Structure Explanation and
User Guidelines

 

Arisarum
proboscideum

Arum italicum
Arum italicum
'Marmoratum'

Arum maculatum
Arum orientale
Arum palaestinum
Arum
proboscideum

Aruncus dioicus

Group 5(c) - Decorative Dahlias -
Medium-flowered
Dahlia 'Duet'
Dahlia 'Funny Face'
Dahlia 'Golden Emblem'
Dahlia 'Lilac Time'
Dahlia 'Rosella'
Dahlia 'Smokey'
Dahlia 'Snow Country'
 

H

U

 

 

Hedysarum
hedysaroides

Helleborus
foetidus

Helleborus
niger

Helleborus
orientalis

Helleborus orientalis
abchasicus
Hyacinthoides hispanica
Hyacinthoides
non-scripta

 

 

B

Group 5(d) - Decorative Dahlias -
Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Abba'
Dahlia 'Arabian Night'
Dahlia 'Arnhem'
Dahlia 'Canary Fubuki'
Dahlia 'Christine'
Dahlia 'Claudette'
Dahlia 'Cobra'
Dahlia 'El Paso'
Dahlia 'Gallery
Vincent
'
Dahlia 'Sisa'
Dahlia 'Wittem'

I

V

 

abiana stricta - tender
Biarum bovei
- autumn

Biarum ochridense
- autumn

Biarum tenuifolium
- autumn

Biarum tenuifolium var. abbreviatum - autumn
 

Impatiens
tinctoria

Iris
foetidissima
Iris laevigata
Iris pseudacorus
Ixia 'Blue Bird' - tender
Ixia 'Castor' - tender
Ixia flexuosa - tender
Ixia 'Giant' - tender
Ixia 'Hogarth' - tender
Ixia 'Holland's Gloire'
- tender

Ixia 'Mabel' - tender
Ixia maculata - tender
Ixia 'Marquette' - tender
Ixia 'Rose Emperor'
- tender

Ixia 'Titia' - tender
Ixia 'Venus' - tender
Ixia 'Vulcan' - tender
Ixia 'Yellow Emperor'
- tender

Veltheimia bracteata
- tender

 

C

Group 5(e) - Decorative Dahlias -
Miniature-flowered
Dahlia 'Gallery
Cezanne
'
Dahlia 'Little Tiger'
 

J

XYZ

 

Campanula
glomerata
Campanula
persicifolia

Centaurea montana
Ceratostigma
plumbagoides
 

Group 6(b) - Ball Dahlias - Miniature Ball
Dahlia 'Orange Nugget'
Dahlia 'Stolze
von Berlin
'
 

 

Zantedeschia elliottiana 'Black-eyed Beauty'

 

Autumn-flowering
Colchicums
Colchicum autumnale
Colchicum autumnale 'Alboplenum'
Colchicum autumnale
'Album'
Colchicum autumnale
'Major'

Colchicum autumnale
'Nancy Lindsay'

Colchicum autumnale 'Pleniflorum'
Colchicum
'Autumn Herald'

Colchicum baytopiorum
Colchicum boissieri
Colchicum byzantinum
Colchicum cilicium
Colchicum cilicium
'Purpureum'
Colchicum cupanii
Colchicum
'Dick Trotter'

Colchicum 'Disraeli'
Colchicum giganteum
Colchicum 'Gracia'
Colchicum graecum
Colchicum 'Harlekijn'
Colchicum 'Jochem Hof'
Colchicum laetum
Colchicum
'Lilac Bedder'
Colchicum
'Lilac Wonder'
Colchicum luteum
Colchicum parlatoris
Colchicum 'Poseidon'
Colchicum
'Rosy Dawn'

Colchicum speciosum
Colchicum speciosum
'Album'
Colchicum speciosum bornmeulleri
Colchicum speciosum
'Ordu'
Colchicum tenorei
Colchicum
'The Giant'

Colchicum
'Violet Queen'
Colchicum
'Water Lily'

Colchicum
'William Dykes'

Group 7 - Pompon
Dahlias
Dahlia 'Golden
Sceptre
'

K

 

 

 

 

Group 8(c) - Cactus Medium-flowered
Dahlia 'Garden
Princess
'
Dahlia 'Nuit d'Ete'
Dahlia 'Orfeo'
 

L

 

Lachenalia aloides -
tender

Lachenalia aloides
aurea -tender

Lachenalia aloides
quadricolor - tender

Lachenalia aloides
pearsonii - tender

Lachenalia aloides
vanzyliae - tender

Lachenalia bulbifera
- tender

Lachenalia contaminata
- tender

Lachenalia elegans
- tender

Lachenalia 'Fransie'
- tender

Lachenalia glaucina var. pallida - tender
Lachenalia juncifolia
- tender

Lachenalia 'Namakwa'
- tender

Lachenalia namaquensis
- tender

Lachenalia 'Nova'
- tender

Lachenalia orthopetala
- tender

Lachenalia pustulata
- tender

Lachenalia 'Robyn'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Rolina'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Romaud'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Romelia'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Ronina'
- tender

Lachenalia 'Rosabeth'
- tender

Lachenalia rosea
- tender

Lachenalia 'Rupert'
- tender

Lachenalia splendida
- tender

Lachenalia unifolia
- tender

Lachenalia viridiflora
- tender

Lachenalia zeyheri
- tender

 

Group 8(d) - Cactus - Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Playa Blanca'
 

 

Group 9(b) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias -
Large-flowered
Dahlia 'Colour Spectacle'

 

Tessellated-flowering Colchicums
Colchicum agrippinum
Colchicum
'Autumn Queen'

Colchicum bivonae
'Apollo'
Colchicum bivonae
'Glory of Heemstede'

Colchicum bivonae
'Vesta'
Colchicum
macrophyllum
Colchicum sfikasianum
Colchicum sibthorpi

Group 9(d) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias -
Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Extase'
Dahlia 'Hayley Jane'
Dahlia 'Ludwig
Helfert
'
 

Leucocoryne 'Andes'
Leucocoryne 'Caravelle'
 

 

 

I Asiatic Hybrid Lilies
Lilium 'Apollo'
Lilium 'Cancun'
Lilium 'Citronella'
Lilium 'Claire'
Lilium Cote 'd'Azur'
Lilium 'Fata Morgana'
Lilium 'Gironde'
Lilium 'Gran Paradiso'
Lilium 'Kingdom'
Lilium 'King Pete'
Lilium 'Lennox'
Lilium 'Lollpop'
Lilium 'Montreux'
Lilium 'Orange County'
Lilium 'Prunotto'
Lilium 'Rosella's Dream'

 

Winter-flowering
Colchicums
Colchicum crocifolium

Colchicum kesselringii
Colchicum hungaricum albiflorum
Colchicum szovitisii
'Tivi'

Colchicum szovitisii
'White Forms'

Group 9(e) - Semi-Cactus Dahlias -
Miniature-flowered
Dahlia 'Autumn Fairy'
Dahlia 'Munchen'

 

 

Winter- and Spring-Flowering Colchicums
Colchicum hungaricum
 

Group 10PE(c) - Miscellaneous Dahlias -
Small-flowered
Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff'

I Dwarf Asiatic Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium 'Buff Pixie'
Lilium 'Butter Pixie'
Lilium 'Ceb Crimson'
Lilium 'Inuvik'
Lilium 'Pink Pixie'
Lilium 'Tailor Made'

 

 

Autumn-flowering
Crocus
Crocus banaticus
Crocus asturicus var. atripurpureus
Crocus asumaniae
Crocus boryi
Crocus cambessedesii
Crocus cancellatus
cancellatus
Crocus cancellatus
lycius
Crocus cancellatus
pamphylicus
Crocus
cartwrightianus
Crocus
cartwrightianus 'Albus'
Crocus goulimyi
Crocus goulimyi 'Albus'
Crocus hadriaticus
Crocus hadriaticus
'Indian Summer'

Crocus kotschyanus kotschyanus
Crocus kotschyanus kotschyanus 'Albus'
Crocus kotschyanus
'Reliance'
Crocus laevigatus
'Fontenayi'
Crocus ligusticus
Crocus niveus
Crocus nudiflorus
Crocus ochroleucus
Crocus oreocreticus
Crocus pallasii
ssp. pallasii

Crocus pulchellus
Crocus pulchellus 'Albus'
Crocus pulchellus
'Inspiration'

Crocus pulchellus 'Michael Hoog'
Crocus pulchellus
'Zephyr'

Crocus sativus
Crocus serotinus
clusii

Crocus serotinus
salzmanii

Crocus serotinus salzmanii 'Erectophyllus'
Crocus speciosus
'Aino'

Crocus speciosus
'Aitchisonii'

Crocus speciosus
Crocus speciosus
'Albus'

Crocus speciosus
'Atabir'

Crocus speciosus
'Cassiope'

Crocus speciosus
'Conqueror'

Crocus speciosus
'Oxonian'

Crocus veneris

E

II Martagon Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium x marhan 'Mrs R.O. Backhouse'

 

 

Erythronium
dens-canis
Erythronium
'Pagoda'

Erythronium
tuolumnense

 

V Longiflorum Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium formosanum var. pricei 'Snow Queen'

 

F

VI Trumpet Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium 'African Queen'
Lilium 'Golden
Splendour
'
Lilium 'Pink Perfection'
Lilium 'Regale'
 

 

Ferraria crispa
- tender

VII Oriental Hybrid
Lilies
Lilium 'Acapulco'
Lilium 'Arena'
Lilium 'Barbaresco'
Lilium 'Bergamo'
Lilium 'Black Beauty'
Lilium 'Casa Blanca'
Lilium 'Cobra'
Lilium 'Con Amore'
Lilium 'Garden Party'
Lilium 'La Reve'
Lilium 'Mona Lisa'
Lilium 'Robert Swanson'
Lilium 'Siberia'
Lilium 'Starfighter'
Lilium 'Star Gazer'
Lilium 'Visa Versa'

 

Freesia alba
- tender

Freesia andersoniae
- tender
Freesia corymbosa
- tender

Freesia elimensis
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Athene'
- tender
Freesia speciosa 'Ballerina'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Bloemfontein'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Chiron'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Clazina'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Corona'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Diana'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Epona'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Fantasy'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Golden Melody'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Jessica'
- tender

Freesia speciosa 'Magdalena'
- tender

Fritillaria imperiallis

Fritillaria imperiallis 'Lutea'
Fritillaria imperiallis
'Rubra Maxima'

VIII Miscellaneous
Lilies
Lilium 'Conca d'Or'
Lilium 'Red Dutch'
Lilium 'Triumphator'
 

 

IX Species Lilies
Lilium auratum
Lilium cernuum
Lilium duchartrei
Lilium formosanum
Lilium formosanum
pricei

Lilium hansonii
Lilium henryi
Lilium leichtilinii
Lilium martagon
Lilium nepalense
Lilium pardalinum
Lilium superbum
Lilium wallichianum

 

Unspecified Lilies
Lilium lancifolium
'Splendens'

Lilium speciosum
'Rubrum'

 

Winter-flowering
Crocus
Crocus ancyrensis
'Golden Bunch'

Crocus biflorus
'Miss Vain
'
Crocus chrysanthus 'Ard Schenk'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Blue Pearl
'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Cream Beauty
'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Dorothy'

Crocus chrysanthus
'E.A. Bowles'

Crocus chrysanthus 'Fusco-tinctus'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Goldilocks'

Crocus chrysanthus 'Prince Claus'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Princess Beatrix'

Crocus chrysanthus
'Romance'

Crocus chrysanthus
'Saturnus'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Snow Bunting'
Crocus chrysanthus
'Warley'
Crocus chrysanthus 'Zwanenburg Bronze'

Crocus sieberi
atticus 'Firefly'

Crocus sieberi atticus
'Violet Queen
'
Crocus sieberi 'subsp. sublimis Tricolor'
Crocus
tommasinianus

Crocus tommasinianus 'Barrs Purple'
Crocus tommasinianus 'Ruby Giant'
Crocus tommasinianus 'Whitewell Purple'

G

M

 

 

Galanthus elwesii
 

Massonia echinata
Melasphaerula ramosa
Mimulus
primuloides
Mitella breweri

 

Gladiolus Bulb European

Gladiolus 'Amsterdam'
Gladiolus 'Atom'
Gladiolus 'Ben Venuto'
Gladiolus callianthus
'Murielae'

Gladiolus carneus
Gladiolus 'Carthago'
Gladiolus 'Charming Beauty'
Gladiolus 'Charming Lady'
Gladiolus 'Cherry Berry'
Gladiolus colvillei
'Albus'

Gladiolus 'Cream
of the Crop
'
Gladiolus 'Deciso'
Gladiolus 'Ed's Conquest'
Gladiolus 'Elvira'
Gladiolus 'Espresso'
Gladiolus 'Eurovision'
Gladiolus 'Evergreen'
Gladiolus 'Flevo Smile'
Gladiolus 'Florence
Nightingale
'
Gladiolus 'Friendship'
Gladiolus 'Golden
Melody
'
Gladiolus 'Goldfield'
Gladiolus 'Grand
Finale
'
Gladiolus 'Her Majesty'
Gladiolus 'Hotline'
Gladiolus 'Huron Fox'
Gladiolus 'Huron Jewel'
Gladiolus 'Impressive'
Gladiolus 'Jayvee'
Gladiolus 'Jessica'
Gladiolus 'Karen 'P' '
Gladiolus 'Lady Elenore'
Gladiolus 'Little Jude'
Gladiolus 'Marj 'S' '
Gladiolus 'Mirella'
Gladiolus 'Mr Chris'
Gladiolus 'Perth Pearl'
Gladiolus 'Pink
Elegance
'
Gladiolus 'Pinnacle'
Gladiolus 'Plaisir'
Gladiolus 'Prins Claus'
Gladiolus 'Raymond
'C' '

Gladiolus 'Rose Elf'
Gladiolus 'Ruth Ann'
Gladiolus 'Slick Chick'
Gladiolus 'Tesoro'
Gladiolus 'Tristis'
Gladiolus 'Whistle
Stop
'
 

N

 

Narcissus - Division 1:
Trumpet Daffodil
Cultivars
'Brabazon' 1Y-Y
'Bravoure' 1W-Y
'Dutch Master' 1Y-Y
'Golden Harvest' 1Y-Y
'Little Beauty' 1W-Y
'Rijnveld's Early
Sensation
' 1Y-Y
'Small Talk' 1Y-Y
'Spellbinder' 1Y-Y
 

 

Narcissus - Division 2:
Large-Cupped Daffodil Cultivars
'Altun Ha' 2YYW-W
'Armada' 2Y-O
'Border Beauty' 2Y-O
'Carlton' 2Y-Y
'Ceylon' 2Y-O
'Glen Clova' 2Y-ORR
'Home Fires'
'Ice Follies' 2W-Y
'Redhill' 2W-OR
'Romance' 2W-PPO
'Rustom Pasha' 2Y-O
'St. Keverne' 2Y-Y
 

 

Winter and Spring-Flowering Crocus
Crocus etruscus
Crocus flavus ssp. flavus 'Golden Yellow'

 

 

Cyclamen
cilicium

Cyclamen
coum
Cyclamen coum
'Album'

Cyclamen hederifolium

Narcissus - Division 3:
Small-Cupped Daffodil Cultivars
'Badbury Rings' 3Y-YYO
'Merlin' 3W-YYR
 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 4:
Double Daffodil
Cultivars
'Abba' 4W-O
'Replete' 4W-P
'Sir Winston
Churchill
' 4W-O

 

 

Narcissus - Division 5:
Triandrus Daffodil
Cultivars
'Hawera' 5Y-Y
 

 

 

Discs and Florets Flower Elaborated Shape

 

argyranthemumflocmadeirasantana1Disc - Many daisies are easy to grow and very free-flowering. The typical colour contrast between the disc and the surrounding rays creates a lively effect (Argyranthemum 'Maderia Santana'). Many daisies are excellent cut flowers.

Floret - helianthusfloannuus1Floret is a small or reduced flower, especially 1 of a cluster in a composite flower - such as the florets of a sunflower (The very small flowers in a ring inside the yellow petals of Helianthus annuus). It is also any of the tight, branched clusters of flower buds that together form a head of cauliflower or broccoli.

 

Narcissus - Division 6:
Cyclamineus Daffodil
Cultivars
'Beryl' 6Y-YYO
'February Gold' 6Y-Y
'Garden Princess' 6Y-Y
'Jack Snipe' 6W-Y
'Jetfire' 6Y-O
'Peeping Tom' 6Y-Y
'Spring Dawn' 6Y-Y
 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 7:
Jonquilla and Apodanthus Daffodil Cultivars
'Baby Moon' 7Y-Y Min
'Bell Song' 7W-P
'Golden Dawn' 7Y-O
'Kokopelli' 7Y-Y
'Pipit' 7Y-Y
'Quail' 7Y-Y
 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 8:
Tazetta Daffodil
Cultivars
'Falconet' 8Y-O
'Geranium' 8W-O
'Minnow' 8Y-Y
papyraceus 8W-W
 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 9:
Poeticus Daffodil
Cultivars
 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 10:
Bulbocodium Daffodil
Cultivars
"Golden Bells" 10Y-Y
subsp. obesus 10Y-Y
pseudonarcissus 10W-Y
pseudonarcissus
'Praecox'
10W-Y
 

 

 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 11:
Split-Corona Daffodil Cultivars
a) Collar Daffodils
'Cassata' 11aW-Y

 

 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 12:
Other Daffodil Cultivars
 

 

 

 

 

 

Narcissus - Division 13:
Daffodils distinguished solely by Botanical Name
asturiensis 13Y-Y
bulbocodium 13Y-Y
cyclamineus 13Y-Y
obvallaris 13Y-Y
poeticus var
physaloides
13W-GYO

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ivydene Horticultural Services logo with I design, construct and maintain private gardens. I also advise and teach you in your own garden. 01634 389677

 

Site design and content copyright ©April 2009.
Page structure amended November 2012. Colour Wheel clarified January 2013.
Feet changed to inches (cms) July 2015. Flower Thumbnails with Height/ Width added October 2015.
Foliage Thumbnails, Bulb Use and Comments added March 2016. Completed change from adding to mapping and index details March 2018

Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

 

 

There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:-

 

 


THE 2 EUREKA EFFECT PAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING SOIL AND HOW PLANTS INTERACT WITH IT OUT OF 10,000:-


Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos
(of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Choose 1 of these different Plant selection Methods:-

 

I like reading and that is shown by the index in my Library, where I provide lists of books to take you between designing, maintaining or building a garden and the hierarchy of books on plants taking you from

 

 

 

Functional combinations in the border from the International Flower Bulb Centre in Holland:-

"Here is a list of the perennials shown by research to be the best plants to accompany various flower bulbs. The flower bulbs were tested over a period of years in several perennial borders that had been established for at least three years.

In combination with hyacinths:

In combination with tulips:

In combination with narcissi:

For narcissi, the choice was difficult to make. The list contains only some of the perennials that are very suitable for combining with narcissi. In other words, narcissi can easily compete with perennials.

In combination with specialty bulbs:

 

UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given.

Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly.
 

Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in
A Butterfly Book for the Pocket by Edmund Sandars.
Published by Oxford University Press London: Humphrey Milford in 1939.
 

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Alder Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June
28 days.
12 days.

Aspen

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May
9 days in June.

Black Medic

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

Late August-April
April-June
1 Month

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Bitter Vetch

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Borage

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Bramble

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn

Holly Blue

Egg,


Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---


 

7 days.


28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn -
Alder Buckthorn and Common Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.

28 days.
12 days.

Burdocks

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed

Large White
 

Egg,


Caterpillar
Chrysalis

40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days.
30-32 days
14 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till April

Cabbages

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Hedge-Mustard,
Garlic-Mustard,
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress

Green-veined White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis


 

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---


 

July or August; hatches in 3 days.
16 days.
14 days in July or for caterpillars of August, they overwinter till May.

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Creeping Yellow-cress,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Dame's Violet,
Hedge-Mustard,
Horseradish,
Garlic-Mustard,
Lady's Smock,
Large Bittercress,
Rock-cress (Common Winter-Cress),
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress,
Wild Turnip

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Cherry with
Wild Cherry,
Morello Cherry and
Bird Cherry

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Pale Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Cocksfoot is a grass

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---


11 Months
3 weeks from May

Cow-wheat

(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Heath Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April



25 days in June.

Currants
(Red Currant,
Black Currant and Gooseberry)

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

 

Devilsbit Scabious

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 15 days in May-June.
July-May.



9 days in June.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April



April-June.

Dogwood

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Elm and Wych Elm

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome)

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

...
11 Months
3 weeks from May

Foxglove

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May



15 days in May.

Fyfield Pea

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Garden Pansy

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.
Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April


April-June.

Gorse

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Heartsease

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Hogs's Fennel

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September.


September-May.

Holly

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Honesty
(Lunaria biennis)

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Honeysuckle

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Hop

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

 

Horseshoe vetch

Adonis Blue




Chalk-Hill Blue


Berger's Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,


Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

---

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.


Eats leaves.

---

1 then
June-March or September to July
3 weeks.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month

8-10 days in Late May-June or Middle August-September
June-July or September to October
8-15 days

Ivy

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Kidney Vetch

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis
Butterfly

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---
Eats nectar.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month
20 days

Lucerne

Pale Clouded Yellow



Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis


Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.



1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mallows

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Melilot

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mignonettes

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Milk Parsley

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September


September-May

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Heath Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.



25 days in June.

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April.



25 days in April-May.

Nasturtium from Gardens

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days.
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Oak Tree

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Mountain pansy,
Seaside Pansy,
Field Pansy and Cultivated Pansy.
 

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

 

Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves of borage, sainfoin and heartsease, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September
 

3 weeks in September

Pine Tree

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on tree trunk.
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Plantains

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May



15 days in May.

Poplar

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Restharrow

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Rock-rose

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

Sainfoin

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September

3 weeks in September

Common Sallow (Willows, Osiers)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Sea Plantain

Glanville Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until middle of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until April-May.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April



25 days in April-May.

Snowberry

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---
 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Spindle-tree

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Stinging Nettle

Comma




Painted Lady



Peacock

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,


Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Dense mass of 450-500 eggs on the under side of leaves over a 2 hour period.
Eats leaves, and moves to another plant before pupating.
---






2 weeks in June.
7-11 days.
7-11 days.

14 days in April-May.


28 days.

13days.

Storksbill

Brown Argus

Egg,
Caterpillar

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

Thistles

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Vetches

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Vetches

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet

Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

Dark Green Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk.
Hibernates where it hatches.
Eats leaves.

Base of food plant.

July-August for 17 days.

Spends winter on plant until end of March. Eats leaves until end of May.
4 weeks.

Violets:-
Common Dog Violet,
Hairy Violet,
Heath Dog-violet

Pale Dog violet
Sweet Violet

High Brown Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base.
Feed on young leaves, stalks and stems
---

July to hatch in 8 months in March.
9 weeks ending in May.

4 weeks

Vipers Bugloss

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks.
7-11days.
7-11 days

Whitebeam
(White Beam)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wild Angelica

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September.


September-May

Willow
(Bay Willow)

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Wood-Sage

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

 

Plants used by the Butterflies

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Asters
in gardens

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

 

Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Aubretia in gardens

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Birch

Holly Blue

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Chalk-Hill Blue

Wood White

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days.


May-June.

30 days in May-June.

Bitter Vetch

Wood White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Bluebell

Holly Blue




Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.


June.



June-August.

Bramble

Comma

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

7 weeks in July-August.



June-August

Buddleias
in gardens

Comma

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May

Bugle

Wood White

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June.



June-August.



June-July.

Cabbage and cabbages in fields

Large White


Small White


Green-veined White

Orange Tip

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September.

A Month during May-June or second flight in late July-August.

May-June for 18 days.

Charlock

Painted Lady

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Painted Lady

Peacock

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.


July-October.

July-May.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Pale Clouded Yellow


Clouded Yellow


Berger's Clouded Yellow


Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-September.

Cow-wheat
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock)

Wood White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June

Dandelion

Holly Blue



Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

30 days in May-June.

Fleabanes

Common Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Greater Knapweed

Comma

Peacock

Clouded Yellow


Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-May.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months

Hawkbit

Marsh Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

30 days in May-June.

Heartsease

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-September

Hedge Parsley

Orange Tip

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

May-June for 18 days.

Hemp agrimony

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Horseshoe vetch

Adonis Blue

Chalk-Hill Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month.

20 days

Ivy

Painted Lady

Brimstone

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

Hibernates during winter months in its foliage.

July-October.

October-July

Lucerne

Painted Lady

Large White


Small White


Pale Clouded Yellow


Clouded Yellow


Berger's Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

1 Month in May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marigolds in gardens

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Marjoram

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Common Blue

Clouded Yellow

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September.

20 days in August.


3 weeks in May-September.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November

Michaelmas Daisies
in gardens

Comma

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October

Mignonettes

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September.

March-May or June-September

Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain)

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Nasturtiums in gardens

Large White


Small White

Butterfly

Eats nectar

April-June or July-September

March-May or June-September

Oak Tree

Holly Blue

Butterfly

Eats sap exuding from trunk.

April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation.

Primroses

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.



June-August.

Ragged Robin

Wood White

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

May-June.

June-July.

Scabious

Painted Lady

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-October.

July-May

Sedum

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats nectar

July-May

Teasels

Silver-washed Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

7 weeks in July-August.

Thistles -
Creeping Thistle, Dwarf Thistle, Marsh Thistle, Meadow Thistle, Melancholy Thistle, Milk Thistle,
Musk Thistle, Seaside Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Spear Thistle, Tuberous Thistle, Welted Thistle, Woolly Thistle

Comma

Painted Lady

Peacock

Swallowtail

Clouded Yellow


Brimstone

Silver-washed Fritillary

High Brown Fritillary

Dark Green Fritillary

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

July-October.

July-October.

July-May.

May-July.

May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November.

12 months.

7 weeks in July-August



June-August.


July-August for 6 weeks.


May-September.



June-August.

Thymes

Common Blue

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

3 weeks between May and September

Trefoils 1, 2, 3

Adonis Blue



Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

 

Eats nectar.
 

1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September

20 days in August.


June-July

Vetches

Chalk-Hill Blue

Glanville Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar.

20 days in August.


June-July.

Violets

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June.



June-August.

Wood-Sage

Heath Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats nectar

June-July

Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring

Peacock

Butterfly

Eats Nectar

April-May

Rotten Fruit

Peacock

Butterfly

Drinks juice

July-September

Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar

Large Tortoiseshell

Butterfly

Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April.

10 months in June-April

Wild Flowers

Large Skipper

Brimstone

Silver-washed Fritillary.

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Butterfly

Eats Nectar

June-August


12 months.

7 weeks in July-August.



May-September

Links to the other Butterflies:-

Black Hairstreak
Brown Hairstreak
Camberwell Beauty
Chequered Skipper
Dingy Skipper
Duke of Burgundy
Essex Skipper
Gatekeeper
Grayling
Green Hairstreak
Grizzled Skipper
Hedge Brown
Large Blue
Large Heath
Long-tailed Blue
Lulworth Skipper
Marbled White
Mazarine Blue
Meadow Brown
Monarch
Northern Brown Argus
Purple Emperor
Purple Hairstreak
Red Admiral
Ringlet
Scotch Argus
Short-tailed Blue
Silver-spotted Skipper
Silver-studded Blue
Small Copper
Small Heath
Small Mountain Ringlet
Small Skipper
Small Tortoiseshell
Speckled Wood
Wall Brown
White Admiral
White-letter Hairstreak

Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery.

Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND.
Please leave a small area in your garden for wildflowers to grow without disturbance throughout the year for the benefit of butterflies, moths and other wildlife who are dependant on them.

Butterfly
Usage of Plants
by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly

Wild Flower Family Page

(the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956

They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family.
These families within that book will have their details described in alphabetical order for both the family name and its plants.

The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield,
T.G. Tutin of University College, Leicester and
E.F. Warburg of University of Oxford. Printed by Cambridge at the University Press in 1952 for each plant in all the families)

 

When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, the wildlife in public parks is destroyed as is done in every managed park in the world.
Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school.

 

 

THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:-
"Of the original 186 flowering species (including sub-species), the 5 colour forms and the 8 unconfirmed species, (193 flowering species in total) only 55 have persisted throughout the 35 years of flailing since 1972. Of these 55 species:-
3 species are unchanged.
11 species have disastrously increased.
41 species are seriously reduced in number, most by over 90%. Of these, 18 are now increasing under the somewhat lighter flailing regime. 13 are still decreasing, and 35 have only a few specimens (from 1-12 plants) left.
Of the rest of the original species:-
37 species and 3 colour forms have disappeared, then reappeared after varying lengths of time. Of these, 20 have fewer than 6 plants, most of them only 1 or 2, and are liable to disappear again. Only 6 of the recovered species look capable of surviving in the longer term.
23 species have reappeared, then disappeared again due to being flailed before they could set seed or to being overcome by rank weeds.
Only 3 species have reappeared for a second time, and one of these has since disappeared for the third time.
68 species and 2 colour forms disappeared and have never reappeared to date (2008).
Of the 83 flowering species (excluding 11 rampant species) and 3 colour forms now present in the survey mile, around 50 are unlikely to survive there in the long term, certainly not in viable numbers, if flailing continues.
Unless the degradation of habitat, high fertility and spread of ivy and other rampant weeds can be reversed, it appears highly unlikely that more than a dozen or so of the lost floral species can ever safely return or be re-introduced.
The only birds sighted more than once so far this year along the mile have been magpie, rook, crow and buzzard, and a swallow (probably the same one each time) hunting between the hedges now and then at the sheltered eastern end of the mile. One wren heard June 21st, one blackbird seen June 27th (these also at the eastern end) and one greenfinch today July 31st. On this hot sunny high-summer day counted only 7 hedge brown butterflies (6 of them males), one red admiral and one large white. Half a dozen small bumblebees, two carder bees, half a dozen hoverflies of two common Eristalis species, one flesh fly, one scorpion fly and one dragonfly, Cordulegaster boltonii, not hunting, zooming straight down the road and disappearing into the distance.
Only 8 butterfly species so far this year, and only one specimen each of five of them (red admiral, speckled wood, large white, ringlet and large skipper, the latter seen only once since 1976). Only small white, hedge brown and speckled wood have managed to appear every year since the flail arrived.
For some years I have been noticing very small specimens particularly of hedge brown and speckled wood. This year nearly all the hedge browns seen in the mile ('all' being a dozen or so in total) are of this stunted size, some of the males appearing really tiny. I am wondering if this might be a response to general environmental stress, or due to inbreeding as flail-reduced numbers are so low. The hedge brown does not fly far from its hatching place so mating opportunity is now extremely limited. With the few species of insects now seen in the hedges there seems to be a high proportion of males to females, at least five to one.
So far this year only a single moth has come to the house lights. It was a Drinker, and it killed itself against the bulb before it could be saved.
September 21st. Most of the survey mile closely flailed today along both sides of the road.

End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
Times and attitudes have changed since the days when the flail first appeared on the scene. The plight of our once-so-diverse wildlife is officially recognised as a priority; agricultural grants may embrace conservation measures, and perhaps economic strictures will tend more to a live-and-let-live policy in future with less of the expensive, pointless and desecrating "tidying-up". We now have an enthusiastic generation keen to help nature recover its diversity, but often unsure as to how this is best achieved. [Please see CHL "Restoring Biodiversity in Cornish Hedges"] 21st September 2007.
There is still widespread ignorance of the effects of such destructive machinery as the flail-mower and other rotary trimmers and strimmers. Few people but the elderly now remember or understand the life that ought to be abundant in the everyday hedges, verges, field margins and waste places. The simple remedy of returning to the clean-cutting finger-bar scythe used in late winter, trimming alternate sides of the hedge in different years, not trimming green herbaceous growth and leaving the cut material (mainly dead stems and twigs) on or near the hedge, is largely unrealised. This wildlife-friendly type of trimmer is still available from some suppliers.
Cornwall County Council has changed from being (in this instance) the chief offender to employing said-to-be environmentally-aware officers concerned with reconciling conservation and development. In recent years the council has issued instructional leaflets about hedges and their wildlife, including one entitled Cornish Roadside Hedge Management (since altered, perhaps not entirely for the better). This leaflet largely embodied the principles that our petition of 1985 asked for. Ironically, it is no longer the council's employees who are carrying out the work. Although this advice is now available, it does not necessarily reach the farmers and contractors out on the job. The flails are still in destructive action at any time from June onwards, though on the whole the work does seem to be being done later rather than sooner. Some farmers are now correctly leaving it until January and early February, a good time to allot to road work while other farm jobs may have to wait for drier weather. Most farmers, despite the bad publicity they tend to suffer, truly wish to do the best they can for their wildlife. Sadly for all, the flail is still the universally-available tool.
Those ignorant of the flail's real effects may imagine that 'sensitive' use of it is all right, as some common plant and insect species return temporarily and a few others increase when the work is switched to the less damaging time of year and done lightly. In the longer term, this is delusive; even in winter an unacceptable number of individuals are killed at every flailing and the habitat still inexorably degrades. No matter how or when or how seldom the flail is used, species continue to die out.
Until naturalists and environmentalists understand the catastrophic and cumulative effects of the flail they will continue to say they don't know why, despite all well-intentioned efforts, the numbers and diversity of wild flowers, songbirds, bats, butterflies, moths and bumblebees are still falling.
Nature lovers have to stop thinking mainly in terms of schemes to benefit a handful of charismatic species at special sites, and start looking at what the flail and other rotary mowers have done to thousands upon thousands of acres of the British countryside and billions upon billions of its most essential, ordinary inhabitants. It has struck at the major heart of the core existence of our native species, slaughtering them wholesale in that very sanctuary of the hedges and verges. These species had already mostly gone from the rest of the local area; the hedges where they had all taken refuge were their last resort. The remnants of species and their precarious survivors are still being wiped out, smashed to death every time the flail is used. It is the utterly wrong tool for the job and it has to be scrapped.
A brand-new flail-mower operating in February 2008. Right time of year for trimming, wrong kind of trimmer. As long as it is manufactured and turned out into the roads and fields the flail will decimate wild flowers, massacre the small creatures remaining in the hedges and verges, destroy their habitat and ruin the ancient structure of Cornwall's hedges.
Since the last yellowhammer flew across the road in 1980, I have never seen another while walking the survey mile. Since the last grasshopper in July 1981, I have never seen or heard another in these hedges. Since all the other species this diary recorded absent disappeared, they have not been seen again except in the few instances stated in the text. Most of the remaining species are declining. Fewer than half of them are likely to survive in the longer term if present trends continue. The long-vanished flowering species are likely never to return, as repeated flailing before seeding has exhausted their dormant seed stocks. The survey mile is typically representative of a majority of Cornish roadside hedges.
The photographs - in the pdf in their website - illustrating many of the flowering species lost were not taken in the survey hedge,for the obvious reason that they were no longer there. Most were taken in the house's wild garden adjoining, while those that did not grow there were obtained only with extreme difficulty, by searching all over West Penwith in a roughly thirty-mile radius for un-flailed pockets of survival. Along the roadside hedges, in this whole distance I found just one or two plants or patches of only a few of the species sought - common toadflax, field scabious, tufted vetch, scentless mayweed, red clover, self-heal - species that before the flail were so commonly seen along the whole length of hundreds of hedges in West Cornwall, now growing only where for some unusual reason of situation the flail had missed.
Some of the photographs of invertebrate species killed out by the flail in the survey mile were taken in the garden adjoining, where, despite nurturing since pre-flail days, the majority have now disappeared due to over-predation. In the survey mile this year, for the first time since 1992, the hedges remained un-flailed throughout the summer, giving a few common invertebrates the chance to reappear. No adult moth is illustrated because only half a dozen individuals were seen during the whole summer season of 2007, unfortunately at moments when the camera was not in my hand or they were fluttering out of reach. The drinker caterpillar alone was found posing beautifully and goes down to posterity as the only visible surviving moth larva noted in the survey mile this year, illustrating the millions of his kind killed by the flail.
Along this one typical mile of Cornish lane alone my records show that the flail has been the outright death or caused the persisting non-appearance of

  • 90 flowering herbaceous species,
  • 5 shrub species,
  • 20 grass species,
  • 60 moss species,
  • 40 bird species,
  • 23 butterfly species,
  • 250 larger moth species,
  • many scores of other invertebrate species, and untold thousands of individuals.
  • It has condemned the hedge itself to a long-term, silent, living death, wrecked its antique stone construction and destroyed its great beauty. Along the whole of the estimated 30,000 miles of Cornish hedges the deaths of individual plants and creatures from flail-battering and the loss of their generations represent truly astronomical figures. The degradation of habitat resulting from flailing prevents revival in most species even where a few individuals manage to escape the physical impact of the flails. Although the effect in Cornwall with its solid hedge-banks and their more complex ecology may be worse than with the English hedgerow, the flail-induced wildlife crisis is nation-wide - and still almost universally unrecognised or unacknowledged.
  • There is no hope of recovery for our countryside wildlife until the flail type of machine is consigned to the black museum of history. To achieve this it will probably have to be banned by law.
  • The finger-bar scythe has to be reinstated and any trimming (except where needed for road-junction or access visibility) must be carried out in winter, the later the better between November 1st and February 28th. Trimming must take away the woody scrub growth on the sides of the hedge, leaving the herbaceous growth on the sides and the bushes on the top untouched. Only then can the flail-ruined hedges and verges begin to see a real return to some kind of healthy and abundant life."

CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
"This check-list is a simple guide to the herbaceous plants typically indicating different habitat types found in the Cornish hedge. The short lists are of typical plants, not complete species lists for the habitat. Many of the plants in the Typical Hedge list also appear in the other types of hedge. Areas of intermediate population where location or physical conditions begin to change and habitats overlap are not included.
Hedge Type:-

  • Typical Cornish Hedge (woodland-edge/ heathland mixture)
  • Coastal Hedge
  • Moorland/ Heathland Hedges
  • Woodland Hedge
  • Wet Hedge (marsh or ditch)
  • Stone Hedge (Earth capping but with stone core)
  • Typical garden escapes in Cornish Hedges
  • Typical species rampant in flail-damaged hedges

Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-

  • Advice for Working on Roadside Hedges
  • Building Hedges in Cornwall
  • Building Turf Hedges
  • Building and Repairing Cornish Stone Stiles
  • Butterflies, Moths and Other Insects in Cornish Hedges
  • Check-list for Inspecting New or Restored Hedges in Cornwall
  • Check-list of Types of Cornish Hedge Flora
  • Code of Good Practice for Cornish Hedges
  • Comments on the © Defra Hedgerow Survey Handbook (1st Edition)
  • Comments on the © Defra Hedgerow Survey Handbook (2nd Edition)
  • Cornish Hedges in Gardens
  • Cornish Hedges on Development and Housing Sites
  • Gates and Gateways in Cornish hedges
  • Geology and Hedges in Cornwall
  • Glossary of some Cornish Words used in the Countryside
  • Hedges in the Cornish Landscape
  • How to Look After a Cornish Hedge
  • How Old is That Cornish Hedge?
  • Literature Sources
  • Mediaeval Hedges in Cornwall (450AD - 1550)
  • Modern Hedges in Cornwall (1840 - present day)
  • Mosses, Lichens, Fungi and Ferns in Cornish Hedges
  • Pipe-laying and Other Cross-country Works Involving Hedges
  • Post-Mediaeval Hedges in Cornwall (1550 - 1840)
  • Prehistoric Hedges in Cornwall (5,000BC - 450AD)
  • Repairing Cornish Hedges and Stone Hedges
  • Repairing Turf Hedges
  • Risk Assessment Guidance for working on Cornish Hedges
  • Roadside Hedges and Verges in Cornwall
  • The Curse of Rabbits in Cornish Hedges
  • The Life and Death of a Flailed Cornish Hedge
  • Trees on Hedges in Cornwall
  • Unusual Old Features in Cornish Hedges
  • Who Owns that Cornish Hedge?
  • Wildlife and the Cornish Hedge

THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges."
 

 

 

Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations

The following Container Gardening for Wildlife is from Appendix 1 of The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

 

"It is quite possible to entice wildlife into even the most unpromising paved areas by utilising containers. Several mini-habitats can be created by growing a carefully selected range of trees, shrubs and flowers in pots, tubs, window boxes and hanging baskets.
If the space is enclosed by walls or high fences, it is important to let the passing wildlife know that this area is a source of food and shelter. Aim to add height and greenery with a small native tree grown in a good-sized wooden barrel and add 1 or 2 berry-bearing shrubs. Clothe the walls in climbers for nesting birds and introduce nectar-rich flowers for the insects. Finally, put up a nesting box amongst the climbers and find a place for a feeding table in winter and a bird bath in the summer. Despite the lack of grass and full-size trees, a surprising range of creatures will begin to inhabit this new garden.

DON'T FORGET HERBS

Herbs are amongst the most useful wildlife plants, including borage, mint, chives and rosemary, and are ideally suited to container growing. Do allow them to flower though, even at the expense of a continuous supply of leaves for cooking.

 

FOUR-SEASON WINDOW BOX

Try planting a window box with the following selection of evergreens, perennials, bulbs and bedding plants, for an all-the-year-round display.

WINTER
Ivy, hellebores, snowdrops

SPRING
Ivy, yellow crocus and grape hyacinths

SUMMER
Ivy, white alyssum and dwarf lavender

AUTUMN
Ivy, meadow saffron.

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX 2 has a Traditional Wildlife Garden Plan and a Garden Plan for Urban Wildlife.

STEP-BY-STEP CONTAINER PLANTING

Make sure the container has adequate drainage holes and that they are free of obstruction.

Put a layer of broken clay pots or crockery over the base of the container.

Half-fill with a multi-purpose potting compost.

Place the plants in position and fill around the root ball with more compost. Press down firmly.

Water well and add more compost if necessary, to bring the level up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the rim of the container.
 

Use the self-watering containers and potting mix detailed in the Vegetable Gallery Site Map Page rather the the pots or multi-purpose potting compost detailed above. Provide an outside water tap and watering can, so that you can irrigate the pots without traipsing the can through the house.

 

NOTE
To boost the wildlife habitat in a concrete yard, make a pile of logs in one corner. As the wood begins to break down, it will house beetles, spiders and slugs - great food for birds. The cool, damp habitat may be secluded enough to offer daytime cover to a toad, or possibly frogs and newts from a nearby pond.

RECOMMENDED PLANTS

TREES
Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia 'Fastigiata') Dwarf form (120 inches (300 cms)). Flowers for insects and berries for birds.

Willow (Salix caprea 'Pendula') Weeping form (120 inches (300 cms)). Catkins for insects, young leaves for caterpillars.

SHRUBS
Buddleia davidii (120 inches (300 cms)) Nectar from flowers for butterflies.

Cotoneaster 'Hybridus Pendulus' (120 inches (300 cms)) Berries and flowers.

Hawthorn (Craaegus monogyna) (180 inches (500 cms)) can be pruned hard to keep it within bounds. Secure nesting sites for birds. Berries and flowers.

Holly (Ilex aquifolium) (to 180 inches (500 cms)) a male and female bush are needed to be sure of berries. Nesting cover for birds.

Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia) Scented and attracts bees, flowers.

--->


 

CLIMBERS
Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) Summer wall and fence cover. Has nectar and flowers.

Ivy (Hedera helix) All-year-round wall and fence cover. Has nectar and flowers.

FLOWERS FOR NECTAR
Alyssum
Candytuft (Iberis)
Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus).
Nicotiana
Night-scented stock (Matthiola bicornis).
Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis).

 

PLAN OF A SMALL ENCLOSED PATIO WITH CONTAINERS
Exit doorway on left with window on its left and window box outside window. Group of pots between door and window. Another group of pots in corner after window with one of the pots containing a tree. A wall basket between that corner and the corner on the right where a barrel with ivy is growing up the wall. A bench is half-way down to the bottom right corner with its pot group and a pile of logs. A bird table is half-way across to the bottom left corner with its large pot." - Use a 4 inch (10 cm) plastic pipe through the wall to allow non-flying creatures access from the public area outside to your garden area.

The following Growing Marsh Plants in Containers is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

Where space is limited, or simply as an alternative to conventional patio plants, it is possible to grow moisture-loving species in pots and tubs. The container needs to retain water - a terracotta pot which has a porouus structure would not be suitable, but a glazed ceramic pot would work well. Plastic pots can also be used - like the self-watering containers detailed in the Vegetable Gallery Site Map Page. Choose a pot at least 12 (30) deep and 16 (40) across. The best way to ensure the compost stays wet is to stand the whole pot in a substantial tray of water, so that the marsh can draw up moisture as it is needed (there is a water reservoir in the self-watering pots detailed above). Ordinary plant saucers will not hold enough water, and something deeper like a large kitchen roasting tin, which may not look so elegant, will do the job more effectively.
Spring is an ideal time to plant moisture-loving plants. Fill the container with a loam-based potting compost, insert the plants and water until soaked. Choose plants that won't outgrow the limited space too quickly. Include a selection of tall-growing species like purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), sweet flag (Acorus calamus) and ragged robin (Lychnis flos-cuculi) alongside smaller plants like bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) and x-lips (Primula elatior). Avoid lady's smock (Cardamine pratensis) and water mint (Mentha aquatica) which can spread too quickly.
Keep the water in the base tray topped up, using rainwater collected in a water butt where possible. Keeping the tray full of water is particularly important in long, hot, dry spells, although in spring and autumn the naturall rainfall will probably be adequate. Cut back the foliage in the autumn to prevent the pots becoming choked with decaying material. Repot the plants every 2 or 3 years when they start to outgrow their containers. In the second year after planting, the plants may have used up the nutrients in the compost and will need an extra boost from a slow-release fertiliser.

MOISTURE-LOVING NATIVE PLANTS
Plant / Use of Plant

 

Height


 

 

Flower Colour

 

Flowering Time
 

Bog Bean (Menyanthes trifoliata) /
Moths

10 (25)

White

Mid-Summer

Globe Flower
(Trollius europaeus /

24 (60)

Yellow

Early Summer

Oxlip
(Primula elatior) /
Bee plant,
Butterfly nectar plant

6 (15)

Pale Yellow

Late spring

Primrose
(Primula vulgaris) /
Butterfly nectar plant

4 (10)

Pale Yellow

Mid-spring

Purple Loosestrife
(Lythrum salicaria) /
Bee plant,
Butterfly nectar plant

36 (90)

Pink-purple

Summer

Ragged Robin
(Lychnis flos-cuculi) /
Butterfly nectar plant

24 (60)

Pink

Summer

Sweet Flag
(Acorus calamus) /
 

24 (60)

Green

Mid-summer

Bog Arum
(Calla palustris) /

Naturalised in places in Britain

6 (15)

Yellow-green

Summer

Hemp Agrimony
(Eupatorium cannabinum) /
Bee plant,
Butterfly nectar plant

48 (120)

Reddish-pink

Late summer

Lady's Smock
(Cardamine pratensis) /
Attractive to Hoverflies,
Caterpillar food plant,
Butterfly nectar plant

9 (23)

Pale pink

Spring

Marsh Betony
(Stachys palustris) /
Bee plant

12 (30)

Purple

Summer

Marsh Cinquefoil
(Potentilla palustris) /
 

9 (23)

Dark red

Summer

Marsh St John's Wort
(Hypericum elodes) /

6 (15)

Pale yellow

Summer

Meadowsweet
(Filipendula ulmaria) /

36 (90)

Creamy-white

Summer

The following Planning a Herb Bed or Garden is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

TOP HERBS FOR WILDLIFE
Although there are a huge number of culinary and medicinal herbs which can be grown, not all are relevant to wildlife. The herbs in the fourth column describe the best herbs for attracting garden wildlife.

PREPARING THE SITE
The best location for a herb bed is one which gets a lot of sun and where the soil is already well drained. Most herbs dislike getting waterlogged roots and can tolerate almost drought conditions - in fact, those like rosemary and marjoram with Mediterranean ancestry, improve in taste, scent and flower growth in a sunny location.

If the soil is not ideal (heavy clay for instance), it is possible to add some coarse grit to aid drainage. However, it might be smpler and more productive to grow the herbs in pots - like the self-watering containers detailed in the Vegetable Gallery Site Map Page, putting in a good layer of gravel before adding the compost.

The ground should be dug thoroughly, removing any weeds --->

and large stones. Lay brick paths, edging tiles or wooden dividers before planting the herbs.

HERBS FOR LESS-THAN-IDEAL CONDITIONS
Although most herbs prefer a sunny position in a well-drained soil, there are some which will tolerate shade and a heavier soil. The resulting plants may not do as well but there is no need to give up the idea of growing herbs altogether and the wildlife will still find them useful.

Mint (Mentha) can tolerate shade although it does tend to grow towards the light and become crooked and leggy.

Tansy (Tanecetum vulgare) is an excellent native plant for butterflies and it is not too fussy about growing conditions.

Lovage (Levisticum officinale), a relative of the fennel, is also worth growing for its young leaves which add a celery flavour to soups and stews. It will grow quite adequately in a dark, damp spot and the flowers produced, although not as abundant as they should be, will provide nectar for hoverflies, wasps and bees.

Comfrey (Symphytum x uplandicum) should be included purely for its leaves which are a reliable food source for moth and butterfly caterpillars.

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is another strong grower in less than ideal conditions. Its white or pale yellow flowers rely on bees for their pollination.

--->

Garden chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium) is an annual herb, greatly prized for the flavour of its parsley-like leaves. It will tolerate some shade, but prefers a well-drained soil.

Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis) is a tall native herb that prefers a damp habitat and a heavy clay soil. The tiny crimson flowers appear from mid-summer to early autumn.

Angelica (Angelica archangelica), originally from central Europe, is widely naturalised in Britain. It will do well in a shady spot in damp soil and has huge seedheads in early autumn.

PLANTING AND MAINTENANCE CALENDAR
Late Summer - prepare site

Autumn - Plant shrubs and pot-grown perennials

Spring - Sow seeds of annuals

Late Spring - Sow seeds of biennials

Summer - Keep beds free of weeds; water container plants. Adas Colour Atlas of Weed Seedlings by J.B Williams and J.R. Morrison provides photos to the 40 most common weeds afflicting gardens and arable farm land. ISBN 0-7234-0929-3

Instead of snipping off the flowers as they appear, leave a few plants of parsley, mint, marjoram and lemon balm to flower naturally. Many more insects will visit the plants and consequently the herb garden will be a richer feeding ground for birds.

TOP HERBS FOR WILDLIFE
Herb - Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
Type - Biennial
wildflower value - Flowers - hoverflies, bees.
Leaves - butterflies, caterpillars.
Seedheads - greenfinches, bluetits

Borage (borago officinalis)
Annual
Flowers - bees

Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
Perennial
Flowers - bees, butterflies

Comfrey (Symphytum uplandicum)
Perennial
Leaves - moths, butterflies

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare0
Perennial
Flowers - bees, wasps, hoverflies
Leaves - caterpillars

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)
Perennial
Flowers - lacewings, bees

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)
Shrub
Flowers - bees, butterflies

Marjoram (Origanum vulgare)
Perennial
Flowers - bees, butterflies

Mint (Mentha - all types)
Perennial
Flowers - bees, butterflies, moths

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
Shrub
Flowers - bees, butterflies, hoverflies

Thyme (Thymus - all types)
Perennial / shrub
Flowers - bees, butterflies

The following Recommended Bulbs is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

RECOMMENDED BULBS
Name - Bluebell (Scilla non-scripta)
Use of plant - Bee plant, Butterfly nectar plant
Site - Hedgerows, woodland
Depth of soil above the bulb - 2 (5)

Crocus (Purple) (Crocus tomasinianus)
Butterfly nectar plant
Lawns, borders, under deciduous trees. 3 (8)

Crocus (Yellow) (Crocus chrysanthus)
Butterfly nectar plant
Lawns, borders, under deciduous trees. 3(8)

Grape Hyacinth (Muscari neglectum)
Bee plant, Butterfly nectar plant.
Lawns, borders.
3 (8)

Ramsons Garlic (Allium ursinum)
Butterfly nectar plant. 3 (8)

Snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)
Under deciduous trees, shady borders. 2 (5)

Wild Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)
Bee plant.
Lawns, banks. 3 (8)

Winter Aconite (Eranthis hyemalis)
Under deciduous trees, shady borders. 2 (5)

The following Incorporating Wildfflowers into an existing lawn is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

INCORPORATING WILDFLOWERS INTO AN EXISTING LAWN
There are basically 2 ways of doing this, both of which can be implemented in early autumn. The first involves sowing seed, the second planting pot-grown plants. Whichever method is chosen, the best results will be obtained with a lawn that is already patchy and weak in growth. The lush green grass of a well-fed lawn is likely to swamp any wildflowers that are introduced.

SOWING WILDFLOWER SEED INTO AN EXISTING LAWN
Begin by giving the lawn a thorough raking with a metal rake to remove moss, dead grass and leaves. Water thoroughly and sow the seed at the manufacturer's recommended rate.

ADDING POT-GROWN WILDFLOWERS TO AN EXISTING LAWN
After the last cut of the season is a good time to put in pot-grown wildflowers. More and more nurseries are stocking wildflowers in pots, but remember to choose species which will suit your intended regime of meadow maintenance. Place the plants in groups, with individual plants 8-16 (20-40) apart. Remove a plug of earth the same size as the pot, using a bulb planter or trowel. Knock the plants from their pots and place them in the holes, firming down the soil and watering well afterwards.

TYPICAL MEADOW MIXTURE
20% Flowering native perennials (as below)
40% Crested dog-tail (native grass)
30% Fescue (non-native grass)
10% Bent (lawn grass)

SPRING-FLOWERING MEADOW PERENNIALS
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)
Cowslip (Primula veris)
Lady's bedstraw (Galium verum)
Meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris)

SUMMER-FLOWERING MEADOW PERENNIALS
Betony (stachys officinalis)
Bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
Field scabious (Knautia arvensis)
Greater Knapweed
(Centaurea scabiosa)
Meadow cranesbill (Geranium pratense)
Musk mallow (Malva moschata)
Ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
Rough hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus)
Selfheal (Prunella vulgaris)

 

Lindum Turf sell wildflower Mats for your new wildflower lawn instead of part of your old lawn

as
well as
Lindum's Wildflower Mat on Lindum's extensive green roof substrate for use as a Wildflower Green Roof

or
could be used to create a wildflower lawn on a back garden, whose ground is currently covered in concrete, tarmac, brick or stone.

The following Establishing a 'No Go' Area is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

It is important to nominate a part of the garden as a 'no-go' area for humans, which can be left deliberately untidy. Usually this is some spot well away from the house and preferably shielded by shrubs or trees, but it might equally be behind a garden shed or garage.

 

THE WOODPILE
Old untreated timber or unwanted logs can be piled up to provide shelter for a range of creatures. Choose a shady spot to prevent the wood from drying out in the sun. If possible, use a mixture of native woods such as elm, oak or ash which will guarantee a wider range of insect species. Logs 6-9 (15-23) in diameter make a good pile.

The first wildlife to inhabit the pile will probably be fungi in the early autumn, but in time it will become home to spiders, beetles, wood wasps, solitary bees, slugs and snails. These will then attract bird predators, particularly wrens and blackbirds, who will pick over the pile in search of a meal. The insects will also provide food for wood mice, voles and hedgehogs.

First-year newts, after leaving the pond, may well spend large amounts of time in the damp shelter of a log pile.

---->

GROWING NETTLES FOR BUTTERFLIES
Stinging nettles are the caterpillar food plants for commas, peacocks, red admirals, and small tortoiseshells who all rely on nettle leaves and shoots for their survival. If there is an existing nettle patch, this may need to be contained with a fence, wall or path. Better still, clumps of nettles can be transferred to large tubs or barrels sunk into the ground to prevent the roots from encroaching into the garden proper.

As the emerging caterpillars prefer fresh, new leaves to feed on, it is a good idea to cut back half the patch in early or mid-summer to encourage new growth. This is particularly important for commas and small tortoiseshells who regularly have 2 broods a year - the first in the spring, the second in mid-summer. The adults will seek out the new shoots to lay their eggs.

Nettles can be introduced into the garden if they are not growing naturally. In late winter, dig up some roots about 4 (10) long which are bearing yound shoots. Bury the roots in pots of garden soil and keep cutting back the shoots to 3 (7.5). By late spring the new plants can be put out into the untidy area.

The life-cycle of many butterflies extends over much of the year, so if you can put the plants that are used in its 4 stages in that untidy area, then it is more likely that you will see the butterfly, since YOU WILL NEVER BE TIDYING UP THAT NO-GO AREA. ---->

LEAF PILES AND HEDGEHOG HABITATS
if hedgehogs are to take up residence in the garden, they need a dry, secure place for hibernation from late autumn to early spring. A pile of dead leaves or garden prunings heaped into a corner will often be acceptable, but it is also possible to contruct a hibernation 'box'.

Use an upturned wooden box (untreated wood) and cut an entrance out of one of the side panels, 4-5 (10-12) square. This is large enough to allow the hedgehog to enter but small enough to prevent dogs or foxes getting in.

A covered entrance tunnel can also be constructed using 2 rows of house bricks stood on their sides and a plank of wood. This helps to keep the interior of the box dry, but is not essential.

Cover the box with a sheet of polythene to keep out the rain, and a mound of dry leaves or brushwood to disguise the exterior. Add a handful of straw or dry leaves as bedding.

HABITAT BOOSTERS
Asheet of corrugated iron does not look very attractive, but if you happen to have one lying around, it is worth keeping. As the sun warms the metal, the 'tunnels' beneath become inviting resting quarters for slow worms and grass snakes. Equally, an old paving slab laid over a hollow in the ground and in a shady spot makes a damp hiding place for frogs and toads.

The following Planting in Gravel and Paving is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

Many plants enjoy the dry growing conditions and refected warmth of gravel, stone chippings or paving. It is relatively easy to incorporate native species into existing paving schemes or to lay areas of gravel.

MAKING A GRAVEL BED
The underlying soil should be well-drained and gritty. If it is too heavy, mix it with equal parts of rock chippings or gravel. If the ground area is concrete/ tarmac/ stone/ paver or brick, cover the area with a layer of equal parts of top dressing and stone chippings to a 2 (5cm) depth, before continuing as below.

Cover the area with a layer of sand 1 (2.5) deep.

Finish the bed with a 1 (2.5) layer of gravel or 0.25 (0.5) stone chippings.

Water plants well before removing them from their pots. Use a narrow trowel to make holes the same size as the root ball and firm them in gently.

Water new plants thoroughly and sprinkle more gravel over the surface if necessary

PLANTING IN PAVING
If new paths or patios are to be laid, it is worth considering leaving some gaps between the paving stones as planting pockets. If the stones are already laid, it is still possible to incorporate a wide range of species.

The simplest way is to take up some of the stones, perhaps create a chequeboard effect. This is better done in a random pattern, rather than taking out every other stone. The earth beneath the stones shuld be workable and weed-free. Dig out the earth to a depth of 6-9 (15-23) and mix with an equal quantity of gravel or stone chippings. Replace the soil mixture and plant in the normal way.

Brick paths or patios can be planted in the same way. Take out any bricks that are already damaged or crumbling and fill the gaps as above.

PLANTS FOR PAVING AND GRAVEL
The following plants will thrive in a shallow, well-drained soil in full sun and will self-seed easily:

Broom
(Cytisus scoparius)
Native or naturalised species, Bee plant

Common Toadflax
Native or naturalised species, Bee plant

Globe Thistle
(Echinops sphaerocephalus)
Bee plant, Butterfly nectar plant

Great Mullein
(Verbascum phlomoides)
Native or naturalised species, Large number of associated insects

Hawkweed
(Hieracium murorum)
Native or naturalised species

Lady's Bedstraw
(Galium verum)
Native or naturalised species

Maiden Pink
(Dianthus deltoides)
Native or naturalised species

Thyme
(Thymus species) Especially the native Thymus praecox
Bee plant

Trailing St John's Wort
(Hypericum humifusum)
Native or naturalised species

White Campion
(Silene latifolia)
Native or naturalised species

Yarrow
(Achillea millefolium)
Native or naturalised species

The following Constructing a Rock Bank is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

If the garden has no manmade rock garden or natural outcrops of rock for planting, it is possible to make a rock bank to provide a useful wildlife habitat. This is a simple construction and far less costly than a full-scale rock garden.

Stack the stones randomly to form a double-sided wall to the desired height and length.

Between each layer of stones, add a mixture of stone chippings or gravel and loam potting compost (this makes a good growing medium for rock plants, but if not available any poor, stony garden soil can be substituted). There are better soil mixtures detailed for many rock garden plants in Colour Wheel Rock Gallery.

Leave some gaps between the stones without any soil, to allow access to the interior for small mammals and creatures.

Lay more stones or rocks across the top of the structure to form a 'lid'. The planting pockets can be planted with any of the rock or wall plants listed in the next column and the column below it.

RECOMMENDED PLANTS FOR ROCK BANKS AND GARDENS
Plant - Cheddar Pink
(Dianthus gratiano-poliatanus)
Flower - Early Summer
Height - 8 (20)
Wildlife value - Moths, butterflies

Common Pink
(Dianthus plumarius)
Summer 8 (20)
Bees

Hairy Thyme
(Thymus praecox)
Summe 3-4 (8-10)
Bees

Harebell
(Campanula rotundifolia)
Late summer
12 (30)
Bees

Hebe 'Autumn Glory'
Autumn
24-36 x 24-36
(60-90 x 60-90)
Butterflies

Hebe 'Carl Teschner'
Summer
12 x 24-36
(30 x 60-90)
Hoverflies, bees

Herb Robert
(Geranium robertianum)
Summer 12 (30)
Bees

Ling (Heather)
(Calluna vulgaris)
Late summer
12-24 x (30-60 x )
Ground cover for birds, grass snakes and slow worms

Purple Saxifrage
(Saxifraga oppositifolia)
Summer 3 (8)
Butterflies, bees

Rock Rose
Bees, insects

Spring Gentian
Butterflies, bees

The following Planting a Native Hedge is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

Different types of hedges were planted for different purposes: a double hedge would mark an important boundary whilst a hedge designed to contain livestock would be particularly impenetrable at the base. Almost incidentally they became shelters and pathways for wildlife, harbouring birds, mammals and insects. In the garden, a hedge of native species can serve both as a wildlife provider and as an effective division between neighbouring plots.

CHOOSING THE SPECIES
The use of only 1 species in a hedge as a wildlife corridor is limited. A mixed hedge provides a much wider resource and a greater number of animal and flower species will soon become associated with it. A balanced hedge might include a large proportion of one of the mainstay species such as hawthorn, which forms a dense, thorny structure, as well as blossoms and berries. This may be interspersed with 4 or 5 other species which flower and fruit at different times, and should include at least 1 evergreen to provide shelter in winter.

TREES/SHRUBS SUITABLE FOR HEDGING

Alder Buckthorn
(Frangula alnus)
Deciduous, fruit

Beech
(Fagus sylvatica)
Slow-growing, deciduous, autumn colour

Blackthorn
(Prunus spinosa)
Deciduous, blossom, fruit

Crab Apple
(Malus sylvestris)
Deciduous, blossom, fruit

Dog Rose
(Rosa canina)
Deciduous, blossom, hips

Elm
(Ulmus procera)
Deciduous

Field Maple
(Acer campestre)
Deciduous, autumn colour

Hawthorn
(Crataegus monogyna)
Deciduous, blossom, berries

Hazel
(Corylus avellana)
Deciduous, catkins, nuts

Holly
(Ilex aquifolium)
Slow-growing, evergreen, berries

Wild Privet
(Ligustrum ovalifolium)
Quick-growing, evergreen

Yew
(Taxus baccata)
Slow-growing, evergreen

HOW TO PLANT A HEDGE

Choose two-year-old seedlings, which are large enough to handle, but should not need staking.

Mark out the length of the hedge with canes and string. It does not have to be a straight line, a curving hedge works just as well.

Dig a trench in front of the line, 24 (60) wide and 18 (45) deep, running the entire length of the proposed hedge. Remove weed roots and large stones whilst digging.

Add a layer of organic matter (garden compost or well-rotted manure) and mix with the loose soil at the bottom of the trench.

Set the plants, 12-18 (30-45) apart and at the same depth as they were in the nursery (shown by the soil mark on the stem), adding more soil to the bottom of the trench, if necessary, to ensure the plant will sit at the right depth.

Holding the plant upright, fill around the roots with loose soil, until it reaches the soil mark, firming it down well.

IMMEDIATE AFTERCARE

Water the new plants thoroughly, making sure the water soaks down around the roots. Cut back the top and side growths by at least one third - this will encourage side branching and bushy growth.

WILDLIFE USES FOR HEDGING

Caterpillars of brimstone butterflies feed on alder buckthorn.

Blackthorn, hawthorn, hazel and privet provide nectar for many species of butterfly.

Thrushes, dunnocks, garden warblers and finches use the hedgerow for nesting

Hedgehogs, voles and woodmice shelter and feed in the hedge bottom.

Hawthorn, blackthorn and holly provide berries for birds in winter

FLOWERING WALL PLANTS
Small-leaved Cotoneaster
(Cotoneaster microphyllus)
Fruit / berries / nuts for birds / mammals

Hoary Cinquefoil
(Potentilla argentea)
Butterfly nectar plant, Bee plant

Houseleek
(Sempervivum tectorum)
Large number of associated insects

Ivy-leaved Toadflax
(Cymbalaria muralis)
Butterfly nectar plant, Bee plant

London Pride
(Saxifraga x urbinum)
Butterfly nectar plant

Red Valerian
(Centranthus ruber)
Native or naturalised species

Round-leaved Cranesbill
(Geranium rotundifolium)
Native or naturalised species

Stonecrops
Biting stonecrop (sedum acre)
White stonecrop
(Sedum album)
Butterfly nectar plants

Wallflower
(Cheiranthus cheiri)
Butterfly nectar plant

Wall Rocket
(Diplotaxis tenuifolia)
Bee plant

Arabis
(Arabis albida)
Bee plant, Butterfly nectar plant.

Yellow Corydalis
(Corydalis lutea)
 

The following Planting a Native Hedge is from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993. ISBN
0 7153 0033 4 :-

MAINTENANCE

Each spring, whilst the hedge is still forming, prune the top and side shoots by one third. Do not leave the central stem to grow to the desired height of the hedge before cutting back. Regular pruning will ensure that by the time the hedge does reach its final height, it will have developed a strong, dense framework

It is a good idea to apply a mulch of garden compost, leaf mould or chopped bark around the plants each spring (if you have trees growing besides the public road on its verge, then in the autumn when its leaves fall to the ground below, you can use your rotary mower to mow them up and put them as a mulch in the the hedge bottom.). This will discourage weeds (which may strangle the young hedge) and form a good environment for hedgerow plants and microscopic creatures. Adas Colour Atlas of Weed Seedlings by J.B Williams and J.R. Morrison provides photos to the 40 most common weeds afflicting gardens and arable farm land. ISBN 0-7234-0929-3

CLIPPING

The main difference between conventional hedge care and those managed for wildlife is in the clipping. Wildlife hedges should never be clipped before nesting is completely finished; usually it is safe to do so in late summer or early autumn, but in doubt, leave until the winter.

WILDLIFE TO EXPECT

Blackbirds, thrushes, dunnocks, sparrows, greenfinches and bullfinches all prefer the dense, protected growth of a hedge to any other nesting site. They will be joined in the summer, by shy, ground-feeding wrens, who search the leaf litter beneath the hedge for spiders and other insects. Many other garden birds like tits and robins will use the hedge simply as a convenient perch, for picking off caterpillars from the leafy growth. The hedge foliage is a particularly good breeding ground for moths such as the privet hawkmoth, garden spiders who leave their mark in the shape of finely woven webs and the often heard, but rarely seen, bush cricket. At ground level, the wildlife residents are most likely to be hedgehogs, wood mice and bank voles, although toads and frogs often hide in the shelter of a hedge bottom. In time a native hedge will become a busy wildlife corridor offering shelter, food and a convenient route from one part of the garden to another

HEDGEROW FLOWERS

Although the soil at the base of the hedge may be poor, a surprising number of wildflowers seem to thrive here. The orientation of the hedge will determine which flowers may be grown. South-facing hedges receive a good deal of sun whilst north faces may be in almost complete shade. Choose a selection of plants to suit the position of your hedge.
Most of the hedgerow flowers tolerate a dry, poor soil, but 1 or 2 such as primroses and lesser celandines need to be kept moist. Unless the hedge is by a stream or pool, it is unlikely that their needs will be met; they would be happier in a damp ditch or marshy area.
Pot-grown plants can be planted out any time from spring to autumn. In the first 2 years of the hedge's growth, avoid putting in the taller plants, such as sweet cicely, which may compete with the new hedging. It is also advisable to wait until the hedge is well-established (5 years or more) before putting in hedgerow climbers, like traveller's joy (Clematis vitalba). Its scrambling habit is ideal for dense, well-grown hedges, but it can easily strangle younger plants.
It is best to use small, healthy plants for the hedge bottom and not seedlings, whose roots may not be sufficiently developed to cope with the poor soil. Insert the new plants with a trowel and water thoroughly. Water regularly for the first 2 weeks - particularly if there is a hot, dry spell.

RECOMMENDED NATIVE HEDGEROW FLOWERS

Plant - Betony (Stachys officinalis)
Type - Perennial
Position -Sun or shade
Soil - Any
Wildlife value - bees, butterflies

Bluebell
(Scilla non-scripta)
Bulb
Sun or shade
Any
Bees, butterflies

Common Dog Violet
(Viola riviana)
Perennial
Part shade
Any
Caterpillar food plant for fritillary butterflies

Garlic Mustard
(Alliaria petiolata)
Biennial
Part shade
Any
Caterpillar food for orange tips, tortoiseshells and whites butterflies

Greater Stitchwort
(Stellaria holostea)
Perennial
Part shade
Any
Bees, moths, butterflies

Hedge Wounwort
(Stachys sylvatica)
Perennial
Part shade
Any
Bees, butterflies

Hedgerow Cranesbill
(Geranium pyrenaicum)
Perennial
Part shade
Any

Lesser Celandine
(Ranunculus ficaria)
Perennial
Part shade
Damp
Bees, butterflies
 

Primrose
(Primula vulgaris)
Perennial
Sun or shade
Damp
Butterflies (whites)

Red Campion
(Silene Dioca)
Perennial
Sun or shade
Any
Butterflies

Selfheal
(Prunella vulgaris)
Perennial
Sun or shade
Any
Bees, butterflies

Sweet Cicely
(Myrrhis odorata)
Perennial
Sun or shade
Any
Bees

White Deadnettle
(Lamium maculatum album)
Perennial
Sun or shade
Any
Bees

From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery:
Cornel Family

 

The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:

• Bumblebees which deals solely with bumblebees, and was the original part of the site.
• Invertebrates, which deals with all the other invertebrates.
• Homework answers, where you'll find hints and tips to common questions set as biology, ecology, botany, zoology homework, there are also definitions of common terms in biology.
• Window box gardens, this was started when we were exiled to central Paris, and 2 north-facing window boxes were all the garden available, however it was amazing the wildlife those window boxes attracted. You'll find plant lists, hints and tips, etc.
• Torphins, this is the village in north-east Scotland where we are now located. In this part of the site you can find photographs of invertebrates found locally, where to see them and when, also links to pages with more detailed information.

 

FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens.
Once these have flowered don't throw them out. Cut off the heads (unless you want seed) then put them somewhere that the leaves can get the sun. This will feed the bulb for the next year. Once the leaves have died you can plant the bulbs outside and they will flower at the normal (unforced) time next year. The narcissus Tete-a-tete is particularly good, and provides early colour and a delicate fragrance too.
Below I have listed groups of plants. I have tried to include at least four plants in each list as you may not be able to find all of them, although, unless you have a very large windowbox, I would recommend that you have just three in each box.

 

Theme

Plants

Comments

 

Thyme

Thymus praecox, wild thyme

Thymus pulegioides

Thymus leucotrichus

Thymus citriodorus

Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers.

 

Herb

Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary

Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large.

 

Mints

Mentha longifolia, horse mint

Mentha spicata, spear mint

Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal

Mentha piperita, peppermint

Mentha suaveolens, apple mint

Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months.

 

Heather

Too many to list

See Heather Shrub gallery

For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing.

 

Blue

Ajuga reptans, bugle

Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell

Myosotis spp., forget-me-not

Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet

This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed.

 

Yellow

Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch

Geum urbanum, wood avens

Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling

Linaria vulgaris, toadflax

Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil

Primula vulgaris, primrose

Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup

Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine

These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed.

 

White

Trifolium repens, white clover

Bellis perennis, daisy

Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove

Alyssum maritimum

Redsea odorata, mignonette

All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey.

 

Pink

Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin

Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious

Symphytum officinale, comfrey

The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one.

 

Fragrant

Lonicera spp., honeysuckle

Alyssum maritimum

Redsea odorata, mignonette

Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea

The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window.

 

Spring bulbs and late wildflowers

Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop

Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius

Crocus purpureus, crocus

Cyclamen spp.

The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn

 

Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy

Linaria vulgaris, toadflax

Lonicera spp., honeysuckle

Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious

Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal

 

Butterfly Garden

 

 

 

Bee Garden in Europe or North America

 

 

 


 

BULB FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES

lessershapemeadowrue2a1a1a1a1a

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irisflotpseudacorus1a1a1

aethionemacfloarmenumfoord1a1a1

anemonecflo1hybridafoord1a1a1

anemonecflo1blandafoord1a1a1

Number of Flower Petals

Petal-less

1

2

3

4

5

Above 5

anthericumcfloliliagofoord1a1a1a

alliumcflo1roseumrvroger1a1a1

geraniumflocineremuballerina1a1a1a1a1a1a

paeoniamlokosewitschiiflot1a1a1a

paeoniaveitchiiwoodwardiiflot1a1a1

acantholinumcflop99glumaceumfoord1a1

stachysflotmacrantha1a1a1a

Flower Shape - Simple

Stars with Single Flowers

Bowls

Cups and Saucers

Globes

Goblets and Chalices

Trumpets

Funnels

 

digitalismertonensiscflorvroger1a1a1

fuchsiaflotcalicehoffman1a1a1a

ericacarneacflosspringwoodwhitedeeproot1a1a1a1

phloxflotsubulatatemiskaming1a1a1a

 

 

 

Flower Shape - Simple

Bells

Thimbles

Urns

Salverform

 

 

 

 

prunellaflotgrandiflora1a1a1

aquilegiacfloformosafoord1a1a1

acanthusspinosuscflocoblands1a1a1

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echinaceacflo1purpurealustrehybridsgarnonswilliams1a1a1

centaureacfloatropurpureakavanagh1a1a1

Flower Shape - Elabor-ated

Tubes, Lips and Straps

Slippers, Spurs and Lockets

Hats, Hoods and Helmets

Stan-dards, Wings and Keels

Discs and Florets

Pin-Cushions

Tufts and Petal-less Cluster

 

androsacecforyargongensiskevock1a1a1

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argyranthemumflotcmadeiracrestedyellow1a1a1

armeriacflomaritimakevock1a1a1

anemonecflonemerosaalbaplenarvroger1a1a1

 

 

Flower Shape - Elabor-ated

Cushion

Umbel

Buttons with Double Flowers

Pompoms

Stars with Semi-Double Flowers

 

 

 

bergeniamorningredcforcoblands1a1a1a

ajugacfloreptansatropurpurea1a1a1

lamiumflotorvala2a1a1a

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berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a1433a1a1a1a1a

berberisdarwiniiflower10h3a1434a1a1a1a1a

androsacecfor1albanakevock1a1a1

Natural Arrange-ments

Bunches, Posies and Sprays (Group)

Columns, Spikes and Spires

Whorls, Tiers and Cande-labra

Plumes and Tails

Chains and Tassels

Clouds, Garlands and Cascades

Sphere, Dome (Clusters), Drumstick and Plate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FURTHER BULB FLOWER SHAPE GALLERY PAGES


Bulbs - a complete handbook of bulbs, corms and tubers by Roy Genders. Published in 1973 by Robert Hale & Company.
Contents

History, Culture and Characteristics

  • Early History
  • Botanical Characteristics of Bulbs, Corms and Tubers
  • Propagation
  • Bulbs in the Woodland Garden
  • Bulbs in Short Grass is detailed in Ivydene Gardens Bulb, Corm, Rhizome and Tuber Gallery Site Map
  • Bulbs in the Shrubbery
  • Spring Bedding
  • Summer Bedding
  • A border of bulbs
  • Bulbs for the alpine garden
  • Bulbs for trough garden and window box-
  • Bulbs for alpine house and frame
  • Bulbs in the home
  • Scent in bulbs
  • Diseases and pests of bulbs and corms

Alphabetical Guide - Pages 154-543 provides an Alphabetical Guide to these bulbs, with each genus having a description with details of culture, propagation and details of each of its species and varieties:-
"Cardiocrinum (Liliaceae)
A genus of three species, native of the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which at one time were included in the genus Lilium. They differ in that their bulbs have few scales, while the seed capsules are toothed. They are plants of dense woodlands of Assam and Yunnan, where the rainfall is the highest in the world and they grow best in shade and in a moist humus-laden soil. The basal leaves are cordate, bright-green and glossy; the flowers trumpet-like with reflexed segments. They are borne in umbels of 10 to 20 on stems 10 to 12 ft (120-144 inches, 300 to 360 centimetres) tall. In their native land they are found growing with magnolias and rhododendrons.
Culture
The bulbs are dark green and as large as a hockey ball. Plant 24 (60) apart early in spring, away from a frost pocket, and with the top part exposed. Three bulbs planted together in a spinney or in a woodland clearing will present a magnificent site when in bloom. They require protection from the heat of summer and a cool root run; they are also gross feeders so the soil should be enriched with decayed manure and should contain a large amount of peat or leaf-mould. The bulbs will begin to grow in the warmth of spring, and by early June the flower stems will have attained a height of 96 (240) or more and will be bright green with a few scattered leaves. The basal leaves will measure 10 (25) wide, like those of the arum. The flowers appear in July and last only a few days to be replaced by attractive large seed pods, while the handsome basal leaves remain green until the autumn. The flower stems are hollow.
Propagation
After flowering and the dying back of the leaves, the bulb also dies. Early in November it should be dug up, when it will be seen that three to 5 small bulbs are clustered around it. These are replanted 24 (60) apart with the nose exposed and into soil that has been deeply worked and enriched with leaf mould and decayed manure. They will take two years to bear bloom, but if several are planted each year there will always be some at the flowering stage. To protect them from frost, the newly planted bulbs should be given a deep mulch either of decayed leaves or peat shortly after planting, while additional protection may be given by placing fronds of bracken or hurdles over the mulch.
Plants may be raised from seed sown in a frame in a sandy compost or in boxes in a greenhouse. If the seed is sown in September when harvested, it will germinare in April. In autumn the seedlings will be ready to transplant into a frame or into boxes, spacing them 3 (7.5) apart. They need moisture while growing but very little during winter when dormant. In June they will be ready to move to their flowering quarters such as a clearing in a woodland where the ground has been cleaned of perennial weeds and fortified with humus and plant food. Plant 24 (60) apart and protect the young plants until established with low boards erected around them. They will bloom in about eight years from sowing time.
Species
Cardiocrinum cathayanum. Native of western and central China, it will grow 36-48 (90-120) tall and halfway up the stem produces a cluster of oblong leaves. The funnel-shaped flowers are borne three to five to each stem and appear in an umbel at the top. They are white or cream, shaded with green and spotted with brown and appear early in July. The plant requires similar conditions to Cardiocrinum giganteum and behaves in like manner.
Cardiocrinum cordatum. Native of Japan, it resembles Cardiocrinum giganteum with its heart-shaped basal leaves, which grow from the scales of the greenish-white bulb and which, like those of the paeony (with which it may be planted), first appear bronzey-red before turning green. The flowers are produced horizontally in sixes or eights at the end of a 72 (180) stem and are ivory-white shaded green on the outside, yellow in the throat and spotted with purple. They are deliciously scented.
Cardiocrinum giganteum. Native of Assam and the eastern Himalayas where it was found by Dr Wallich in 1816 in the rain-saturated forests. It was first raised from seed and distributed by the Botanical Gardens of Dublin, and first flowered in the British Isles at Edinburgh in 1852. Under conditions it enjoys, it will send up its hollow green stems (which continue to grow until autumn) to a height of 120-144 (300-360), each with as many as 10 to 20 or more funnel-shaped blooms 6 (15) long. The flowers are white, shaded green on the outside and reddish-purple in the throat. Their scent is such that when the air is calm the plants may be detected from a distance of 100 yards = 3600 inches = 9000 centimetres. Especially is their fragrance most pronounced at night. The flowers droop downwards and are at their best during July and August. The large basal leaves which surround the base of the stem are heart-shaped and short-stalked."

with these Appendices:-
 

A -
Planting Depths (Out-doors)

B -
Bulbs and their Habitat

C -
Planting and Flowering Times for Out-door Cult-ivation

D -
Flowering Times for Indoor Bulbs

E -
Bulbs with Scented Flowers

F -
Common Names of Bulbous plants

G -
From Sowing time to Bloom

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Bulbs in Cultivation including vital bulb soil preparation from

Bulbs for Small Garden by E.C.M. Haes. Published by Pan Books in 1967:-

Bulbs in the Small Garden with Garden Plan and its different bulb sections

A choice of Outdoor Bulbs

False Bulbs

Bulbs Indoors

Bulb Calendar

Planting Times and Depth

Composts

Bulb Form

Mat-Forming

Prostrate or Trailing

Cushion or Mound-forming

Spreading or Creeping

Clump-forming

Stemless. Sword-shaped Leaves

Erect or Upright

Bulb Use

Other than Only Green Foliage

Bedding or Mass Planting

Ground-Cover

Cut-Flower
1
, 2

Tolerant of Shade

In Woodland Areas

Under-plant

Tolerant of Poor Soil

Covering Banks

In Water

Beside Stream or Water Garden

Coastal Conditions

Edging Borders

Back of Border or Back-ground Plant

Fragrant Flowers

Not Fragrant Flowers

Indoor House-plant

Grow in a Patio Pot
1
, 2

Grow in an Alpine Trough

Grow in an Alpine House

Grow in Rock Garden

Speciman Plant

Into Native Plant Garden

Naturalize in Grass

Grow in Hanging Basket

Grow in Window-box

Grow in Green-house

Grow in Scree

 

 

Natural-ized Plant Area

Grow in Cottage Garden

Attracts Butter-flies

Attracts Bees

Resistant to Wildlife

Bulb in Soil

Chalk 1, 2

Clay

Sand 1, 2

Lime-Free (Acid)

Peat

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bulb Height from Text Border

Brown= 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)

Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)

Green= 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)

Red = 36+ inches (90+ cms)

Bulb Soil Moisture from Text Background

Wet Soil

Moist Soil

Dry Soil

Flowering months range abreviates month to its first 3 letters (Apr-Jun is April, May and June).

Click on thumbnail to change this comparison page to the Plant Description Page of the Bulb named in the Text box below that photo.
The Comments Row of that Plant Description Page links to where you personally can purchase that bulb via mail-order.


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:-
Angelica - Angelica archangelica
Barberry - Berberis vulgaris
Birch - Betula species
Blackthorn - Prunus spinosa
Bramble - Rubus species
Centaury - Centaurium species
Common knapweed - Centaurea nigra
Cowslip - Primula veris
Dandelion - Taraxacum offcinale
Dock - Rumex species
Evening primrose - Oenothera species
Foxglove - Digitalis purpurea
Goldenrod - Solidago canadensis and Solidago virgaurea
Harebell - Campanula rotundifolia
Heather - Calluna vulgaris
Hedge woundwort - Stachys sylvatica
Herb Bennet (wood avens) - Geum urbanum
Herb Robert - Geranium robertianum
Honeysuckle - Lonicera periclymenum
Lady' Bedstraw - Galium verum
Lemon balm - Melissa officinalis
Lime - Tilia species
Maiden pink - Dianthus deltoides

 

Marjoram - Origanum officinale
Meadow clary - Salvia pratensis
Meadowsweet - Filipendula ulmaria
Mullein - Verbascum species
Nettle - Urtica dioica and Urtica urens
Oak - Quercus robur and Quercus petraea
Ox-eye daisy - Leucanthemum vulgare
Plantain - Plantago species
Poplar (and aspen) - Populus species
Primrose - Primula vulgaris
Purple loosestrife - Lythrum salicaria
Ragged robin - Lychnis flos-cuculi
Red campion - Silene dioica
Red clover - Trifolium pratense
Red valerian - Centranthus ruber
Rock rose - Helianthemum species
Sea kale - Crambe maritima
Sweet rocket - Hesperis matronalis
Toadflax - Linaria species
Tobacco - Nicotiana species
Traveller's joy - Clematis vitalba
Viper's bugloss - Echium vulgare
White campion - Silene alba
Wild pansy - Viola tricolor
Willow - Salix species
Yarrow - Achillea millefolium
and a chapter on Planning the Wildlife Garden.

 

 

Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
With around 23 million gardens in the UK, covering 435,000 ha, gardens have great potential as wildlife habitats. And, with a bit of planning and a few tweaks, they can indeed be wonderful places for a whole host of creatures, from birds to bees, butterflies, frogs and toads, as well as many less obvious creatures. Wildlife-friendly gardens can be beautiful too, and a colourful garden full of life can lift the spirits and give immense pleasure, and can also help to connect people, both young and old, with our wonderful wildlife.
The eight-point plan for a wildlife-friendly garden

• Plants, Plants, Plants - The greater the number and variety of plants, the more wildlife you will attract.
• Don’t Just Plant Anything - British natives attract the greatest variety of wildlife, closely followed by species from temperate regions of Europe, Asia and North America.
• Add Water - A pond of any size will boost the variety of creatures in your garden.
• Dead Matters - Dead and decaying vegetation is a vital resource for many creatures.
• Build a Home - Provide bird and bat boxes etc.
• Feed the Birds And other creatures too.
• Don’t Use Pesticides - All pesticides are designed to kill.
• Don’t Put Wildlife in a Ghetto - Make your entire garden wildlife-friendly and a home for wildlife – it will be worth it!

Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden. Follow the links below to explore our show gardens, and when you visit, be sure to pick up a copy of our Wildlife Gardening Trail guide

• The Wildlife Garden
• The Rill Garden
• The Orchard
• The Butterfly Garden
• The Bee Garden.
Bees under Bombardment from Bee Happy Plants Ltd.
Flowers throughout the times of greatest need for bees - There are certain times when pollen or nectar are needed: Early spring is a time of great need for pollen (which triggers egg-laying by the queen); All season from early spring to late Autumn nectar is needed, though there is a 'crisis period' from the end of June until September (in the South of the UK) when adult bees' numbers are at a peak and their need for nectar is vital. This summer period is one we should concentrate on providing copious amounts of nectar in our gardens.
• The Wildlife Pond
• Reptile Refuge
• Creepy-crawly Garden

Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery:
Wildflower 17 Flower Colours per Month

Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages
are compared in all the relevant month(s) of when that Wildflower flowers -
in the Wildflower Flower Colour
of that row

CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS


Common Name with Botanical Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC,AL,AS,BE,
BL,BO,BR,CA,
CL,CO,CO,CO,
CR,DA,DO,EA,
FE,FI,FR,GO,
GR,GU,HA,HO,
IR,KN,LE,LE,
LO,MA,ME,MO,
NA,NO,PE,PO,
PY,RE,RO,SA,
SE,SE,SK,SM,
SO,SP,ST,SW,
TO,TW,WA,WE,
WI,WO,WO,YE

Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 57,58,
59,60,

 

BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS

Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN,
AR,AR,AS,BA,
BR,BR,CA,CA,
CA,CA,CA,CA,
CA,CE,CE,CH,
CI,CO,CR,DA,
DE,DR,EP,EP,
ER,EU,FE,FO,
GA,GA,GE,GL,
HE,HI,HI,HY,
IM,JU,KI,LA,
LE,LI,LL,LU,LY, ME,ME,MI,MY,
NA,OE,OR,OR,
PA,PH,PL,PO,
PO,PO,PO,PU,
RA,RH,RO,RO,
RU,SA,SA,SA,
SC,SC,SE,SI,
SI,SO,SP,ST,
TA,TH,TR,TR,
UR,VE,VE,VI

Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row.

EXTRAS 91,
 

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Blue

1

1

1

Blue
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Food for Butterfly/Moth..
Flowering plants of
Chalk and Limestone Page 1, Page 2 .
Flowering plants of Acid Soil Page 1 .
SEED COLOUR
Seed 1 ,
Seed 2 .
Use of Plant with Flowers .
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root .
Story of their Common Names.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Brown

1

1

1

Brown
Botanical Names .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Cream

1

1

1

Cream
Common Names .
Coastal and Dunes .
Sandy Shores and Dunes .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Green

1

1

1

Green
Broad-leaved Woods .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Mauve

1

1

1

Mauve
Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Multi-Col-oured

1
 

1
 

1
 

Multi-Cols
Heaths and Moors .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Orange

1

1

1

Orange
Hedgerows and Verges .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Pink

1

1

1

Pink A-G
Lakes, Canals and Rivers .

Pink H-Z
Marshes, Fens, Bogs .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Purple

1

1

1

Purple
Old Buildings and Walls .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Red

1

1

1

Red
Pinewoods .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
White

1

1

1

White A-D
Saltmarshes .
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and
Cliff Tops
.

White E-P
Other .

White Q-Z
Number of Petals .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 Yellow

1

1

1

Yellow A-G
Pollinator .

Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts .

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Shrub/ Tree

1

1

1

Shrub/Tree
River Banks and
other Freshwater Margins
.
 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Fruit or Seed

1

1

1

SEED COLOUR
Seed 1
Seed 2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Non-Flower Plants

1

1

1

Use for
Non-Flowering Plants

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Chalk and Lime-stone

1

1

1

Flowering plants of
Chalk and Limestone
Page 1

Page 2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
Acid Soil

1

1

1

Flowering plants of
Acid Soil
Page 1

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