FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
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"A popular group of ferns prized for their frond symetry, fron texture and sheen and neat growth habit. They generally succeed very well in cultivation and include many highly decorative ferns. Habitat Cultivation Soil Types Potting Mix Watering Fertilizing Situation |
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Asplenium obtusatum |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
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Asplenium oligophlebium |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
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Asplenium paleaceum |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
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Asplenium pellucidum |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
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Asplenium pinnatifidum (Asplenosorus pinnatifidus) Lobed spleenwort Ala., Ark., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., Md., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va., Wis. Native to Missouri, America. |
Roots not proliferous. Stems short-creeping to erect, frequently branched; scales dark reddish brown, narrowly deltate, 3--5 × 0.3--0.5 mm, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic. |
Asplenium pinnatifidum is an allotetraploid derived from the hybrid A . montanum × rhizophyllum . The species is uncommon in the eastern part of the Appalachian region and becomes much more frequent in the Cumberland and Interior Low plateaus, extending westward into the Ozarks and Ouachitas. |
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
Cliffs, ledges, and boulders of sandstone and other acidic rocks; 0--1000 m. |
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See Distribution Map from Flora of North America. |
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Asplenium platyneuron (Acrostichum platyneuron ; Asplenium platyneuron var. bacculum-rubrum ; North America, South Africa Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Ariz., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.Mex., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; s Africa. See Distribution Map from Flora of North America. |
Roots not proliferous. Stems short-creeping, unbranched; scales dark brown to black throughout, narrowly linear-deltate, 2--4 × 0.3--0.6 mm, margins entire. Leaves ± dimorphic; fertile leaves taller and more erect than sterile leaves. |
Asplenium platyneuron is remarkable in that it occurs in southern Africa as well as in North America. No other North American fern has this distribution. Asplenium platyneuron is an ecological generalist and is particularly characteristic of disturbed woodlands. This species is migrating northward on the northern portions of its range in the upper Great Lake states (W. H. Wagner Jr. and D. M. Johnson 1981). Proliferous buds on the lowest pinnae allow formation of clumps with stems at several layers in the litter. Asplenium platyneuron hybridizes with A . rhizophyllum , A . trichomanes (producing A . × virginicum Maxon), A . pinnatifidum , A . ruta-muraria (producing A . × morganii W. H. Wagner & F. S. Wagner), A . bradleyi , and A . montanum (producing sterile A . bradleyi ). |
Spleenworts Ferns Propagation: |
Suitable for
Spleenwort. Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern. Height varies from 6 -48 inches (15-120cms). |
Greenhouse Species. Forest floor or on rocks, often invading masonry and disturbed soils; 0--1300 m |
Asplenium platyneuron. Illustration from Flora of North America. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Asplenium polyodon (Asplenium adiantoides ; Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, SE Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; tropical Africa, Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands (including New Zealand)]. 镰叶铁角蕨 |
Plants 20-60(-90) cm tall. Rhizome shortly creeping to erect, scaly; scales dark brown, narrowly triangular with filiform apex, entire. Fronds caespitose. |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
On rocks along streams or in forests; sea level to 800 m. |
Asplenium polyodon. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 14 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Asplenium praemorsum |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
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Asplenium prolongatum (Asplenium bipinnatum var. prolongatum ; Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, SW Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, SW Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, S Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Pacific islands (Fiji)].
长叶铁角蕨 |
Plants 20-40 cm tall. Rhizome erect, short, apex scaly; scales dark brown to black, narrowly triangular, with narrow pale brown edges, entire or denticulate. Fronds caespitose. |
Though Japanese plants of Asplenium prolongatum were reported to be tetraploid with 2n = 144 (Iwatsuki, Fl. Jap. 1: 103. 1995), all Chinese plants (Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan) checked by flow cytometry are hexaploid and may have to be ascribed to a new taxon. |
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for Terrarium. |
On tree trunks in forests or on wet rocks; 100-2000 m. |
Asplenium prolongatum. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 14 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Asplenium resiliens Ala., Ariz., Ark., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.Mex., Nev., N.C., Okla., Pa., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Va., W.Va.; Mexico; West Indies in Hispaniola, Jamaica; Central America in Guatemala; South America. |
Roots not proliferous. Stems erect, unbranched; scales black throughout, linear-lanceolate, 4--5 × 0.2--0.6 mm, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic. |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
Cliffs, sinkholes, on limestone or other basic rocks; 100--1500 m |
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See Distribution Map from Flora of North America |
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Asplenium rhizophyllum (Camptosorus rhizophyllus) Walking Fern, doradille ambulante Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis. |
Roots not proliferous. Stems erect or ascending, usually unbranched; scales dark brown throughout, narrowly deltate, 2--3 × (0.2--)0.5--1 mm, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic but fertile leaves generally larger than sterile leaves. |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for Terrarium. |
Shaded, usually moss-covered boulders and ledges, usually on limestone or other basic rocks, but occasionally on sandstone or other acidic rocks, rarely on fallen tree trunks; 0--1000 m |
Asplenium rhizophyllum. Illustration from Flora of North America. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. See Distribution Map from Flora of North America. |
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Asplenium ruprechtii (Antigramma sibirica ; Camptosorus sibiricus ; Phyllitis sibirica ; Scolopendrium sibiricum) Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia]. 过山蕨 Based on its peculiar morphology and venation pattern, Asplenium ruprechtii has often been put in the satellite genus Camptosorus Link, containing two species (one in Asia, the other in North America). Modern studies have shown that Camptosorus nests within Asplenium and does not form a separate clade. |
Plants up to 20 cm tall. Rhizome erect; scales blackish brown, narrowly triangular, entire. Fronds caespitose, dimorphic, sterile fronds smaller. |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for Terrarium. |
On rocks in forests; 300-2000 m. |
Asplenium ruprechtii. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 14 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Asplenium ruta-muraria (Asplenium cryptolepis ; Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Ind., Ky., Md., Mass., Mich., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va.; Europe; e Asia. Europe, generally distributed throughout the British Isles. In the highlands of Scotland, where its fronds may attain a legth of about 6 inches (15 cms), it is found up to an elevation of 2,000 feet. Ruta-muraria is Latin for Wall Rue, a name obviously suggested by the resemblance of its pinnules to the leaflets of Rue and to the fact that it is best known as growing upon walls. |
In the lower-lying districts the fronds are small and may be an inch or two (2.5-5 cms) in length. It will also be found growing from the clefts of elevated rocks in North Wales, Derbyshire and the Lake District, and in similar situations in Ireland. It is one of the UK smallest ferns, and its natural habitat seems to be limestone rocks, where its short, scaleless rootstock may be found in crevices amongst the mosses and lichens whilst its delicate rootlets find their way into the crannies of the rock. However, it is far less frequently found in 1965 on natural rocks than on masonry and walls which man's hands have built: it is common throughout Britain both on limestone walls and on the lime mortar of brick walls. Sori as many as 30 or more per pinna, usually 1--5 per segment, on both basiscopic and acroscopic sides. Spores 64 per sporangium. |
The relationship of North American Asplenium ruta-muraria to its European counterparts is incompletely understood and bears further investigation. Based on features of the stems, M. L. Fernald (1928) segregated the North American taxon as A . cryptolepis , but most current authors agree that morphologic differentiation of North American and European material is too slight and inconsistent for recognition at the specific level. |
Spleenworts Ferns Propagation: |
Suitable for Terrarium.
Spleenwort. Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern. Height varies from 6 -48 inches (15-120cms). |
Hardy Species. Limestone (or calcareous shale) cliffs and boulders, rarely invading masonry; 0--1000 m |
Asplenium ruta-muraria. Illustration from Flora of North America. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. See Distribution Map from Flora of North America. |
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Asplenium scleroprium |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
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Asplenium septentrionale (Acrostichum septentrionale) Confined to Great Britain in Devon, Somerset, the Lake District, and North Wales, where it may be seen growing in the Snowdon district up to an altitude of about 3,000 feet, and is very rare in Scotland in a few places from the Boder to Skye and Ross. It has not been recorded by 1965 from either Ireland or the Channel Islands. Ariz., Calif., Colo., D.C., N.Mex., Okla., Oreg., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, W.Va., Wyo.; Mexico in Baja California; Europe; Asia. |
It grows in tufts on rocks and old walls, occasionally forms large masses. The fronds are slender and forked, usually from 2 to 6 inches (5-15 cms) in length. They are leathery in texture, deep green in colour, and evergreen. The whole under-surface of the frond is finally covered with the brown mass of fructification. The ripe spores may be found from June to October. Roots not proliferous. Stems erect, much branched to produce dense many-stemmed tufts or mats bearing numerous crowded leaves; scales dark reddish brown to black throughout, narrowly deltate, 2--4 × 0.3--0.6 mm, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic. |
In North America Asplenium septentrionale is principally a western species with isolated disjunct populations in Monroe and Hardy counties, West Virginia. Because of its close resemblance to a tuft of grass, it is easily overlooked, and discoveries of additional localities are to be expected. In Europe A . septentrionale is known to hybridize with several species, but in North America only the hybrid with A . trichomanes ( A . × alternifolium Wulfe |
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for Terrarium. |
Cliffs of various substrates; 700--2900 m |
Asplenium septentrionale. Illustration from Flora of North America. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. See Distribution Map from Flora of North America. |
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Asplenium serratum Fla. Asplenium serratum is found rarely in southern peninsular Florida, where it is at the extreme edge of its tropical American range. This large simple-leaved spleenwort is called "American bird's-nest fern" because of its superficial resemblance to the Old World A . nidus Linnaeus, which is regularly grown in temperate conservatories. Asplenium serratum is unusual in having roots with abundant, matted hairs rather than scattered hairs as found in other species. |
Roots proliferous. Stems erect, unbranched; scales brown throughout, narrowly lanceolate, 5--10 × 1--1.5 mm, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic. |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
Rotten logs and stumps; 0--50 m |
Asplenium serratum. Illustration from Flora of North America. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 13 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. See Distribution Map from Flora of North America. |
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Asplenium shuttle-worthianum |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for House Fern. |
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Asplenium simplicifrons |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for House Fern. |
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Asplenium tenerum (Asplenium caudatum ; Hainan, Taiwan [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Pacific islands]. 膜连铁角蕨 |
Plants 30-65 cm tall. Rhizome erect, short, apex scaly; scales blackish brown, with pale reddish brown edges, triangular, 3-5 mm, margin fimbriate to subentire. Fronds caespitose. Fronds subleathery, grayish green when dry. |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
On rocks in dense forests; 400-1000 m. |
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Asplenium trichomanes North America, Europe, Asia Naturally, a limestone rock-plant, this fern is also equally at home on old walls, with its roots embedded in the crevices of the masonry, as in the fissures of rocks. It is distributed throughout the British Isles. In North America, as in Europe, Asplenium trichomanes consists of diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, treated here as subspecies. Asplenium trichomanes subsp. trichomanes , the diploid, is found on noncalcareous rocks. In the southwestern United States it occurs at high elevations. Asplenium trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens , the tetraploid, grows on calcareous substrates and has a more northern distribution (R. C. Moran 1982). |
Its deep green sprays may be found adorning an old church-tower or stone wall by its clumps of long, slender, evergreen fronds, which can be up to 12 inches (30 cms) in length, but are usually only a few inches long. The sori may be found from May to October. Roots not proliferous. Stems short-creeping, often branched; scales black throughout or with brown borders, lanceolate, 2--5 × 0.2--0.5 mm, margins entire to denticulate. Leaves monomorphic. |
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Spleenworts Ferns Propagation: |
Suitable for Terrarium.
Spleenwort. Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern. Height varies from 6 -48 inches (15-120cms). |
Hardy Species. Asplenium trichomanes subsp. trichomanes grows on acidic substrates in Southwestern United States. Asplenium trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens grows on limestone in Europe. |
Asplenium trichomanes. Photo by Susan L. Kelley from The Biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountains Project.. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 13 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Other Asplenium trichomanes cultivars |
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Spleenworts Ferns Propagation: |
Suitable for
Spleenwort. Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern. Height varies from 6 -48 inches (15-120cms). |
Hardy Species. |
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Asplenium ubilaterale |
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Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) Propagation: |
Suitable for |
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Asplenium viride (Asplenium ramosum ) North America, Europe, Asia In Britain its range is from the Shetlands southwards to South Wales and Derbyshire. It also occurs in north-west and south-west Ireland. Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia; Europe, North America]. 欧亚铁角蕨 |
Very similar to the Maidenhair Spleenwort. The fructification forms a dark-brown mass all over the middle of the underside of the fern. It is in fruit from June to September. Plants small, 8-15 cm tall. Rhizome erect or ascending, short, apex scaly; scales black, narrowly triangular, often with glandular appendages at base. Fronds caespitose. |
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Spleenworts Ferns Propagation: |
Suitable for Terrarium.
Spleenwort. Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern. Height varies from 6 -48 inches (15-120cms). |
Hardy Species. In crevices of calcareous, dolomitic, or serpentine rocks; 3300-4500 m. |
Asplenium viride. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 14 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
Topic
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
See
If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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