FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
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TYPE OF FERN - Maidenhair Ferns Page 1 of 2 |
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Adiantum Fern From the Greek adiantos meaning unwetted, refering to the impermeable leaves of some species shedding water. University of Vermont |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow Adiantum Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Use of Adiantum Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Adiantum aethiopicum Australia, Chile, California |
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6-8 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Greenhouse Species. |
Adiantum aethiopicum - Sori under pinna. Date: 18 December 2005. By Starfarmer with permission of Creative Commons Attribution 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Maidenhair fern, Adiantum aethiopicum growing on Hawkesbury Sandstone at Chatswood West. Other plants are Cyathea cooperi, Calochlaena dubia & Ficus rubiginosa. Date: 18 July 2010. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Adiantum anceps |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
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Adiantum capillus-juonis (Adiantum cantoniense ) 团羽铁线蕨 tuan yu tie xian jue Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan, Korea]. |
Plants epilithic, 8-20 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, short, scales dark brown, lanceolate, margins entire. Fronds clustered; stipe dark castaneous, glossy, 2-6 cm, as slender as iron wire, base covered with same scales as rhizome. |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Gregarious on wet limestone, basal crevices of walls, shaded wet chalky soil; 300-2500 m. |
Adiantum capillus-juonis. Photo by Susan Kelley by the Biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountains Project. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 2 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Adiantum capillus-veneris (Adiantum capillus-veneris f. dissectum ; "Southern Maidenhair. Zones 7-10 native to the tropics" from University of Vermont 铁线蕨 |
It has a creeping rootstock covered with scales and branching frequently. The new fronds arise from the growing points of these branches, and are at first delicate, naked, reddish balls. The lengthening, slender stems rapidly assume a purplish-black hue, and become as hard as wire and polished. They do not begin to branch until about half the ultimate full length of the entire frond has been reached, and then the pinnae are given off alternately. In its natural haunts the fronds are evergreen. The spores may be found from May to September. Plants terrestrial or epilithic, 10-40 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, slender, scales dense, brown, lanceolate, margins entire. Fronds remote or closely spaced; stipe castaneous-black, glossy, 3-20 cm, slender, base covered with same scales as rhizome. |
6 x
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Vietnam; widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions in Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Oceania]. |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Terrarium.
Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Often grown as a Greenhouse plant. On limestone near running streams, bottom of limestone caves, cliffs wet with dripping water; 100-2800 m. The whole plant is used in traditional Chinese medicine. |
Botanical illustration of Adiantum capillus-veneris — Maidenhair fern from Original book source: Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé "Flora von Deutschland", Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885, Gera, Germany. Permission granted to use under GFDL by Kurt Stueber, via Wikimedia Commons. Adiantum capillus-veneris in Arugot stream near Ein Gedi, Judean Desert area, Israel. עברית: שערות שולמית מצויות בנחל ערוגות שבמדבר יהודה, ישראל. השרך נפוץ בישראל במקומות לחים ומוצלים, במעיינות ניקבה, במצוקים, במערות ובסדקי סלעים. לצמח קנה-שורש זוחל, מכוסה קשקשים, וממנו יוצאים עלים מנוצים ומחולקים שלוש פעמים. ציר העלה חום-שחור, ועליו יושבים עלעלים . . By Ester Inbar. דמויי , via Wikimedia Commons.מניפה. |
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Adiantum capillus-veneris cultivars "Southern Maidenhair. Zones 7-10 native to the tropics" from University of Vermont |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for House Fern.
Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Often grown as a Greenhouse plant. |
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Adiantum caudatum (Adiantum caudatum var. angustilobatum ; A. lyratum) Tropics 鞭叶铁线蕨 Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; throughout Old World tropics]. |
Plants terrestrial or epilithic, 10-40 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, short, scales deeply castaneous, lanceolate, margins entire. Fronds clustered. |
6-12 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove Species fern. |
Stove Species. On rocks or in rock crevices in forests or mountain valleys; 100-1200 m.. |
Adiantum caudatum. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 2 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Adiantum concinnum Mexico to Brazil |
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12-18 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove Species fern. |
Stove Species. |
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Adiantum concinnum cultivars |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove Species fern. |
Stove Species. |
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Adiantum cunninghamii |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
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Adiantum cunninghamii, a Maidenhair fern native to New Zealand. By Murderbike, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Adiantum deflectens |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
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Adiantum diaphanum (Adiantum affine ; 长尾铁线蕨 Asia to New Zealand. |
Plants epilithic, 15-30 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, short, scales dark brown, lanceolate, margins denticulate. Fronds clustered. |
to 6 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Terrarium.
Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Greenhouse Species. Wet soils or on rocks near streamsides in forests; 400-2200 m. |
Adiantum diaphanum . Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 2 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Adiantum edgeworthii (Adiantum caudatum Linnaeus var. edgeworthii ; 普通铁线蕨 Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, N Thailand, Vietnam]. |
Plants terrestrial, 10-30 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, short, scales black-brown lanceolate, margins denticulate. Fronds clustered; stipe dark purplish, glossy, 4-16 cm, base covered with scales, distally smooth. |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Shaded wet places, on rocks; 700-2500 m. |
Adiantum edgeworthii. Specimen in the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg, Munich, Germany. Date: 2 May 2011. By Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Adiantum excisum Chile |
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To 12 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Greenhouse Species. |
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Adiantum excisum cultivars |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Greenhouse Species. |
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Adiantum formosum Australia |
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To 24 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Greenhouse Species. |
Maidenhair fern at Dee Why, Australia. Adiantum formosum. Date: 20 July 2010. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Adiantum henslovianum |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
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Adiantum hispidulum (Adiantum pedatum ; "Zones 7-10 native to the tropics, native to tropics, rosy spring growth turning dark green, horseshoe-shaped fronds" from University of Vermont E Guangdong, E Taiwan, SE Yunnan [India, Indonesia (Java), Malaysia, Philippines; tropical and subtropical regions: Africa, Asia, Pacific islands]. 毛叶铁线蕨 |
Plants ca. 40 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, short, scales purple-black, lanceolate, margins subentire. Fronds clustered. |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for House Fern.
Greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Greenhouse Species. Steep forested slopes, on rocks; 300-1500 m (in Taiwan). |
Adiantum hispidulum (habit). Location: Maui, Makawao Forest Reserve. Date: 5 April 2003. Image from Plants of Hawaii. By Forest & Kim Starr, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Adiantum jordanii "Zones 7-10 native to the U.S.A West Coast, pale green fronds, prefers continuing dampness" from University of Vermont Calif., Oreg.; Mexico in Baja California. Adiantum jordanii occasionally hybridizes with A . aleuticum where their ranges overlap in northern California, yielding the sterile hybrid Adiantum × tracyi. |
Stems short-creeping; scales reddish brown, concolored, margins entire. Leaves arching or pendent, clustered, 30--45 cm. |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Sporulating early spring--midsummer. Seasonally moist, shaded, rocky banks, canyons, and ravines; 0--1000 m. |
Adiantum jordanii — California maidenhair fern in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, California. By Anthony Valois and the National Park Service, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Adiantum latifolium |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
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Adiantum macrophyllum Tropical America |
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12 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove Species fern. |
Stove Species. |
Adiantum macrophyllum. By Jerzy Opioła, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Adiantum x 'Mairisii' Mairis's Hardy Maidenhair Fern USDA Zones 6a to 9b |
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12 x |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Dormant in the Winter. Part Sun to Light Shade. This reported hybrid of Adiantum capillus-veneris and an unknown baby daddy was discovered around 1885 at the UK's Mairis & Co. Nursery and subsequently named by Chelsea Physic Garden Curator and fern collector Thomas Moore. Adiantum x mairisii performs like a vigorous clone of southern maidenhair fern but with very good winter hardiness. Expect a 3' wide deer-resistant patch of 1' tall, lacy maidenhair foliage in 5 years. |
Adiantum x mairisii. Photo Courtesy of Plant Delights Nursery @ Juniper Level Botanic Garden. |
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Adiantum monochlamys (Adiantum monochlamys var. simozawai ; A. veitchii ; 单盖铁线蕨 dan gai tie xian jue Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, S Korea]. |
Plants ?terrestrial, 15-55 cm tall. Rhizomes long creeping, scales dense, castaneous-black, glossy, narrowly lanceolate, margins entire. Fronds close together or spaced. |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
Forests on mountains, shaded rocks and cliffs in forests; 700-2500 m. |
Adiantum monochlamys (Parkeriaceae) Japanese name:Hakonesida. Date;2008,05,03; Tanabe city, Wakayama prefecture, Japan. Author; Keisotyo, via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Adiantum patens |
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Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for
Stove, greenhouse and hardy ferns types. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2