FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
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From Chapter 30 of The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1:- "Genera Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia are a loosely related group of ferns, which include many species which are favourites of enthusiastic gardeners and fern specialists alike. Habitat Cultivation Uses Soil Types Potting Mix Watering Fertilizing Situation Pests The following ferns come from Chapter 30:- |
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern Some information from Some Hardy Ferns table in Rock Gardens How-to-plan and-plant-them including wall, paved, marsh and water gardens by A. Edwards in charge of the rock garden Kew. Published by Ward, Lock & Co., Limited in 1929. |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Dryopteris wallichiana |
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Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives |
Suitable for
Stove, Greenhouse or hardy Fern. |
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Lastreopsis calantha |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Lastreopsis decomposita |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Lastreopsis hispida |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Lastreopsis marginans |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Lastreopsis microsora |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Lastreopsis munita |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Lastreopsis tenera (Nephrodium tenerum ; Aspidium gardnerianum ; Ctenitis simozawae ; Taiwan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka; Australia]. 台湾节毛蕨 |
Plants 25-100 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping, ca. 0.5 cm in diam., covered with lanceolate scales. Sori terminal or subterminal on veins and usually near margins of pinna lobes. |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
Forests; 100-900 m. |
Lastreopsis tenera. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 11 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Lastreopsis velutina |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Matteuccia orientalis
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: By spores gathered just before the cases burst and sown on surface of well-drained pan of sandy peat and leaf-mould, cover with glass and keep moderately moist in a shady position in cold frame or greenhouse; division of plants Mar-Apr. |
Suitable for
Outdoor Culture: Soil, 2 parts good loam, 1 part leaf-mould. Position, semi-shaded, cool, moist border or margin of pond. Plant, April. |
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Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern, Shuttlecock Fern Very hardy. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe, North America]. |
Mid Green pinnate fronds taper at both ends and grow in a vase-like cluster around the robust rootstock. A vigorous fern which spreads by underground rhizomes, producng clusters of new fronds at intervals Flushes of new fronds are most decorative. Requires acid, loamy soil. The sterile leaves are deciduous, but the fertile ones persist throughout the winter and shed their spores in early spring, sometimes over snow. Usually 1 or 2 new plants are produced each year from the stolons. Matteuccia struthiopteris is one of ProblemSolver Plants for Heavy Shade. Rhizome short and robust, erect, dark brown, stoloniferous, densely covered with brown scales; scales lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, membranous, entire, apex fibriform. Fronds tufted. Fertile lamina shorter than sterile lamina, pinnate, oblanceolate, 20-40 × 1-8 cm, gradually narrowed downward, lower pinnae much reduced; pinnae dark brown, linear-moniliform, hardened, much inrolled, concealing sori. |
66 x 36 Spacing 24-30 (60-75) |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Large hardy deciduous fern. Outdoor Culture: Soil, 2 parts good loam, 1 part leaf-mould. Position, semi-shaded, cool, moist border or margin of pond. Plant, April. |
Suitable for Fern for Acid Soils Cold-hardy Ferns. Border and Foundation Ferns. Ground Cover Ferns. Outdoor Containers. Ferns for Wet Soils |
Grow in moist shade in a woodland garden, a damp border or at the edge of a pond. Mass in moist, shady woodland areas, wild gardens or wet areas near streams or ponds. Combines well with astilbes or hostas. Plant in conjunction with early spring wildflowers (e.g., trilliums, bloodroot, trout lilies or Dutchman's breeches) which will be well on the way toward dormancy by the time this fern reaches full size. It will grow in full sun with constant moisture. Clump-forming fern to grow in Part Shade and Full Shade in Medium to Wet soil. Forests, valley wetlands, also cultivated as ornamentals; 100-3800 m |
Matteuccia struthiopteris, young plant, Hurum, Buskerud (Norway). By Bjoertvedt via Wikimedia Commons.
English: Matteuccia Struthiopteris in Ypäjä, Tavastia Proper, Finland
Русский: Страусник обыкновенный. Спорофиллы и вайи. Россия, Савинский район Ивановской области.
Matteuccia struthiopteris Plant Delights Nursery sells Matteuccia struthiopteris 'The King' |
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Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern, Dagger Fern Very Hardy Species in Zone 3
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Christmas fern grows in a circular form with all the leaves arising from a single point on the ground. It can form colonies but frequently grows singly or in twos or threes. The fronds grow from 30–80 cm long and 5–12 cm broad, divided into 20-35 pairs of leaflets or pinnae. Each pinna is typically 4 cm long and has a finely serrulate or spiny edge and is oblong to falcate in shape. |
12-18 x 12-18 Often used in Christmas floral arrangements because it is still attractive in December. It is a wonderful companion for spring blooming bulbs. Found in acidic to neutral soils on shaded slopes and well drained flats. The plant height varies from 1 to 2 feet (12-24 inches, 30-60 cms), and will gradually colonize an area even in poor soil. Christmas Fern is a top choice for gardens in Zones 3 through 9. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives The shield ferns of the genus Polystichum are small- to medium-sized terrestrial ferns commonly grown in temperate gardens. Many of the species are particularly attractive for their dark green, glossy, evergreen foliage. The plants are used in rock gardens, borders, or pots, and the larger species can be used as foundation plants or for background foliage. They are often slow to grow from spores. |
Ferns suitable for Border and Foundation Ferns Cold-hardy Fern Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns Shade-Tolerant Fern Cut Foliage Drought Tolerant in dry or moist shade Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow in Rock Garden |
Evergreen Fern Grow in well-drained soil, in shade it can tolerate dry conditions. Clump-forming. Grow in Part Shade and Full Shade. It is found in moist and shady habitats in woodlands, rocky slopes, and stream banks. The fern can conserve soil and allay erosion of steep slopes. The fronds are semi-erect until the first hard frost, after which they recline to be prostrate and effectively hold in place abscised foliage of the duff layer of the sylvan floor, which enables the gradual decomposition of the abscised foliage into humus, which in turn further conserves soil. |
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Frond of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified.
Form of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified. By Photo (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man) via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Polystichum acrostichoides cultivars |
Polystichum acrostichoides is one of the problem solver plants for Planning a garden for a shaded area that can flourish with a limited amount of additional water is a special challenge. Polystichum acrostichoides is one of 10 Best Plants for a Dry Shade Garden with Shrubs. Polystichum acrostichoides is one of ProblemSolver Plants for Heavy Shade. |
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Polystichum acrostichoides 'Crispum' Ruffled Christmas Fern - Fronds with strongly-crisped margins. Polystichum acrostichoides 'Cristatum' - (crested) has crested frond tips. Polystichum acrostichoides 'Incisum' - Fronds with deeply-lacerated pinnae. |
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Polystichum acrostichoides is one of ProblemSolver Plants for Shallow, Rocky Soil. Polystichum acrostichoides is one of Ground Cover Plants for Missouri Gardens. |
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Polystichum aculeatum (Polystichum lobatum, Polypodium aculeatum, Aspidium aculeatum) Very Hardy Species in Zone 4. Native to Europe. It is most abundant in upland regions of the British Isles and western France, where it benefits from the combination of mild winters and moist summers. |
Stiff, leathery, glossy, dark green evergreen leaves. Young fronds may be light green and provide a pleasant contrast to the mature rosette. Plants are very hardy in a shady, moist situation and may benefit from the addition of lime to the soil. This fern grows on steep or rocky woodland banks and hedgebanks, and is one which will be found almost throughout the British Isles. |
24-36 x 20-40 Remove dead fronds before new ones unfurl in the spring. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam in Julyat 15-16°C (59-61°F) and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Hedge. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow in cool, sheltered spot in rock garden |
This free-growing Fern is found in hedge-banks. It occurs in shady situations frequently in mountainous regions and often on limestone rocks. It grows on steep slopes in deciduous woodlands. It is found in mountain limestone screes in the Jura and the alps, and on alpine and subalpine limestone cliffs. Underplant roses and deciduous shrubs with this fern. |
Nederlands: Stijve naaldvaren sori English: Polystichum aculeatum, Allenbanks, Northumberland, UK; 04 May 2006. By MPF via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum aculeatum cultivars |
Polystichum is a genus of about 260 species of ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution. The highest diversity is in eastern Asia, with about 120 species in China alone; the region from Mexico to Brazil has nearly 100 additional species; Africa (17 species), North America (15 species), and Europe (5 species) have much lower diversity. Polystichum species are terrestrial or rock-dwelling ferns of warm-temperate and montane-tropical regions (a few species grow in alpine regions). |
"Hardy species of Polystichum do well under the shade of trees. A top dressing of leaf-soil is beneficial in autumn and the dead fronds, if left on, afford protection in winter. All require plenty of water all the year round. |
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Polystichum aculeatum 'Acutilobum' - segments narrow and sharply pointed. Polystichum aculeatum 'Cambricum' - segments ovate or sickle-shaped with coarsely toothed margins. |
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Polystichum aculeatum 'Pulcherrimum' - a bautiful form with graceful silky fronds with the segments tailed. Sterile. Polystichum aculeatum 'Pulcherrimum Gracillimum' - described as the most beautiful British Fern. Fronds are delicately divided and the segments end in slender almost hair-like divisions. Sterile. |
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Polystichum andersonii Hardy Species in Zone 5(6) Native to North America, Pacific Northwest. Found growing in the mountains from Alaska south to Oregon and east to Montana. In Zones 6-9. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and evergreen, bud-bearing leaves - see Section 9 - Propagation It likes cool and drained soils, acidic and humusy, in the shade. |
Over It occurs where vegetation is dense, such as moist spruce-fir forests, avalanche chutes, along streams, and shrub thickets. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is found in deep woods in the mountains. Fronds grow to 100 cms (40 inches). It has a conspicuously chaffy fiddlehead and leaf stalk. Pinnae are deeply cut making it appear doubly pinnate. Bulblets form at the base of pinnae near the tip and may grow into a new plant when the frond touches the ground! |
English: Polystichum andersonii in Arboretum Rogow, Poland English: Polystichum andersonii in Arboretum Rogow, Poland |
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Polystichum braunii Very Hardy in Zone 3(4) Suitable for Zones 4-9 |
Clump-forming rhizomes and dark green, shiny, evergreen fronds. The plants do best if placed in a cool site. The fiddleheads are particularly attractive because they are densely covered by silvery scales, which turn light brown with age. Consider planting rhizome at an angle to help combat potential crown rot problems which most often occur in poorly drained soils. |
12-29 x 12-23 (30-75 x 30-60) Stalks or stems are covered in golden-brown scales that contrast nicely against the leaflets. Dense, upright and arching habit, the fronds arising from a single point, giving a formal appearance. Easy and reliable. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It grows in moist woodlands. (Native to British Columbia, southern Alaska, the Idaho panhandle—Listed as threatened or endangered in several eastern U.S. states). Excellent selection for shaded areas in the landscape, including borders, woodland gardens and wild gardens. |
Polski: Polystichum braunii. Polski: Polystichum braunii |
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Polystichum cystostegia (Polystichum cystostegium, Aspidium cystostegia, Dryopteris cystostegia) A very hardy little fern from alpine regions. Native to New Zealand |
The stipes and rachises are covered with conspicuous, brown scales. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network has publications - Our unique strength is in linking people interested in plant conservation with comprehensive, accessible and accurate information to support their efforts in promoting and conserving native plants. There is a library of books made by Network members using the website book-making facility. |
12 x 20 This tough little fern is generally found growing in sheltered crevices amongst rocks where it spreads by a branching underground stem in some of the higher altitude rocky and stony places (boulderfields) of Mt Taranaki in North Island of New Zealand. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Plants are very cold tolerant and are ideal for a rock garden. Plant Citation from Plant Information Online of University of Minnesota - Alpine Gardener, The. vol 78, no. 1. (2010) p 56 Parts Shown: Leaf Photo |
Polystichum cystostegia (Hook.) J.B.Armstr. English: Polystichum cystostegium by Peter de Lange via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum imbricans (Polystichum munitum var. imbricans, Aspidium munitum Kaulfuss var. imbricans ; Polystichum munitum (Kaulfuss) C. Presl subsp. imbricans) Dwarf Western Sword Fern, Imbricate Sword Fern, Narrowleaf Sword Fern Hardy in Zone 6. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Southern California |
Ascending to erect rhizomes. Stems ascending to erect. Leaves erect to arching back at tip, 2--8 dm; bulblets absent. Spores dark brown. |
15 x |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Rock Garden and Wall. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is a hardy fern for a shady, moist position. Transplants well and lends a look of lushness to the woodland garden. Looks best planted in groups or drifts in part shade. |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
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Polystichum lentum (Aspidium lentum, Aspidium auriculatum var. lentum, Polystichum auriculatum var. lentum) Himalayan Holly Fern Semi-hardy in Zone 7 Native to Tibet, China and Burma This is the most inclusive list of possible species in the genus Polystichum; there are currently 343 names on the list, all of which have been recognized in at least one floristic or systematic work. 柔软耳蕨 |
It forms an attractive sprawling rosette of slender, dark green fronds which are proliferous on the tip.
Temperate - Subtropical Bright spreading habit. Sori 1-4 per lobe, up to 6 per auricle. |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. |
Ferns suitable for Hanging Basket. Greenhouse Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It is common in the Himalayas growing on shady, humus-rich, rocky slopes. Grows easily in a variety of soils but likes shade. On rocks in montane broad-leaved evergreen forests |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. See illustration from Flora of China. |
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Polystichum lonchitis (Polypodium lonchitis, Aspidium lonchitis, Dryopteris lonchitis) Very Hardy in Zone 3 Native to northern North America and Greenland. Lonchitis is from the Greek logch meaning spear, referring to its spear-shaped leaves. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and dark green, evergreen fronds. This is a true rock-Fern, occuring on the bleak mountains of Scotland and in the milder climate of Ireland, as well, rarely, in the north of England and Wales in 1929. This fern produces several erect linear leaves up to 60 centimetres (24 in) long. Each leaf is made up of many lance-shaped to oblong leaflets up to 3 or 4 centimetres (1.2 or 1.6 in) long. The leaflets have toothed and often spiny edges. |
10-24 x
This evergreen species is a calcicole, growing in well-drained, cool and moist positions at the base of cliffs, on rocky ledges, and particularly in stabilised boulder-scree. It also grows in deep grikes of limestone pavements. The Rough Alpine Fern occurs only in mountainous districts in the UK, where it grows in crevices of rocks or on ledges of cliffs on basic or calcareous substrata. It will be found more abundant from Stirling to Cathness in Scotland. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam in July and kept close under glass cover. Sporelings establish easily in a loamy soil to which lime has been added. The spiny spores of P . lonchitis are distinctive and distinguish this from dwarfed forms of other 1-pinnate species. Greenland; Alta., B.C., Nfld., N.S., Ont., Que., Yukon; Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mich., Minn., Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wis., Wyo. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Grow on High and dry slopes. Plant in April |
A rarely grown fern confined to mountainous regions. Plants resent moving and are very slow to establish following such disturbance. They like shady, moist conditions and are very cold-hardy. It grows in mountains, often in rock crevices, throughout much of the northern hemisphere. It grows in moist, shady, rocky mountain habitat. In rock crevices or at base of boulders, mostly in boreal and subalpine coniferous forests or alpine regions; 0--3200 m. |
Sori of Northern hollyfern (Polystichum lonchitis), Wood Fern family (Dryo-pteridaceae). Rocky slope between the Upper and Lower Red Pine Lakes. Red Pine Fork of the Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah. English: Form of Polystichum lonchitis, Grandes Rousses, Vaujany, Dauphiné, French Alps See illustration from Flora of North America. |
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Polystichum longipaleatum (Aspidium aculeatum var. setosum, Polystichum aculeatum var. setosum) In Eastern Asiatic Region Broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, bamboo forests, shrubs; 1100-2600 m. Guangxi (Damiao Shan, Longsheng), Guizhou, Hunan (Xinning), Sichuan, Xizang (Dinggyê, Mêdog), Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal]. Zone 6-8 This is described in Ornamental Ferns of China |
A large fern of mountainous areas, prized for its spectacular flush of densely scaly fronds. The underside of the fronds is also covered with fine hair-like scales. Requires moist loamy soil and shady conditions. Evergreen. Fronds 50-120 cm (20-48 inch). Sori (1 or)2-5 pairs per pinnule, in 1 row on each side of midrib, close to midrib, terminal on veinlets, small, exindusiate. |
? Polystichum longipaleatum (long scales), synonym Polystichum seto-sum, joins an illustrious group of shiny foliaged, showy evergreens that are garden worthy even as their botanical classification changes periodically. This Asian from China and the Himalayas has golden scaled, 6-in. (15-cm) stipes bearing bipinnate, broadly lanceolate, hairy 18-in. (45-cm) blades crowded with 40 pairs of linear pinnae. Introduce it to shade and rich soil in Zone 6 to 8 gardens, where it is well worthy of experimentation. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Woodland. Stove greenhouse and hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Habitat in Broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, bamboo forests, shrubs. |
If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. See illustration from Flora of China. |
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Polystichum munitum (Aspidium munitum ) Hardy in Zone 7 Polystichum means many rows, referring to the arrangement of the spore cases on the undersides of the fronds. Munitum means armed with teeth, referring to its toothed fronds. Western Sword Fern is also known as Sword Holly Fern, Giant Holly Fern, Christmas Fern, Pineland Sword Fern, or Chamisso’s Shield Fern. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and evergreen fronds.This species does best in moist, cool climates and does not grow well in the eastern of Southeastern United States. The species is native to the western United States, Canada, Alaska (Yukon), and Mexico (Guadalupe Island); it is naturalized in Europe. Stems erect or ascending. Leaves arching, 5--18 dm; bulblets absent. Spores light yellow. B.C.; Calif., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., S.Dak., Wash.; Mexico on Guadalupe Island; naturalized in Europe. |
35-47 x 23-47 The dark green fronds of this fern grow in a tight clump spreading out radially from a round base. Individual fronds live for 1.5 to 2.5 years and remain attached to the rhizome after withering. Trim off dead fronds in early spring before new growth begins. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Terrestrial, forest floor, only occasionally on rock, in mesic coniferous to moist, mixed evergreen forests; 0--2200 m |
The fronds are used by florists to include in vases. Hardy fern for a shady, moist situation in the garden or fernery. Plants are quite cold tolerant. The preferred habitat of this fern is the understory of moist coniferous woodlands at low elevations. It grows best in well-drained acidic soil of rich humus and small stones. It is very resilient and survives occasional droughts, but flourishes only with consistent moisture and light sunlight, and it prefers cool weather. |
One of the most abundant ferns in the western flora (rivaled only by Pteridium ), Polystichum munitum also is of significant economic importance. Enormous quantities of leaves are gathered for backgrounds in funeral wreaths and other floral displays; the evergreen leaves keep well in cold storage and are exported to Europe. It is extensively used in landscaping, the trade being mainly in wild-collected plants. |
Phenology: Fronds partially unroll their “fiddleheads” by late May; by late July the spores are near maturity. Form of See illustration from Flora of North America. |
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Polystichum proliferum Hardy in Zone 5 This species is native to Australia - New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania. Polystichum - from Greek poly, many and stichos, rows, referring to rows of sori. |
Erect rhizomes and dark green fronds that are evergreen in warmer climates. This species is easy to grow and can be propagated from the bulbils on the fronds - see Section 9 - Propagation The rhizome and frond bases are covered in persistent scales which are glossy brown with pale edges. Fronds can reach up to 100 cm in length and 30 cm wide, are dark green when mature but lighter and paler when young. |
52 x 36 It will occur in amongst boulders and at lower altitudes - in wet forests. The species typically favours gullies and creeks as well as the cooler/moister, southern and eastern facing aspects. Polystichum proliferum will however, occur in drier vegetation types such as coastal scrub and dry schelorphyll, due to its hardy characteristics such as the ability to tolerate salt-laden winds and poor soil quality. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. Vegetative reproduction occurs when bulbils develop at end of the larger fronds grows into small plant. As the weight of the bulbil increases, the frond sags until the bulbil can take root in the soil underneath. It can then become the dominant ground cover |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Outdoor Containers. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
An attractive shield fern which grows in colonies, the fronds characteristically developing plantlets near the end which take root while still attached. Flushes of new fronds are covered with brown scales and are eye-catching. |
Fronds of Polystichum proliferum from Barrington Tops, photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. By Poyt448 Peter Woodard via Wikimedia Commons Photographed at the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney (Australia) in January. This photo is from Gardenology.org and is available under CC-BY-SA 3.0 license via Wikimedia Commons |
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Polystichum retroso-paleaceum (Polystichum aculeatum s var. retroso-paleaceum ; Zones 5-8 retroso-paleaceum Epithet means "twisted back scales." 倒鳞耳蕨 Anhui (Haozhai, Jiuhua Shan), Hubei (Wudang Shan), Jiangxi (Jinggangshan, Lushan), Zhejiang (W Tianmu Shan) [Japan, Korea]. |
An attractive shield fern which grows in colonies, the fronds characteristically developing plantlets near the end which take root while still attached - see Section 9 - Propagation . Flushes of new fronds are scaly and interesting. This species is native to Japan and Korea Rhizome erect or ascending, short, densely covered with linear brown scales. Fronds 50-80 cm. |
40-80 x 40-80 Rounded, overlapping pinnules give this fern a certain stoutness, which is complimented by its extremely furry golden scales running up the stipe and rachis. They very reliably form a nice regular vase shape with their fronds gently arching outward. Mature specimens are quite impressive when placed where they can be easily viewed from above, such as below a porch or balcony. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Outdoor Containers. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Evergreen plants are easily grown in a shady, moist garden position and are also ideal for a tub or large container. Large populations grow in rich soil throughout forests in Korea and especially Japan. New growth emerges early spring a bright green. Plant in afternoon to full shade in well drained moist soil. |
Polystichum retrosopaleaceum. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 11 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Polystichum richardii Semi-hardy in Zone 7 Zones 8 (with protection) and 9 - it is only borderline hardy in Zone 8. For best results it needs serious protection or a life as an indoor plant. |
Erect rhizomes and evergreen fronds that vary from dark bluish green to olive green. The size of the fronds can be up to 50 by 25 centimetres (20 x 10 inches). The species is native to New Zealand |
12-24 x 20
A question I get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:- Cyclamen Dracunculus Epimedium Equisetum Fritillaria Omphaloides Uvularia |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Stove and greenhouse species by spores sown in sandy peat any time; division in March. Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Stove greenhouse and hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Easily grown in a shady or partial sun aspect in loamy soil. Looks particularly attractive when planted among rocks. The common shield fern is found in dry places from the coast to lowland forest areas. |
Polystichum richardii in Te Reinga Falls, Hawkes's Bay (New Zealand).
Polystichum richardii in Eastwoodhill Arboretum (New Zealand). |
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Polystichum setiferum (Polystichum angulare, Polypodium angulare, Aspidium angulare) Hardy in Zone 6 This is one of the most graceful of all British native species. |
Erect rhizomes and fronds that are evergreen in warmer climates. Many variants of this species from buds along the rachis - see Section 9 - Propagation . The plants do not like very high humidity. This species is native to Europe. This forms a medium-sized clump of very soft-textured fronds, dark green in colour with a glossy finish. Plants perform best in soils that remain evenly moist, and slightly on the acidic side. |
Height and Spread of
Graceful arching green fronds that droop at the tips as they unfurl showing lighter coloured undersides. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Hedge. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It grows in hedge-banks and in lowland woods, preferring, like most of the larger Ferns, the presence of plenty of free (not stagnant) water. Remains evergreen in mild winter regions. Attractive as a specimen, massed, or in containers. Grow in a rock garden or well-drained border. |
Buds along the rachis of American Plant Food Company, 7405 River Road, Bethesda MD. Polystichum setiferum . Polystichum setiferum in botanical garden in Batumi |
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Polystichum setiferum cultivars This is an extremely variable fern and over 300 cultivars have been selected by enthusiasts by 1987 |
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Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: |
Suitable for |
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Polystichum setiferum 'Acutilobum' - narrow fronds with sharply-pointed segments. Compact growth. Polystichum setiferum 'Congestum' - Dwarf soft shield fern. It is suited for use in borders because of its small size. Upright dense fronds with overlapping segments. Compact growth to 8 inches (20 cm) tall. Fertile. Polystichum setiferum 'Cristatum' - segments prominently crested. Polystichum setiferum Divisilobum Group - Blades narrow; pinnae less foliaceous than those of the species pinnules narrowly ovate, apices acute, base oblique and eared. Large fronds are 3-4 times divided with finely cut segments. Polystichum setiferum 'Foliosum' - fronds have a leafy appearance caused by numerous overlapping segments. Polystichum setiferum Imbricatum Group - Parts less congested than 'Congestum', and fronds larger. It bears young plants on the stipes above the surface of the soil. It was found in Somersetshire. |
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Polystichum setiferum Multilobum Group - Resembles Divisilobum Group but with pinnules stouter, nearly rectangular, and not overlapping; some variants are bud-bearing - see Section 9 - Propagation . Polystichum setiferum Plumoso-Divisilobum Group - Divided soft shield fern. This beautiful fern has a feathery, neatly three-dimensional aspect due to the spreading angle of the overlapping pinnae.Fronds divided into slender, mossy segments which are crowded or overlap each other. A very beautiful form. Polystichum setiferum 'Polydactylum' - the segments end in divergent crests. Polystichum setiferum 'Rotundatum' - the segments are almost circular. A crested form is also known. Polystichum setiferum 'Trilobum' - Pinnules have the same shape as those of Divisilobum Group, but the distal half of the blade is a mass of branches. Fronds bud-bearing - see Section 9 - Propagation . A very distinct, compact plant. Polystichum setiferum 'Tripinnatum' - erect finely-divided feathery fronds. Strong grower. Fertile. |
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Polystichum scopulinum (Aspidium aculeatum var. scopulinum ; Polystichum mohrioides var. scopulinum) Very Hardy in Zone 4 It is native to much of western North America, and it is known from disjunct occurrences in eastern Canada, as well. Polystichum scopulinum is widely distributed in the United States west of the 110th meridian, where it occurs in sporadic, usually small populations. The species is abundant only on montane serpentine outcrops. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and leathery, semi-evergreen fronds. This species is difficult to grow. This fern produces several erect, narrowly lance-shaped leaves up to 50 centimeters (20 inches) in length. The leaves narrow near the bases. Each leaf is divided into many lance-shaped or oblong leaflets up to 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) long. The toothed leaflets are sometimes twisted on their axes and overlapping. The species is native to western North America and Canada. Stems ascending. Leaves erect, 1--3(--5) dm; bulblets absent. Spores brown. |
20 x 12-40
Habitat in Moist rock crevices in subalpine zone, and moist rocks along rivers in the valleys. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). Rock crevices and at base of boulders, serpentine to acidic substrates, usually exposed to full sun; 0--3500 m; B.C., Nfld., Que.; Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo. |
A small leathery fern suitable for planting among rocks. It is found in dry coniferous forest or more commonly on cliffs and talus slopes. It is more frequent east of the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains; it also grows in eastern Canada. It grows in rocky habitat, often in full sun. It is widespread but mostly found in small populations, and is noted to be most abundant on serpentine soils - Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area in Baltimore County, Maryland, covers 1,900 acres of serpentine barren. The area has over 38 rare, threatened, or endangered plant species as well as rare insects, rocks and minerals. |
Fig. 35. Polystichum scopulinum from the second edition of An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions (New York, 1913). By Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown via Wikimedia Commons Polystichum scopulinum by Sheri Hagwood. Bureau of Land Management. United States, ID, Bureau of Land Management Jarbidge Resource Area. August 1, 2006 via Wikimedia Commons See Distribution Map from Flora of North America. |
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Polystichum tsus-simense Hardy in |
A neat fern valued for its compact, spreading rosette. The fronds are fairly stiff and leathery and an interesting dark, purplish colour when young. Native to China, Japan and Korea. It forms a low mound of dark green fronds with black stems and delicate dark veining through the leaflets. New leaves have a purplish cast. Clumps may be divided after 4 to 5 years, in early spring. Trim off any tired looking fronds in spring, and they will soon be replaced by new ones. Tolerates summer heat and humidity. |
6-12 x 12-16 |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Makes an excellent pot plant and can also be grown in a shady position among rocks. In cold regions this may be grown in a container and wintered indoors. Excellent for edging in the woodland, or in the shady rock garden. Polystichum tsus-simense of eastern Asia, is commonly offered as a houseplant. |
Frond of Polystichum tsus-simense in Wellington Botanical Garden. By Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz via Wikimedia Commons Form of Polystichum tsus-simense. Specimen in the Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons with Multi-license GFDL, all CC-BY-SA permission. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2