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Early Summer Foliage from bed outside Main Cafe and Dining Room at RHS Wisley. The staff at Wisley are using Arundo donax - a permanent Reed in the Grass Family - as an annual for its foliage not for its seedheads (which are produced each year after the first) outside the Main Cafe and in the Mixed Borders. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 11 June 2013. Close-up photos from Weed Risk Assessment Giant Reed Arundo Donax by Steve Csurhes , Biosecurity Queensland, Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation in Australia. |
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Plant Name |
Arundo donax |
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Common Name |
Giant Cane, Carrizo, Arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado River Reed, Wild cane, and Giant reed. |
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Soil |
Chalk, Loam, Sand, Clay. Suitable as hedge or in bog gardens, in sand dunes, ditches, riversides and in marshland. |
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Sun Aspect |
Full Sun |
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Soil Moisture |
Moist or Wet |
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Plant Type |
Grass |
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Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
240 x 160 (600 x 400) |
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Foliage |
The leaves are alternate, 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 inches) long and 2 to 6 centimetres (0.79 to 2.36 in) wide with a tapered tip, grey-green, and have a hairy tuft at the base. Stems produced during the first growing season are unbranched. |
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Flower Shape, Natural Arrangement, Number of Petals and Flower Colour in Month(s). Seed |
Feathery Purple aging to Silver Plumes in September and the seeds ripen in October, but plants rarely if ever flower in British gardens. |
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Comment |
Erect Form. "Arundo donax, Giant Cane, is a tall perennial cane growing in damp soils, either fresh or moderately saline. Arundo donax is native to eastern and southern Asia, the Mediterranean Basin, and probably also parts of Africa and southern Arabian Peninsula. It has been widely planted and naturalised in the mild temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres, especially in the Mediterranean, California, the western Pacific and the Caribbean. It forms dense stands on disturbed sites, sand dunes, in wetlands and riparian habitats. A. donax stems and leaves contain a variety of harmful chemicals, including silica and various alkaloids, which protect it from most insect herbivores and deter wildlife from feeding on it. Grazing animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats may have some effect on it, but are unlikely to be useful in keeping it under control." from Wikipedia. This indicates that it could be used as a hedge between your garden and fields used by these grazing animals including deer.
This plant can be used to create biofuel as well as the production of fabric - "Carollo points to a factory near Venice, Italy, that, from 1937 to 1962, used Arundo grown on 12,000 nearby acres in the production of fabric, including Rayon. "And they never had issues of spread," he said in a phone interview from the company's headquarters in the coastal city of Wilmington. When production ceased, he said, those acres were converted back to pasture land."
"Before reading any further it should be noted that Arundo donax has become a monumental problem in certain ecosystems of California and Mexico and no doubt other warm wet places. If you are planning to grow this plant please check that it is wise to do so first." from Cool Tropical Plants.
"Easily grown in full sun to light shade a wide variety of soils ranging from light sandy ones to heavy clays. Plants perform well in moist to wet soils including standing water. They also perform well in average well-drained garden soils with some tolerance for dry conditions. In St. Louis, plants will turn brown and die to the ground after fall frost. Cut plants to the ground after frost. Winter mulch will help protect plant roots. Plants may not flower in USDA Zones 6-7 or if they do flower may not produce fertile seed. Plants are easily propagated by soaking pieces of rhizome or stem in water. Root ball may be divided with a spade. For water gardens, plants may be grown in large containers in 1-5” of water in full sun to part shade (best for larger ponds). In frost-free areas (USDA Zones 9-11), plants remain evergreen and will spread aggressively by rhizomes and self-seeding. Pieces of stem or rhizome may float downstream and root in a variety of new locations. Giant reed is a rhizomatous, perennial, warm season grass that sports a somewhat tropical appearance. In mature form, it can make a very bold ornamental statement in the landscape. It is a bamboo-like plant that is native to Europe (primarily the Mediterranean region). It has been widely planted in southern regions of the U. S. for a variety of purposes ranging from ornamental plantings to erosion control. It has naturalized in most states south from northern California to Maryland south to Florida and Arizona. In frost-free regions, it will remain evergreen in winter and will typically grow to 20’ tall. In areas like St. Louis, plants will die to the ground in winter, but can still reach 12’ tall in a single growing season (shorter in average garden soils). Cane-like stems are clad with 2-ranked, smooth, arching, gray-green leaves to 2’ long and 3” wide. Purplish flowers appear in 1-2’ tall narrow inflorescences in fall, aging to silver. Plants may not bloom in climates with early frost." from Missouri Botanical Garden.
Available from We aim to provide plants, plants and yet more beautiful plants, creatively displayed in a garden setting. We are totally immersed in all things planty. Our friendly and helpful staff are trained horticulturalists and between us we have a wealth of plant knowledge to share. We also supply plants by mail order and have been doing so for over a decade. We take infinite care in packaging our plants, turning the boxes upside down and shaking them to make sure everything is snug and tightly cocooned in the box before the journey to their new home. It’s a labour of love and we’ve become pretty good at it. We care for the environment and nature and are making big changes to the way we run our nursery. We use no chemical pesticides and we use only organic fertilizers in our gardens. We hope to be using organic feed for our nursery stock soon." |
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Companions |
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Early Spring Foliage from bed outside Main Cafe and Dining Room at RHS Wisley. The Arundo donax is probably within 48 inches from the wall from the left to the right. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 16 March 2013. |
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Late Autumn Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 10 November 2013. |
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Late Autumn Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Note the length of the leaf starting in the bottom left and ending in the top right; which supports the statement that it grows at a fast rate. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 10 November 2013. |
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Late Spring Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 15 May 2013. |
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Spring Form from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. The high black label in the middle is the plant label for Arundo donax which is behind it at the back of this border. Note that the plants have been cut to the ground. This is so that this plant can be used as a bedding plant each year to produce fresh growth and foliage rather than for its flowers which occur after the first year of growth. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 4 March 2013. |
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Late Spring Form from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Again, the Arundo donax plant label is in the middle of this image and it labels that small visible area behind it. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 15 May 2013. |
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Middle of Summer Form from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Again, the Arundo donax plant label is in the middle of this image and it labels the bright green foliage behind and above it. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 24 July 2013. |
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Late Autumn Form from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. The bright green summer foliage has now darkened in the autumn and continued its growth - "It is among the fastest growing terrestrial plants in the world (nearly 10 centimetres (3.9 in) / day; Dudley, 2000). Arundo donax generally grows to 6 metres (20 ft), in ideal conditions it can exceed 10 metres (33 ft), with hollow stems 2 to 3 centimetres (0.79 to 1.18 in) diameter." Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 10 November 2013. |
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Plant Label from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 24 July 2013. |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elabor-ated |
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Flower Shape - Elabor-ated |
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Natural Arrange-ments |
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MIXED BORDER DESIGN GALLERY PAGES
FLOWER COLOUR RANGE IN 71 PARTS OF MIXED BORDER DURING |
7 Flower Colours per Month in Colour Wheel below in the MIXED BORDERS DESIGN Gallery. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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It is worth remembering that the links to external sites were valid on the day that I created that link, but may no longer be valid as Father Time moves on! |
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MIXED BORDER OTHER PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Site Map of pages with content (o) Introduction - |
Other Permanent Plants Height from Text Border for the |
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Blue = 0-24 inches |
Green = 24-72 inches |
Red = 72+ inches |
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Bedding Plants Soil Moisture from Text Background |
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Wet Soil |
Moist Soil |
Dry Soil |
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Click on thumbnail to add the Plant Description Page of the Bedding Plants named in the Text box below that photo. |
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MIXED BORDER OTHER PLANT INDEX |
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Other Plant Name with link to its Description Page |
Flower Colour with link to Design of East Border or |
Flowering Months with link to Mixed Borders Flower Colour per Month Pages |
Flower Thumbnail |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Foliage Colour with link to Mixed Borders Foliage Colour Page |
Foliage Thumbnail |
Comment |
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Bamboo |
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Bulb |
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60 x 24 |
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5 other Agapanthus in Herbaceous Perennial Gallery |
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24 x 8 |
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74 other Allium in Allium and Anemone Gallery |
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Green, then Purple and ages Reddish-Purple |
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24 x 3 |
Strap-like, Mid-Green |
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Red and green petals spotted with black |
Aug-Sep |
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40 x 18 |
Light Green |
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Opening Orange fades to Pink |
August, September, October |
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35 x 23 |
Erect, narrow, sword-shaped and Dark Green |
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100 Crocosmia at Trecanna Nursery |
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36 x 18 |
Upright, pleated, wide, lance-shaped, mid Green leaves |
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should be named Ornithogalum candicans |
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48 x 16 |
Strap-shaped and Mid-Green |
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Other Southern African Orni-thogalum species that originate in southern Africa |
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Climber |
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Clematis See Description Page also in Clematis Climber Gallery |
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120 x 72 |
Grey-Green |
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See 70 other Clematis climbers in Clematis Climber Gallery and further data on Clematis |
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Clematis |
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120-180 x 36 |
Dark Green |
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321 Clematis at Haw-thornes Nursery |
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60 x 20 |
Dark Green |
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Blue, Violet, Lilac, Lavender |
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100 x 40 |
Lance-shaped Dark Green |
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Clematis 'Elvan' |
"All Clematis fall into one of 3 distinct pruning groups: No Prune (Group 1), Light Prune (Group 2), and Hard Prune (Group 3). Group 1: Early Flowering. Typically blooming in winter and spring, these varieties flower on the previous year's growth only, so if you need to remove damaged stems or control the size of the plant, the best time would be as soon as they have finished flowering. Included in this group are Alpina, Macropetala, Montana, and Evergreen varieties. Group 2: Large Flowers. Typically larger flowers grow out on new shoots from last year's growth in late spring and summer. Some of these will occasionally display a second bloom at the tips of the current year's growth in late summer and autumn. These varieties should be pruned in spring, right back to where there are strong and healthy buds, before they start their active growth period. New flowering stems will be produced from this architecture of previous growth. Group 3: Late Flowering. Group 3 Clematis only flower on current year's growth. These blooms tend to display from summer through to late autumn. These varieties are arguably the easiest to prune, as you basically cut it right down to about 20cm (8ins) above ground level in spring before they begin their active growth period, removing all of the previous year's growth." from Primrose who have produced a new method of raising "Kids in our planters". |
If this climber flowered after May 2013, then I could not identify it or see its Plant Label. See Clematis 'Elvan' Des-cription Page in Clematis Climbers Gallery |
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Clematis |
If this climber flowered after April 2013, then I could not identify it or see its Plant Label. See Clematis 'Etoile Violette' Des-cription Page in Clematis Climbers Gallery |
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Purple fades to Blue |
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60 x 60 |
Dark Green |
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Where is the American Clematis Society? |
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See Description Page also in Clematis Climber Gallery |
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168 x 36 |
Pale to Mid-Green |
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Clem-atis.com focuses on Clematis varieties which are available and suitable for the North American garden including this variety |
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White with Pink tinge |
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72 x 36 |
Dark Green |
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British Clematis Society awarded 'Com-mended Certificate' to this Clematis |
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Clematis 'Kermesina' |
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 4 March 2013 |
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Clematis 'Madame Julia Correvon' See Description Page also in Clematis Climber Gallery |
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96-120 x 36 |
Dark Green |
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Sag-amihara Green Association for Clematis in Japan |
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Clematis 'Pink Ice' |
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 15 May 2013 |
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Fact Sheet on Clematis from Gardening in Australia |
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Clematis 'Purpurea Plena Elegans' |
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 13 April 2013 Chelone glabra black plant label on left and Clematis 'Purpurea Plena Elegans' black plant label on right |
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Clematis Nomen-clatural Standards List from the Inter-national Clematis Society |
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Clematis Rosemoor 'Evipo002' |
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 13 April 2013 Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus black plant label on right and Clematis Rosemoor 'Evipo002' black plant label in middle |
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180 x 60 |
Mid-Green |
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Clematis 'Ruutel' |
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 4 March 2013. Since its Birch Branch Support structure has not been replaced, It may be that this climber position was not going to be there in 2013 summer season. |
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Violet Blue ages to Purple |
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120 x 60 |
Dark Green |
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Clematis x aromatica |
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 15 May 2013 |
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80 x 40 |
Pale Green |
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80 x 36 |
Grey-Green |
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Conifer |
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Dediduous Shrub |
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60 x 60 |
Grey-Green |
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Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 15 May 2013. |
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The Trials Report of 2008-2010 on Buddleja davidii and its close hybrids of the RHS provides useful data including the require-ment for hard pruning. The Panel co-opted three genus special-ists, who are all national collection holders of Buddleja. They were; Peter Moore (Long-stock Gardens), Anita Allen (Shap-cott Barton Estate) and Andrew Bullock (The Lavender Garden). |
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Buddleja davidii 'Nanho White Monite' |
Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 15 May 2013. |
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Buddleja davidii 'Peacock' |
Pink to Purple-Pink |
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60 x 60 |
Medium Green |
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120 x 120 |
Large crisp Golden-Yellow leaves in spring. |
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Cornus alba 'Elegantissima' |
Small, Creamy-White, in flat heads. Unable to see its flowers in May-June or even later in the year. The 3 cornus at the back of the bed are starting to create their spring foliage on 15 May 2013 |
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Spring pruning at Beech-grove Garden helps you to create what you want to see from a plant. |
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The 3 cornus at the back of the bed are now over 6 feet high on 29 August 2013. The plants in front obstruct the view of the cornus behind and thus no photos of the flowers of this cornus were taken in 2013. As a backdrop of variegated green/yellow it may be fine, but in that case why not replace that section of hedge behind it instead. |
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200 x 200 |
Dark Red-Purple oval leaves and, when the temperature drops, the leaves develop a bright-pink margin before becoming scarlet. |
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Scarlet Sepals and Purple Petals |
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44 x 44 |
Slender deep Green |
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Hardy Fuchsia List for the Showbench from the Fuchsia Societies in the UK |
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Scarlet Sepals and Purple Petals |
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80 x 120 |
Bronze-tinted Dark Green Spring Foliage becomes Dark Green Foliage in the Summer |
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There is the American Fuchsia Society , the Australian Fuchsia Society Inc the National Fuchsia Society of New Zealand and there was the Greater Victoria Geranium and Fuchsia Society in Canada |
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White with Red base |
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96 x 60 |
Lobed Dark Green |
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Inter-national Hibiscus Society list of registered and non-registered cultivars |
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52 x 60 |
Dark Green |
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American Hyd-rangea Society with the story of the big Hydrangea that wouldn't bloom. |
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200 x 100 |
Toothed Mid to Dark Green |
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Burgundy, Pink and White |
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100 x 80 |
Dark Green |
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Without the 50 x optical zoom on my current camera, I was unable to take photos of the flowers which were on this shrub on 15 May 2013. This shrub is too far back to enjoy its flowers with the naked eye. |
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The Peony Society has further details on peonies. |
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White often tinged with Pink |
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60 x 60 |
Golden Yellow |
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96 x 96 |
Dark Purple ages to Green |
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Sambucus nigra f. porphyrophylla 'Guincho Purple' |
Pink and White The Plant Label in the middle of this photo of January 2013 is unreadable. The Plant Label has been expanded below. |
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The photo taken on the bottom right on 15 May 2013 shows that the Sambucus plant label is facing the front. The Yellowish-Green juvenile foliage on the bottom right belongs to Cornus alba 'Aurea' - you can see from its page that it grows quite high and hides the side view of this Sam-bucus Plant Label when that plant is in flower. Since the plant label is difficult to read from the front lawn, this indicates no identity of this plant took place when it was in flower. |
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Sambucus nigra f. porphyrophylla 'Gerda' |
When you look at the panorama photos in East Border Part 19 you will note - by 19 September 2013 - that purple flowers could be seen on the Sambucus but its plant label could not, because of the yellow foliage of the Cornus in front of it. |
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This photo taken on 15 May 2013 shows the plant label for this burgundy-leaved Sam-bucus in the middle and facing the lawn between the 2 Mixed Borders. The orange juvenile foliage on the left is from Cornus alba 'Aurea'. |
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Deciduous Tree |
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Catalpa bignonioides 'Aurea' |
Since no flowers were seen, then no photos of its flowers could be taken in Wisley. |
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This photo from Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden on 15 June shows no flower bud formation for flowering in July. |
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This photo on 21 August 2013 from East Border Part 25 shows no indication of flowers during July or August. The panorama photos in that page do not indicate any evidence of flowers during 2013 |
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Paulownia tomentosa |
Photo from 4 March 2013 followed by photo of 1 July 2013 with no flowers seen before or afterwards. |
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Evergreen Perennial |
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20 x 40 |
Narrow, upright Dark Green |
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Grape-Purple with Golden-Yellow throat |
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30 x 24 |
Narrow, strap-like, Dark Green Evergreen Perennial |
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Unable to get clear photos of flowers in 2013 |
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18 x 12 |
Jet black-maroon Evergreen Perennial |
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Pale Pink Unable to get clear photos of flowers in 2013 |
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26 x 20 |
Marbled, Plum-Purple |
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Evergreen Shrub |
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White flushed mauve-pink |
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120 x 300 |
Dark Green |
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Semi-Evergreen Shrub |
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Artemesia See further details in East Border Part 14 about lack of record keeping leading to this plant being overgrown - linkstakes in front of the Pennisetum would have provided a temporary solution from May 2013 onwards. |
Yellow Although these plants were in front of the bed next to the path and in front of Pennisetum orientale 'Shogun'; the Pennisetum overgrew them. |
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Ligustrum quihoui This image is part of the unreduced original photo taken on 24 July 2013. These plants were at the back of a 240 inch (600 cms) deep bed and the flowers were too small. |
Without the 50 x optical zoom on my current camera, I was unable to take close-up photos of the flowers which were on these shrubs on 24 July 2013. These shrubs are too far back to enjoy their flowers with the naked eye. |
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108 x 108 |
During the growing season all new flushes of growth are brilliant red, turning to bronze by late spring then to Dark Green |
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Evergreen Tree |
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Fern |
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Grass |
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September |
Very rarely flowers in Britain |
240 x 160 |
Grey-Green |
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See other Grass-Base - The Online World Grass Flora from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. |
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Silvery-grey with Pinkish-Purple tints becomes Golden-Brown |
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60 x 36 |
Grey-Green |
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120 x 60 |
Deep Green with razor sharp edges and midrib |
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60 x 48 |
Dark Green with razor sharp edges and midrib |
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60 x 40 |
Dark Green |
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52 x 48 |
Dark Green with White stripe down the leaf centre |
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Pink ripens to Silver. |
August, September, October, November, December |
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100 x 60 |
Dark Green |
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Rosy-Pink |
July, August, September, October |
Note that the Pink Spikelets were visible on the panorama of West Border Part 68 of 19 Sep-tember but its label was hidden by the plants in front |
100 x 40 |
Dark Green with White Midribs |
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Grey/ Silver and Pale Pink |
September, October, November |
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40 x 36 |
Dark Green with White midribs and edges |
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Pink turning to pure White Unable to locate plant label to take photos of its foliage or flowers after 15 May 2013 |
August, September |
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56 x 40 |
Dark green |
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Missed taking photos of its Pink Inflore-scences |
August, September |
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48 x 18 |
Horizontal Cream bands on Dark Green arching foliage |
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Pale Pink |
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48 x 32 |
Flat, linear, Blue-Green leaves, turning Yellow-Brown in autumn |
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Pale Green ages to light buff |
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30 x 18 |
Dark Green |
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Purple ripens to Gold |
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100 x 48 |
Slender Grey-Green |
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Stipa gigantea Plant removed after 20 January 2013 |
Straw Yellow |
Photo taken on 20 January 2013 in West Border Part 63 |
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Hedge |
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Carpinus betulus (Hornbeam) |
Green as background hedge to all 71 Parts of Mixed Borders |
May |
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480 x 320 |
Mid-Green with Brown Autumn and Winter dead foliage |
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Herb |
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Odds and Sods |
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Biennial - Onopordum acanthium |
In the late 19th century, it was introduced to temperate regions of North America, South America, and Australia as an ornamental plant, and is now considered a major agricultural and wildland noxious weed. I would not recommend growing it in your garden, orchard or fields. |
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Sub-Shrub - Having such a small area of plant, I was unable to find its flowers from 29 August to 30 December 2013. |
September, October Photo taken by H. Kavanagh on 21 August 2013 with the Artemesia being the wide area of green foliage next to the path. |
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Rhododendron/ Azalea/ Camellia |
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Rose |
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Retail name in UK should be |
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36 x 44 |
Glossy, Mid-Green |
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See WISLEY WISLEY Rose Classification System Page for details on this Rosa Retail Name 'Trade Name' RHS naming system. |
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Rosa glauca 'Carmenetta' and Page in RHS Wisley Bowes-Lyon Rose Garden Roses |
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78 x 78 |
Green with Grey reverse |
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Soft Fruit |
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Top Fruit |
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Vegetable |
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Wildflower |
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Site design and content copyright ©January 2014. Added Camera Photos of Plant Supports Gallery Link June 2019. Chris Garnons-Williams. I am attempting the same free link to mail-order nurseries for the people of Europe, Latvia, America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and China.
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Pincushions - The pincushions of plants such as scabious (Scabiosa columbaria from 
