Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery: |
Ivydene Gardens Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery: |
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Botanical Plant Name with link to |
Flower Colour Sun Aspect of Full Sun, with link to external website for photo/data |
Flowering Months with link to |
Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = |
Foliage Colour followed by with link to Australia or New Zealand mail-order supplier
with data for rows in |
Plant Type is:-
followed by:-
with links to |
Comments |
Adjacent Planting |
Plant Associations It is sad to reflect that in England so few gardens open to the public label their plants or label them so that the label is visible when that plant is in flower, so that visitors can identify; and then later locate and purchase that plant. Few mail-order nurseries provide the detail as shown in my rose or heather galleries. If you want to sell a product, it is best to display it. When I sold my Transit van, I removed its signage, cleaned it and took photos of the inside and outside before putting them onto an advert in Autotrader amongst more than 2000 other Transit vans - it was sold in 20 minutes. If mail-order nurseries could put photos to the same complexity from start of the year to its end with the different foliage colours and stages of flowering on Wikimedia Commons, then the world could view the plant before buying it, and idiots like me would have valid material to work with. I have been in the trade (until ill health forced my Sole Trader retirement in 2013) working in designing, constructing and maintaining private gardens for decades and since 2005 when this site was started, I have asked any nursery in the world to supply photos. R.V. Roger in Yorkshire allowed me to use his photos from his website in 2007 and when I got a camera to spend 5 days in July 2014 at my expense taking photos of his roses growing in his nursery field, whilst his staff was propagating them. I gave him a copy of those photos. |
Cheiranthus cheiri (Wallflower, Erysimum cheiri) Supplier |
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The top of the stem is occupied by a club-shaped inflorescence of strongly scented flowers. |
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File:Erysimum cheiri5.jpg. By Aroche, via Wikimedia Commons |
Dianthus barbatus Supplier |
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Clusters of sweetly scented flowers in shades of red, white and purple are borne atop stiff upright stems from June through to September. |
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Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) growing in a Mason, New Hampshire garden. By Rob Duval, via Wikimedia Commons |
Heliotropium arborescens (Heliotrope) Supplier |
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By the nineteenth century, heliotrope was used extensively for bedding plants and as standards. It was nicknamed the "cherry pie plant" because its fragrance supposedly resembles the aroma of a freshly baked cherry pie. A few species are so fragrant that they are grown in Europe to make perfume. |
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Photo of Heliotropium arborescens at the VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver. By Stan Shebs, via Wikimedia Commons |
Matthiola longipetala subsp. bicornis (Night scented stock) |
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Deliciously scented flowers which open in the evening. Sow anywhere that is close enough to the house to get the benefit of such a beautiful fragrance. |
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The plant Matthiola Bicornis, or evening stock. By Al-Bargit, via Wikimedia Commons |
Nemesia cheiranthus 'Masquerade' |
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These blooms are wonderfully fragrant, with a coconut-like scent you'll love! |
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Nemesia cheiranthus 'Shooting stars'. By Aroche, via Wikimedia Commons |
Laurentia axillaris (Isotoma axilliaris, Solenopsis axilliaris) |
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The blooms are lightly scented |
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Photo of Isotoma axillaris (syn. Laurentia axillaris) at the University of California Botanical Garden. By Stan Shebs, via Wikimedia Commons |
Reseda odorata (Mignonette, Bastard Rocket) Supplier |
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An unassuming little plant - but what a fragrance! As sweet as honey, its scent fills the air in the evening. Plant near the house. |
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Flowers of Reseda odorata. By Hekerui, via Wikimedia Commons |
Scabiosa atropurpurea 'Dwarf Double' |
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Fragrant, fully double and relatively compact. These are lovely 'cushion' flowers in maroon, carmine, scarlet, pink, rose and white. Ideal in groups for border or as cut flowers when they last well in water. |
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Spanish: Escobilla morisca (Scabiosa atropurpurea) Ceuta, España (English: Mournful widow in Ceuta, Spain). By Xemenendura, via Wikimedia Commons |
Tagetes lucida (Mexican Mint, Spanish Tarragon) |
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this is a charming plant with lance-shaped leaves and clusters of golden, sweet-scented flowers. |
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TagetesLucida244.JPG at Botanischer Garten Erlangen, 2008. By manfred.sause@volloeko.de, via Wikimedia Commons |
Lathyrus odoratus with 900 results from RHS The National Sweet Pea Society promotes knwledge and cultivation of Lathyrus odoratus (Sweet Peas) and other members of the Lathyrus family. |
Many flower colours Full Sun |
May-Aug |
71 x 12 |
Grow sweet peas in fertile, well-drained, humus-rich soil and in full sun or very light dappled shade. For best results, incorporate organic matter such as garden compost or well-rotted manure at least four weeks before planting and apply a mulch of Spent Mushroom Compost with matured Cow Manure to provide fertiliser throughout the growing season. After planting, water the plants well during dry spells. |
Ann Cl |
'Charlie's Angel' is a vigorous climbing annual to 2m, with strongly fragrant, pale violet-blue flowers to 5cm across |
See Growing Sweet Peas page from The National Sweet Pea Society for further sowing details, or Join The National Sweet Pea Society and receive the Booklet "Enjoy Sweet Peas" Produced by the Society - Softback – 9th edition 2008 (sent free to new members). First written in 1946, this completely revised and illustrated 88 page booklet contains invaluable information on cultivation of the Sweet Pea. |
Lathyrus odoratus. By Tomasz Sienicki, via Wikimedia Commons |
Lobularia maritima (Alyssum maritimum, Sweet Alyssum) The genus name Lobularia comes from a Greek word meaning "small pod", referring to the shape of the fruits. The name of the species maritima refers to its preferred coastal habitat. |
4 white rounded petals (or pink, rose-red, violet and lilac) Part Shade |
The honey-scented flowers are produced throughout the growing season, or year-round in areas free of frost. |
2-12 x 8-12 |
It is common on sandy beaches and dunes, but can also grow on cultivated fields, walls, slopes and waste ground, preferably on calcareous soil |
Ann |
'Wonderland White' is a compact, spreading annual with strongly fragrant white flowers in summer. |
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Strand-Silberkraut (Lobularia maritima), Rostock. By Kristian Peters, via Wikimedia Commons |
Matthiola incana (Stocks) |
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Matthiola incana is one of the most scented flowers in my garden. VASE LIFE is 1 week. Strip all the leaves below the water line. These will taint the water and quickly exude a pungent smell. Add a drop of bleach or vinegar to the flower water. Useful for small scented bedside posies. |
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Matthiola incana |
Mirabilis jalapa (Four-o'clock) |
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M. jalapa is a bushy, tuberous perennial often grown as an annual, with fragrant flowers opening in the afternoon. |
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Pink and yellow Mirabilis jalapa. Photo taken in Rogoznica, Croatia summer 2007. By Steve Sanders, via Wikimedia Commons |
Petunia x hybrida (Petunia) Supplier |
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flower consists of a trumpet-shaped fused corolla that flares widely at its open end, with a slightly undulating margin and mild sweet fragrance |
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Petunia hybrida. By Kurt Stüber , via Wikimedia Commons |
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Annuals |
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Evening stock (M. longipetala) Small lilac colored blossoms with powerful lily-like perfume; excellent for window boxes and pots; 12 by 9 inches. Nicotiana - flowering tobaccos (Nicotiana alata, sylvestris, suaveolens) Plants with tubular white flowers, fragrant mostly at night; 2-6 by 3 feet. (Most hybrid bedding plant varieties have little scent.) Four-o'clock (Mirabilis jalapa and M. longiflora) Multicolored trumpet flowers cover bushy 2-foot-high plants. M. longiflora has white flowers with orange-blossom scent; 2 by 3 feet. Fragrant amaryllis (Clidanthus fragrans) Sweet-scented yellow crocus-like flowers in mid-summer; 8 by 8 inches; perennial bulb in Zones 9-11. Heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) Large violet or white flowerheads with a vanilla/cherry pie scent; 12 by 12 inches. Mignonette (Reseda odorata) Powerful vanilla/raspberry fragrance from small yellowish flowers; attracts beneficial insects; direct sow in early spring;12 by 9 inches. Night phlox (Zaluzianskya ovata ) Unusual snowflake flowers are strongly fragrant at night; 1 by 2 feet. Peruvian daffodil (Hymenocallis species) Especially 'Sulfur Queen'; white or yellow spidery summer-blooming bulb; 18 inches high; perennial in zones 8-10. Petunia (Petunia) Many modern varieties have little fragrance, but old-fashioned white or purple vining types release a strong lily-like fragrance at dusk; 1 by 1-3 feet. Stock (Matthiola incana) Spicy clove-scented flower spikes; excellent cut flowers; thrives in cool weather; 2 by 1 feet. Sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) Low-growing groundcover with honey-scented white flowers; highly attractive to beneficial insects; 6 by 8 inches. The other shades are not as fragrant. Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) Extremely fragrant white flower spikes; late-summer bloom; 3 by 1 feet; perennial bulb hardy in Zones 8-10, grown as an annual in cooler climates. There are single and double flowered varieties. Virginian stock (Malcolmia maritima) Small red or purple flowers with powerful scent; prefers cool weather; 16 by 6 inches. Wallflowers (Erysimum asperum [biennial] and E. perofskianum) Short spikes of yellow or copper-colored flowers; 12 by 10 inches. |
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Perennial Flowers |
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Autumn snakeroot (Cimicifuga simplex) Foot-long spikes of white flowers in autumn; partial shade; 3 by 2 feet; Zones 4-8. PhloxBouncing Bet (Saponaria officinalis) Clusters of pink, red, or white 3 inch flowers in summer and autumn, 24 by 20 inches; Zones 3-9. Chocolate daisy, aka green-eyes (Berlandiera lyrata) Chocolate-scented yellow daisy flowers through summer and fall;12 by 12 inches; Zones 7-9. Creeping phlox (Phlox stolonifera) 'Bruce's White'; shade tolerant; spring blooms; 1 by 1 foot; Zones 2-8. Cut leaf violet (Viola dissecta) 1 inch white or rose flowers and very attractive divided leaves; 6 inches tall; Zones 6-9. Daffodils (Narcissus) Many varieties in the poeticus, triandrus, jonquilla and tazetta groups are highly fragrant, especially 'Buffawn', 'Canarybird', 'Cragford', 'Geranium', 'Trevithian', and 'Tripartite. Daylilies (Hemerocallis) Here are 14 of the most widely available, highly fragrant daylilies: 'Audacity Bound', Barbara Mitchell', 'Ellen Christine', 'Ever So Ruffled', 'Forty Carats', 'Fragrant Light', 'Hyperion', 'Ida Miles', 'Kathy Rood' , 'Scape Stopper', 'Tetrina's Daughter', 'Top Honors', 'Vanilla Fluff', Hemerocallis citrina, H. lilioasphodelus. Garden Phlox (Phlox paniculata) especially white 'David', 'Blue Paradise', pink 'Eden's Crush', and 'Old Cellarhole'; summer blooms; 3-5 by 2 feet; Zones 4-8. Giant lily (Cardiocrinum giganteum) Towering 5-12 feet high spikes of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers in summer; part shade; Zones 6-9. Ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium var. chrysoleum 'Yellow Spot') Large spikes of exquisite white flowers in mid to late summer; sun or part shade; 4 by 3 feet; Zones 7-10. Hostas (Hosta ) Only some varieties are strongly fragrant, including 'Fragrant Bouquet', 'Guacamole' and the species H. plantaginea. Trumpet-shaped white flowers in summer; sun or part shade; 2 by 3 feet; Zones 3-8. Hyacinths (Hyacinthus) The most fragrant hyacinths for spring color and sweetness are 'Blue Jacket', pink 'Anna Marie', and white 'Carnegie'; 8 to 12 inches tall; Zones 5-9. Iris (Iris) Highly fragrant bearded irises include 'Dark Passion', 'Fort Apache', 'Last Chance', 'Mary Frances', 'Old Black Magic', 'Pacific Mist', 'Scented Bubbles', 'Stepping Out', 'Thriller', and 'Sweet Lena'; also I. pallida variegata; Zones 3-10. Lavender (Lavandula ) Purple, pink, or white flower spikes in summer; 2 by 2 feet ; Zones 6 or 7 to 9. Lilies (Lilium ) Many hybrid trumpet and oriental lilies are strongly fragrant, including 'Casa Blanca'; Also richly scented are Goldband lily (L. auratum; Zones 4-9), Regal lily (L. regale; Zones 4-8), L. formosanum (Zones 5-8) , and Madonna lily (L. candidum; Zones 6 -9); heights range from 3 to over 6 feet; bloom times vary. Lily - Casa BlancaLily-of-the-Valley (Convallaria majalis) Low spreading groundcover with white or pink spring flowers; part shade or sun; 9 inches tall with indefinite spread; Zones 2-7. Pinks (Dianthus superbus, D.gratianopolitanus, D.plumarius) Well-drained soil, full sun; spreading plants with spring to summer bloom, 6-6 inches by 8-24 inches; Zones 3-8. Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Long-blooming white or pink flowers from summer to fall with rich vanilla scent; attractive to hummingbirds and bees; 3 by 2 feet; Zones 3-8. Sweet violet (Viola odorata) Small purple, rose, or white flowers in late winter/early spring; partial shade; 4 by 6 inches; Zones 7-9. Tulip 'Apricot Beauty' is one of the most fragrant tulips; early blooming; 18 inches high; Zones 4-6. Woodland phlox (Phlox divaricata) ''Blue Perfume', 'White Perfume'; spring blooms; shade tolerant; 1 by 1 foot; Zones 3-8. |
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Roses |
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'Angel Face' (3 feet tall lavender floribunda) 'Archduke Charles' (4 feet tall red China) 'Buff Beauty' (12 feet tall apricot hybrid musk) 'Hansa' (5 feet tall crimson hybrid rugosa) 'Heritage' (6 feet tall pale pink shrub) 'Louis Philippe' (4 feet tall red China) 'La France' (4 feet tall pink hybrid tea) 'Maggie' (6 feet tall crimson Bourbon) 'Nur Mahal (4 feet tall crimson hybrid musk) 'Pierrine' (2 feet tall coral pink miniature) 'Souvenir de St. Anne's' (4 feet tall pale pink Bourbon) 'Yellow Blaze' (12 feet tall yellow floribunda) |
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Flowering Shrubs |
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Azaleas Many native deciduous azaleas have highly fragrant flowers in pastel pinks, yellows and white, including the coast azalea (Rhododendron atlanticum); Zones 5-9, the sweet azalea (R. arborescens,); Zones 5-9, the pinxterbloom azalea (R. periclymenoides); Zones 4-9), the roseshell azalea (R. prinophyllum); Zones 4-9, and the swamp azalea (R. viscosum ); Zones 4-9. Banana shrub (Michelia figo) Powerful fruity fragrance and lustrous evergreen foliage; blooms spring through summer, part shade to shade; 10 by10 feet; Zones 7 to 10. Box-leaf Azara (Azara microphylla) Small but richly fragrant flowers smell of white chocolate in late winter and spring; sun to part shade; 30 by 12 feet ; Zones (6) 7-9. Buffalo currant (Ribes odoratum) Powerful clove-scented yellow flowers in spring; 6 by 6 feet ; Zones 5-8. Carolina allspice or sweetshrub (Calycanthus floridus) Dark red 2 inch flowers in summer; sun or part shade; 8 by 10 feet; Zones 5-9. Daphnes Daphne x burkwoodii 'Carol Mackie' and 'Somerset' Legendary powerful fragrance from small white or purplish flowers in late spring; 3 by 3-5 feet; Zones 4-6(7). Many other daphne species are also highly fragrant, including Garland flower (D. cneorum), Alpine daphne (D. alpina), Caucasian daphne. D. caucasica), Winter daphne (D. odora), February daphne (D. mezereum ), D. bholua and D. tangutica. Fragrant Tea Olive (Osmanthus fragrans) Strongly fragrant, very long-blooming (from autumn to spring) evergreen shrub; excellent container plant; sun to part shade; 20 by 20 feet; Zones (7) 8 to 10. Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) Long-blooming evergreen shrub producing white flowers in summer with extraordinary creamy fragrance; light shade; 4 by 4 feet; Zones (7b) 8-10. Japanese pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira) Wonderfully fragrant flowers in early summer and evergreen foliage; 2 to 8 feet high; Zones (7) 8-9. Lilacs (Syringa) Of the hundreds of varieties of this popular 8 to 10 foot high shrub, the most highly fragrant and disease-resistant choices for Zones 3 to 7 are: 'Henri Robert', 'Excel', 'Vauban, 'Rhum von Horstenstein' and 'Miss Kim'. Gardeners in Zones 8 and 9 need to choose heat-tolerant lilac varieties such as 'Angel White', 'Big Blue', 'Blue Skies' and 'Lavender Lady'. Mexican orange blossom (Choisya ternata) Superb rounded evergreen shrub with1 inch white star shaped flowers in late spring, again in fall; shade or part shade; 6 by 6 feet; Zones 7-10. Mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius) Most species and varieties of this old-fashioned favorite have strongly-scented showy white flowers in early summer; 10 by 8 feet; some hardy to Zone 3. Paper bush (Edgeworthia gardenii) Yellow flowers in late winter; 5 by 5 feet; Zones 7-10. Sweet box (Sarcoccoca hookeriana [3 by 3 feet] and S. confusa [6 by 6 feet]) Small white flowers with heady fragrance in late winter; evergreen; part shade to shade; Zones (7) 8-9. S. hookeriana var. humilis is hardy in Zones (5) 6-8. Sweet pepperbush or summersweet (Clethra alnifolia) Showy 6 inch clusters of white flowers in late summer; shade to partial shade; 6 by 8 feet; Zones 3-9. Also, C, barbinervis. Viburnums Korean spice viburnum (V. carlesii) has powerfully fragrant small white flower clusters in spring; sun/partial shade; 6 by 6 feet; Zones 5-8. Many other viburnums are also highly fragrant, including V. x bodnantense 'Pink Dawn', V. x burkwoodii , V. x carlcephalum, V. x judii, V. odoratissimum, V. farreri, and V. bitchiuense. Size and hardiness varies. White forsythia (Abeliophyllum distichum) Showy 1/2 inch flowers in late winter; 5 by 5 feet; Zones (4) 5-9. Winter hazel (Corylopsis glabrescens) 1 inch yellow flowers in early spring; partial to full shade; 15 by 15 feet; Zones 6-9. Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox)1 inch yellow flowers in late winter; 12 by 12 feet; Zones (6) 7-9. Witch hazels (Hamamelis mollis, H. vernalis and hybrids) Long-lasting spidery yellow, orange, or red flowers open in winter; part shade or sun; 15 by 15 feet; Zones (4) 5-8. |
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Flowering Vines |
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Variegated kiwi vine (Actinidia kolomikta) White flowers in early summer; 15 feet tall; Zones 5-8. Cinnamon vine (Dioscorea batatas ) Long-lasting flowers with strong, fresh cinnamon fragrance; roots are edible if cooked; 10 feet tall; Zones 5-10. Clematis Most of the large, showy hybrid clematis are not scented, but the following species are all richly scented (also all vigorous climbers, to15 feet or more): Clematis armandii (2-inch white flowers in early spring; Zones 7-9); C. flammula (star-shaped white flowers from midsummer on; Zones 7-9); C. montana (various cultivars; Zones 6-9); sweet autumn clematis (C. ternifolia, aka paniculata; masses of star-shaped white flowers in late summer through autumn; Zones 4-9 Honeysuckle (Lonicera) Several vining species are wonderfully fragrant, including, Etruscan honeysuckle (L. etrusca), Goldflame honeysuckle (L. x heckrottii), Common honeysuckle (L. periclymenum) and Italian honeysuckle (L. caprifolium); 10 to 20 feet tall; most are hardy to Zone 5. Jasmines Several species are legendary for their perfumes, including Poet's jasmine (Jasminun officinale), Winter jasmine (J. polyanthum), Arabian jasmine (J. sambac), and Pink summer jasmine (J. x stephanese); size and bloom times vary; most are hardy in Zones 8-10. Moonflower (Ipomoea alba) Large white flowers open rapidly at dusk during the summer months; vining tender perennial grown as an annual from seed; 15 feet tall. Sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) Exquisite fragrance and varied colors; excellent cut flowers in early summer; annual vining plants thrive in cool weather; 6 feet tall. |
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Flowering Trees |
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Amur maple (Acer tartaricum ssp ginnala) Clusters of white flowers in spring; 18 by18 feet; Zones 3-7. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) White flower clusters in late spring; attracts beneficial insects; 80 by 50 feet; Zones 5-9. Citrus (Citrus species) The spring to summer small white flowers of orange, lemon and other citrus trees are richly scented. Most citrus species are cold hardy only in southern Florida and California, but they make excellent and fragrant container plants in other regions. Japanese apricots (Prunus mume) Showy red, pink or white flowers in late winter; 20 by 20 feet; Zones (6) 7-9. Lindens (Tilia cordata and other species) Excellent shade trees with sweetly scented flowers in spring and early in summer; sun/partial shade; 30 by 60 feet; Zones (3) 4-7. Mt. Etna broom (Genista aetnensis) Clouds of 1/2 inch yellow flowers in summer, deciduous; 25 by 25 feet; Zones 9-10. Yellowwood (Cladrastis lutea) pendant panicles of 1 1/2 inch white flowers in early spring, deciduous; 40 by 30 feet; Zones 4-9. |
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Ipomoea alba (Moonflower vine) Supplier in UK and USA |
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Fragrant, 10-15cm (4-6in) creamy white blooms open in the evening and close before mid-day. Cut for evening table arrangements. Climbs to 240-300cm (8-10ft). Ideal For: patio, greenhouse, conservatory, walls and fences, ground cover, scented gardens, exotic garden Flowering Period: July, August, September Sowing Months: February, March, April, May Position: full sun |
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Ipomoea alba. By I, KENPEI via Wikimedia Commons |
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"Annuals and Biennials for Cool or Shady Places in 1916" from Part II of Annuals & Biennials, the best annual and biennial plants and their uses in the garden by Gertrude Jekyll published in 1916 and republished by Forgotten Books in 2012 (Forgotten Books is a London-based book publisher specializing in the restoration of old books, both fiction and non-fiction. Today we have 372,702 books available to read online, download as ebooks, or purchase in print.):- |
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Annual / Biennial for Cool or Shady Places |
Height in inches (cms) |
Flower Colour |
Flowering Months |
Description |
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Anchusa italica (Anchusa azurea, Garden Anchusa, Italian Bugloss) |
36-60 (90-150) |
Blue flowers |
Jun-Jul |
A perennial, but best treated as a biennial. The finest are the Dropmore varieties; the one named Opal is of a very beautiful, rather pale, but extremely pure blue colour. They flower throughout June and July. To keep this fine plant true, it must be propagated by root cuttings made in august. |
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24-36 (60-90) |
Purple, pink and white |
Jun-Aug |
One of the best of summer flowers, 24-36 inches (^0-90cms) high; coloured purple in several shades, pink and white. There double varieties, but in these the pretty bell is confused and disfigured by the tight, crumpled mass inside; the single and the calycanthema (Cup and Saucer) forms are the best. Sow in a warm place in the open about the second week of May; prick out, for preference in slight shade, and keep watered, and put out where they are to flower in early autumn. They are useful in pots, and may be potted from the open ground even when they are showing bloom. |
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Foxglove |
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Impatiens glandulifera (Common Balsam, Bobby Tops, Himalayan Balsam) |
96 (240) |
White to Pink |
Jun-Oct |
Flowers white to pink. A very handsome plant of rapid growth, useful in the back of borders, or among shrubs or at the edge of woodland. It is one of the few annual plants that do well in the close shade of buildings, and might be used with advantage in many places where there is a dull backyard or enclosed court that receives little or no sunlight. A fine white-flowered Balsam has been sold of late as Impatriens roylei; the accuracy of the name is doubtful, but the plant is desirable; apparaently a pure white form of Impatiens glandulifera. The seed capsules explode with some force,throwing the seeds many yards away. They germinate only too freely, but it is a soft plant, easy to pull up in spring when the juicy mass can go with advantage into a garden trench as green manure. |
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18 (45) |
Varies in colour from White to Deep Red |
Is grown in pots for the greenhouse, or bedded out in good soil in a sunny place. It varies in colour from white to deep red. Very shade-tolerant, balsam brings the tropics to the annual garden with brightly colored flowers borne closely along the upright, bright green stem of the plan. |
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Lunaria |
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Nemophila |
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Nicotiana |
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Oenothera |
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Omphalodes |
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Polygonum |
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Rocket |
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Saxifraga |
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"Sweet-scented Annuals in 1916" from Chapter 8 of Annuals & Biennials, the best annual and biennial plants and their uses in the garden by Gertrude Jekyll published in 1916 and republished by Forgotten Books in 2012 (Forgotten Books is a London-based book publisher specializing in the restoration of old books, both fiction and non-fiction. Today we have 372,702 books available to read online, download as ebooks, or purchase in print.):- Except among the members of one large family of plants, the Cruciferae, it is not usual to find much fragrance among annuals, but in this family they are frequent. Wallflowers, Stocks and Rockets are among the sweetest of our garden plants; and though not actually included in the same botanical Order, but following it immdeiately, there is Mignonette, the sweetest of the sweet, and of all garden plants the one that gives off its scent the most freely in hot sunshine. A bed of Wallflowers also gives off its delicious scent when the sun is shining, but others of the family reserve their best sweetness for the evening hours. Such are the Stocks and the Rockets, and especially that little plant, Matthiola bicornis (the Night-scented Stock), which should be freely sown in any place near garden paths. The dull-coloured, drooping flowers and insignificant leaves are scarcely noticeable in the daytime, when the whole plant seems to be in a state of relaxation, as if inaminate or asleep. But as soon as the light fails the limp plant stiffens, the leaves become firm, the flowers rise up and expand; the whole plant acquires a kind of modest beauty, and the bloom purs forth its delicious scent, which is wafted many yards away. The White Tobacco (Nicotiana affinis) is another flower of evening perfume. The bloom is partly closed in the daytime and gives no scent, though the whole plant has a rather rank, heavy smell, of an unpleasant quality. But when twilight comes the white flowers open and the strong sweet scent, of a luscious, tropical quality, is freely given off (If you wish to put someone off, invite them for lunch and the smell alongside the patio table will upset their delicate sensibilities. If you invite your lover for post-dusk drinks in comfortable armchairs in that same area, then that that sweet-scent can improve y both your outlooks). Other notably night-scented plants are Oenothera lamarckiana (the Evening Primrose) and the tall mullein (Verbascum phlomoides); the latter also faintly scented in cloudy weather as well as in the evening. Heliotrope and Verbena are not true annuals, though they are included in this book because they are often grown from seed for the summer only. Both are sweetest in sunshine. Snapdragons of all sizes have a good, sweet smell, and so have the large forms of Scabious and the Sweet Sultans; the scent of the last has some affinity with that mysterious, elusive, and delicious sweetness of the dying wild strawberry leaves. The yellow annual Lupin has a sweet smell allied to that of the Bean-blossom, but the best scent of all the Pea and Bean tribe is that of Seet Peas. It is a curious and extremely regrettable fact that so many of the fine Seet Peas of the newer kinds are almost scentless. 40 years ago the old hedge of mixed Sweet Peas was the sweetest thing in the garden. They were then in only 4 varieties of colour, the purple in 2 shades, the pink and white, the splashed grey and the white. It was many years before a brighter red appeared with pink standards and rosy red wings. But all were deliciously scented. Alyssum maritimum has a general pleasant scent, though it is nothing remarkable. Pansies have a delightful small smell, of a different and much better quality than that given off by their foliage masses in the later summer. The French and African Marigolds give off a strong smell from the whole plant, when they are touched or bruised, that to some people is disagreeable. One of the family, Tagetes lucida, has a pleasant scent, like that of Anise. The Orange Pot Marigold (Calendula), also, can hardly be called sweet, though the strong smell is of awholesome quality. Petinua is another plant with a heavy, not very pleasant smell. |
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Annie's has 51 Annuals with fragrant flowers. |
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STAGE 2 |
STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY PAGES Links to pages in Table alongside on the left with Garden Design Topic Pages |
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Plant Type |
STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 with its Cultivation Requirements |
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Alpines for Rock Garden (See Rock Garden Plant Flowers) |
Alpines and Walls |
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Aquatic |
Water-side Plants |
Wildlife Pond Plants |
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Cut Flowers |
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Scent / Fra-grance with Annuals for Cool or Shady Places from 1916 |
Low-allergen Gardens for Hay Fever Sufferers |
Annual Plant Pairing Ideas and Colour Schemes with Annuals |
Medium-Growing Annuals |
Tall-Growing Annuals with White Flowers from 1916 |
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Black or Brown Flowers |
Blue to Purple Flowers |
Green Flowers with Annuals and Biennials from 1916 |
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Vining Annuals |
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Bedding for |
Bedding for Light Sandy Soil |
Bedding for Acid Soil |
Bedding for Chalky Soil |
Bedding for Clay Soil |
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Attract-ive to Wildlife including Bees, Butterflies and Moths |
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Bedding Plant Use |
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Use in Hanging Baskets |
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Flower Simple Shape |
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Flower Elabo-rated Shape |
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Use in Bedding Out |
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Biennial for |
Patio Con-tainers with Biennials for Pots in Green-house / Con-servatory |
Bene-ficial to Wildlife with Purple and Blue Flowers from 1916 |
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Bulb for |
Indoor Bulbs for Sep-tember |
Bulbs in Window-boxes |
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Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type (some grown in Cool Green-house) Bloom-ing in |
Any Plant Type Blooming in Smallest of Gardens |
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Bulbs in Green-house or Stove |
Achi-menes, Alocasias, Amorpho-phalluses, Aris-aemas, Arums, Begonias, Bomar-eas, Calad-iums |
Clivias, |
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Hardy Bulbs
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Amaryllis, Antheri-cum, Antholy-zas, Apios, Arisaema, Arum, Aspho-deline, |
Cyclamen, Dicentra, Dierama, Eranthis, Eremurus, Ery-thrnium, Eucomis |
Fritillaria, Funkia, Gal-anthus, Galtonia, Gladiolus, Hemero-callis |
Hya-cinth, Hya-cinths in Pots, |
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Lilium in Pots, Malvastrum, Merendera, Milla, Narcissus, Narcissi in Pots |
Half-Hardy Bulbs |
Gladioli, Ixias, |
Plant each Bedding Plant with a Ground, Edging or Dot Plant for |
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Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with
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Plants for Wildlife-Use as well |
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Climber - Simple Flower Shape |
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DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders - was first published in 1977 and this paperback edition was published on 1 August 1994 ISBN 0 7090 5440 8:- |
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I am using the above book from someone who took 30 years to compile it from notes made of his detailed observations of growing plants in preference to |
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The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills. Published in 1950 by Faber and Faber Limited describes every method of propagation for 2,500 species. Unlike modern books published since 1980, this one states exactly what to do and is precisely what you require if you want to increase your alpines. |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
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Soil contains living material that requires the right structure and organic material to provide food for plants. If the structure of the soil tends towards a loam of about 20-50% sand, silt and 20 - 40% clay with a pH between 6 and 7.5, then this suitable for a high proportion of plants. Otherwise an application of a mulch of sand and horticultural grit for clay, or clay and horticultural grit for sand, is required to improve plant growth. If an annual mulch of organic material (Spent Mushroom Compost, Cow Manure, Horse Manure does contain weed seeds and should only be used under hedges or ground-covering trees/shrubs) is applied of 100mm (4”) thickness to the soil, then the living material in the soil can continue their role of feeding the plants. This mulch will stop the ground drying out due to wind or sun having direct access to the ground surface. The annual loss of organic matter from soils in cool humid climates is about 6lbs per square metre. If there is also a drip-feed irrigation system under the mulch (which is used for 4 continuous hours a week - when there is no rain that week from April to September), then the living material can get their food delivered in solution or suspension. If the prunings from your garden are shredded (or reduced to 4” lengths) and then applied as a mulch to your flower beds or hedges, followed by 0.5” depth of grass mowings on top; this will also provide a start for improvement of your soil. The 0.5" layer can be applied again after a fortnight; when the aerobic composting stage (the aerobic composting creates heat and 0.5" - 1 cm - thickness does not become too hot to harm the plants next to it) has been completed during the summer. Anaerobic (without using air) composting then completes the process. Application of Seaweed Meal for Trace Elements and other chemicals required to replenish what has been used by the plants in the previous year for application in Spring are detailed in the How are Chemicals stored and released from Soil? page.
You normally eat and drink at least 3 times every day to keep you growing, healthy and active; plants also require to eat and drink every day. Above 5 degrees Celcius plants tend to grow above ground and below 5 degrees Celcius they tend to grow their roots underground. 2 minor points to remember with their result-
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Soils and their Treatment
Soil Improvement |
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and • Watering Schedule - Far and away the best course of action against slugs in your garden is a simple adjustment in the watering schedule. Slugs are most active at night and are most efficient in damp conditions. Avoid watering your garden in the evening if you have a slug problem. Water in the morning - the surface soil will be dry by evening. Studies show this can reduce slug damage by 80%.
• Seaweed - If you have access to seaweed, it's well worth the effort to gather. Seaweed is not only a good soil amendment for the garden, it's a natural repellent for slugs. Mulch with seaweed around the base of plants or perimeter of bed. Pile it on 3" to 4" thick - when it dries it will shrink to just an inch or so deep. Seaweed is salty and slugs avoid salt. Push the seaweed away from plant stems so it's not in direct contact. During hot weather, seaweed will dry and become very rough which also deters the slugs.
• Copper - Small strips of copper can be placed around flower pots or raised beds as obstructions for slugs to crawl over. Cut 2" strips of thin copper and wrap around the lower part of flower pots, like a ribbon. Or set the strips in the soil on edge, making a "fence" for the slugs to climb. Check to make sure no vegetation hangs over the copper which might provide a 'bridge' for the slugs. Copper barriers also work well around wood barrels used as planters.
• Diatomaceous Earth - Diatomaceous earth (Also known as "Insect Dust") is the sharp, jagged skeletal remains of microscopic creatures. It lacerates soft-bodied pests, causing them to dehydrate. A powdery granular material, it can be sprinkled around garden beds or individual plants, and can be mixed with water to make a foliar spray.
• Electronic "slug fence" - An electronic slug fence is a non-toxic, safe method for keeping slugs out of garden or flower beds. The Slugs Away fence is a 24-foot long, 5" ribbon-like barrier that runs off a 9 volt battery. When a slug or snail comes in contact with the fence, it receives a mild static sensation that is undetectable to animals and humans. This does not kill the slug, it cause it to look elsewhere for forage. The battery will power the fence for about 8 months before needing to be replaced. Extension kits are availabe for increased coverage. The electronic fence will repel slugs and snails, but is harmless to people and pets.
• Lava Rock - Like diatomaceous earth, the abrasive surface of lava rock will be avoided by slugs. Lava rock can be used as a barrier around plantings, but should be left mostly above soil level, otherwise dirt or vegetation soon forms a bridge for slugs to cross.
• Salt - If all else fails, go out at night with the salt shaker and a flashlight. Look at the plants which have been getting the most damage and inspect the leaves, including the undersides. Sprinkle a bit of salt on the slug and it will kill it quickly. Not particularly pleasant, but use as a last resort. (Note: some sources caution the use of salt, as it adds a toxic element to the soil. This has not been our experience, especially as very little salt is used.)
• Beer - Slugs are attracted to beer. Set a small amount of beer in a shallow wide jar buried in the soil up to its neck. Slugs will crawl in and drown. Take the jar lid and prop it up with a small stick so rain won't dilute the beer. Leave space for slugs to enter the trap.
• Overturned Flowerpots, Grapefruit Halves, Board on Ground - Overturned flowerpots, with a stone placed under the rim to tilt it up a bit, will attract slugs. Leave overnight, and you'll find the slugs inside in the morning. Grapefruit halves work the same way, with the added advantage of the scent of the fruit as bait.
• Garlic-based slug repellents
Laboratory tests at the University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne (UK) revealed that a highly refined garlic product (ECOguard produced by ECOspray Ltd, a British company that makes organic pesticides) was an effective slug killer. Look for garlic-based slug deterrents which will be emerging under various brand names, as well as ECOguard.
• Coffee grounds; new caffeine-based slug/snail poisons - Coffee grounds scattered on top of the soil will deter slugs. The horticultural side effects of using strong grounds such as espresso on the garden, however, are less certain. When using coffee grounds, moderation is advised. |
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UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - Large White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
|
40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
|
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
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Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
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Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
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Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
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Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
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Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
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Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
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Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak |
Topic - Wildlife on Plant Photo Gallery. Some UK native butterflies eat material from UK Native Wildflowers and live on them as eggs, caterpillars (Large Skipper eats False Brome grass - Brachypodium sylvaticum - for 11 months from July to May as a Caterpillar before becoming a Chrysalis within 3 weeks in May) chrysalis or butterflies ALL YEAR ROUND. |
Wild Flower Family Page (the families within "The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers" by David McClintock & R.S.R. Fitter, Published in 1956 They are not in Common Name alphabetical order and neither are the common names of the plants detailed within each family. The information in the above book is back-referenced to the respective page in "Flora of the British Isles" by A.R. Clapham of University of Sheffield, |
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When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the above first column.
THE LIFE AND DEATH OF A FLAILED CORNISH HEDGE - This details that life and death from July 1972 to 2019, with the following result:- End note, June 2008. I hear spring vetch has been officially recorded somewhere in West Cornwall and confirmed as a presence in the county, so perhaps I can be permitted to have seen it pre-1972 in the survey mile. I wonder where they found it? It's gone from hedges where it used to be, along with other scarcities and so-called scarcities that used to flourish in so many hedges unrecorded, before the flail arrived. I have given careful thought to including mention of some of the plants and butterflies. So little seems to be known of the species resident in Cornish hedges pre-flail that I realise some references may invite scepticism. I am a sceptic myself, so sympathise with the reaction; but I have concluded that, with a view to re-establishing vulnerable species, it needs to be known that they can with the right management safely and perpetually thrive in ordinary Cornish hedges. In future this knowledge could solve the increasingly difficult question of sufficient and suitable sites for sustainable wild flower and butterfly conservation - as long as it is a future in which the hedge-flail does not figure.
CHECK-LIST OF TYPES OF CORNISH HEDGE FLORA by Sarah Carter of Cornish Hedges Library:-
Titles of papers available on www.cornishhedges.co.uk:-
THE GUILD OF CORNISH HEDGERS is the non-profit-making organisation founded in 2002 to support the concern among traditional hedgers about poor standards of workmanship in Cornish hedging today. The Guild has raised public awareness of Cornwall's unique heritage of hedges and promoted free access to the Cornish Hedges Library, the only existing source of full and reliable written knowledge on Cornish hedges." |
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Recommended Plants for Wildlife in different situations
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From the Ivydene Gardens Box to Crowberry Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
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The Bumblebee Pages website is divided into five major areas:
FORCED INDOOR BULBS in Window Box Gardens. |
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Theme |
Plants |
Comments |
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Thyme |
Thymus praecox, wild thyme Thymus pulegioides Thymus leucotrichus Thymus citriodorus |
Thymes make a very fragrant, easy to care for windowbox, and an excellent choice for windy sites. The flower colour will be pinky/purple, and you can eat the leaves if your air is not too polluted. Try to get one variegated thyme to add a little colour when there are no flowers. |
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Herb |
Sage, mint, chives, thyme, rosemary |
Get the plants from the herb section of the supermarket, so you can eat the leaves. Do not include basil as it need greater fertility than the others. Pot the rosemary up separately if it grows too large. |
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Mints |
Mentha longifolia, horse mint Mentha spicata, spear mint Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal Mentha piperita, peppermint Mentha suaveolens, apple mint |
Mints are fairly fast growers, so you could start this box with seed. They are thugs, though, and will very soon be fighting for space. So you will either have to thin and cut back or else you will end up with one species - the strongest. The very best mint tea I ever had was in Marrakesh. A glass full of fresh mint was placed in front of me, and boiling water was poured into it. Then I was given a cube of sugar to hold between my teeth while I sipped the tea. Plant this box and you can have mint tea for months. |
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Heather |
Too many to list See Heather Shrub gallery |
For year-round colour try to plant varieties that flower at different times of year. Heather requires acid soils, so fertilise with an ericaceous fertilser, and plant in ericaceous compost. Cut back after flowering and remove the cuttings. It is best to buy plants as heather is slow growing. |
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Blue |
Ajuga reptans, bugle Endymion non-scriptus, bluebell Myosotis spp., forget-me-not Pentaglottis sempervirens, alkanet |
This will give you flowers from March till July. The bluebells should be bought as bulbs, as seed will take a few years to flower. The others can be started from seed. |
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Yellow |
Anthyllis vulneraria, kidney vetch Geum urbanum, wood avens Lathryus pratensis, meadow vetchling Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lotus corniculatus, birdsfoot trefoil Primula vulgaris, primrose Ranunculus acris, meadow buttercup Ranunculus ficaria, lesser celandine |
These will give you flowers from May to October, and if you include the primrose, from February. Try to include a vetch as they can climb or trail so occupy the space that other plants can't. All can be grown from seed. |
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White |
Trifolium repens, white clover Bellis perennis, daisy Digitalis purpurea alba, white foxglove Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette |
All can be grown from seed. The clover and daisy will have to be cut back as they will take over. The clover roots add nitrogen to the soil. The mignonette flower doesn't look very special, but the fragrance is wonderful, and the alyssum smells of honey. |
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Pink |
Lychnis flos-cucli, ragged robin Scabiosa columbaria, small scabious Symphytum officinale, comfrey |
The comfrey will try to take over. Its leaves make an excellent fertiliser, and are very good on the compost heap, though windowbox gardeners rarely have one. |
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Fragrant |
Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Alyssum maritimum Redsea odorata, mignonette Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea |
The sweet pea will need twine or something to climb up, so is suitable if you have sliding windows or window that open inwards. You will be rewarded by a fragrant curtain every time you open your window. |
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Spring bulbs and late wildflowers |
Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Narcissus pseudonarcissus, narcissius Crocus purpureus, crocus Cyclamen spp. |
The idea of this box is to maximize your space. The bulbs (cyclamen has a corm) will flower and do their stuff early in the year. After flowering cut the heads off as you don't want them making seed, but leave the leaves as they fatten up the bulbs to store energy for next year. The foliage of the wildflowers will hide the bulb leaves to some extent. Then the wildflowers take over and flower till autumn |
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Aster spp., Michaelmas daisy Linaria vulgaris, toadflax Lonicera spp., honeysuckle Succisa pratensis, devil's bit scabious Mentha pulgium, pennyroyal |
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Bee Garden in Europe or North America |
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Plants for moths (including larval food plants and adult nectar sources) from Gardens for Wildlife - Practical advice on how to attract wildlife to your garden by Martin Walters as an Aura Garden Guide. Published in 2007 - ISBN 978 1905765041:- |
Marjoram - Origanum officinale |
"On average, 2 gardeners a year die in the UK as a result of poisonous plants. Those discussed in this blog illustrate a range of concerns that should be foremost in the designer’s mind." from Pages on poisonous plants in this website:- |
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Wildlife-friendly Show Gardens
Many of our gardens at Natural Surroundings demonstrate what you can do at home to encourage wildlife in your garden:-
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Ivydene Gardens Water Fern to Yew Wild Flower Families Gallery: |
Only Wildflowers detailed in the following Wildflower Colour Pages |
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Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
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1 |
Blue |
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1 |
Cream |
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1 |
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1 |
White A-D |
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1 Yellow |
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Flowering plants of |
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Flowering plants of |
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The following table shows the linkages for the information about the plants
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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Private Garden Design:- |
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<---- |
Yes |
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No |
Cannot be bothered. |
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At Home with Gard-ening Area |
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Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
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Grow flowers for flower arranging and vegetables on Balcony Garden or Roof Garden |
Pan Plant Back-grou-nd Colour |
STAGE 3b |
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Outside Garden |
Pan, Trough and Window-Box Odds and Sods |
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Kinds of Pan Plants that may be split up and tucked in Corners and Crevices |
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Trough and Window-box plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
Pan Plant |
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You need to know the following:- |
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A) Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers List leads onto the |
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Human Prob-lems |
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Blind, |
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Garden Style, which takes into account the Human Problems above |
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Classic Mixed Style |
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Cottage Garden Style |
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Naturalistic Style |
Formal English Garden |
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Mediterranean Style |
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Meadow and Corn-field |
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Paving and Gravel inland, |
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Problem Sites within your chosen Garden Style from the above |
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Exce-ssively Hot, Sunny and Dry Site is suitable for Drought Resistant Plants |
Excessively Wet Soil - especially when caused by poor drainage |
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Control of Pests (Aphids, Rabbits, Deer, Mice, Mole, Snails) / Disease by Companion Planting in Garden |
Whether your Heavy Clay or Light Sandy / Chalk Soil is excessively Alkaline (limy) / Acidic or not, then there is an Action Plan for you to do with your soil, which will improve its texture to make its structure into a productive soil instead of it returning to being just sand, chalk, silt or clay. |
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Problems caused by builders:- 1. Lack of soil on top of builders rubble in garden of just built house. |
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In planning your beds for your garden, before the vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman planting is inserted into your soft landscaping plan, the following is useful to consider:- |
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Reasons for stopping infilling of Sense of Fragrance section on 28/07/2016 at end of Sense of Fragrance from Stephen Lacey Page. From September 2017 will be creating the following new pages on Sense of Fragrance using Scented Flora of the World by Roy Genders. |
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After you have selected your vertical hard-landscaping framework and the vertical speciman plants for each bed or border, you will need to infill with plants taking the following into account:- |
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Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Flower Perfume Group:- |
Leaf Perfume Group:- |
Scent of Wood, Bark and Roots Group:-
Scent of Fungi Group:- |
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Sense of Sight |
Emotion of |
Emotion of |
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Emotion of |
Emotion of Intellectual versus Emotional |
Sense of Touch |
Sense of Taste |
Sense of Sound |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 for |
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STAGE 3a ALL , 3 AND 4 PLANTS INDEX GALLERIES with pages of content (o) |
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Plant Type |
ABC |
DEF |
GHI |
JKL |
MNO |
PQR |
STU |
VWX |
YZ |
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Alpine in Evergreen Perennial, |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Annual/ Biennial |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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Bedding, 25 |
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Bulb, 746 with Use, Flower Colour/Shape of |
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Climber 71 Clematis, 58 other Climbers with Use, Flower Colour and Shape |
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1 (o) |
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Deciduous Shrub 43 with Use and Flower Colour |
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1 (o) |
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Evergreen Perennial 104 with Use, Flower Colour, Flower Shape and Number of Petals |
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Evergreen Shrub 46, Semi-Evergreen Shrub and Heather 74 with Use and Flower Colour |
1 (o) |
1 (o) |
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1 (o) |
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Fern with 706 ferns |
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1 (o) |
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Herbaceous Perennial 91, |
1 (o) |
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Rose with 720 roses within Flower Colour, Flower Shape, Rose Petal Count and Rose Use |
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Sub-Shrub |
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Wildflower 1918 with |
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Finally, you might be advised to check that the adjacent plants to the one you have chosen for that position in a flower bed are suitable; by checking the entry in Companion Planting - like clicking A page for checking Abies - and Pest Control page if you have a pest to control in this part of the flower bed. |
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STAGE 1 GARDEN STYLE INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 2 INFILL PLANT INDEX GALLERIES 1, 2, 3 Reference books for these galleries in Table on left |
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STAGE 3a ALL PLANTS INDEX GALLERY |
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY |
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Since 2006, I have requested photos etc from the Mail-Order Nurseries in the UK and later from the rest of the World. Few nurseries have responded.
with the aid of further information from other books, magazines and cross-checking on the internet. |
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