Ivydene Gardens Plants:
Groundcover Plant
Name - S

The plants normally selected by most landscapers and designers are by nature low-growing, rampant, spreading, creep-crawly things and yet the concept of ground cover demands no such thing. The ideal description of a groundcover plant includes:-

• a bold dense mass of leaves completely covering the ground most of the year; evergreens gain gold stars.
• They should require little or no maintenance - if you have to give the plant more than its share of attention, you might as well save your money and spend the time weeding.
• use the plant on ground areas that are difficult to maintain, such as steep banks or boggy patches.
• use the plant to cover areas where not much will grow, such as deep shade or sandy soils.

Ground Cover a thousand beautiful plants for difficult places by John Cushnie (ISBN 1 85626 326 6) provides details of plants that fulfill the above requirements.

Using these groundcover plants in your planting scheme (either between your trees/shrubs in the border or for the whole border) will - with mulching your beds to a 4 inch depth and an irrigation system - provide you with a planted garden with far less time required for border maintenance.
Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses gallery provides Landscaping List by Use pages which include some of these ground-cover plants. Landscaping with Perennials by Emily Brown. 5th printing 1989 by Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-063-0 provides the planting site pages for perennials, which include most plant types except Annuals and Biennials.

Plants for Ground-Cover by Graham Stuart Thomas. Published by J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd in 1970 - reprinted (with further revisions) in 1990. ISBN 0-460-12609-1. This gives details on many more ground cover plants with inclusion (in the Index) of figures denoting the Hardiness Zones for each species in the United States of America.

Plant Name

with link to page with photos and mail-order nursery in Comments Row

Type

with link to mail-order nursery in UK

Height x Spread in inches (cms)

Foliage

with link to mail-order nursery in USA

Flower Colour in Month(s).

Use Pest Control using Plants to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected groundcover plant or deter its pests

Comments

United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map - This map of USA is based on a range of average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 13 of 10-degree F zones, that this plant will thrive in USA, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There are other Hardiness Zone Maps for the rest of the world including the one for Great Britain and Ireland of zones 7a to 10a. Zone 5-9 indicates that the minimum zone temperature this plant will grow is 5 and top minimum zone temperature is 9 - above this number is too hot or below 5 is too cold for the plant. If your zone in your area of your country is within that range or your zone number is greater, then you can grow it in your garden.

Salix alba var. vitellina
'Britzensis'

Deciduous Tree above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

960 x 360 (2400 x 900)

Dull Green

Yellowish-Green female catkins in
April-May

"White Willow". Bright Orange winter shoots. From Europe, northern Africa and central Asia. Makes a good windbreak tree, but has invasive roots.
Full Sun, Part Shade
Zones 2-10
cool, moist soil

Salix apoda

Deciduous Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

8 x 24
(20 x 60)

Dark Green

Silvery-Grey male catkins in
April

Salix caprea
'Kilmarnock'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 72 (150 x 180)

Dark Green above, Grey-Green beneath

Grey male catkins in
May-June

"Kilmarnock Willow". Native to Europe and northeast Asia. This grows well in brackish marshlands but its very strong suckering habit can cause problems in smaller gardens. A stiffly pendulous weeping tree.

Zones 5-10

Salix elaeagnos

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

120 x 180 (300 x 450)

Grey in Spring ,Dark Green in Summer, Yellow in Autumn

Green female catkins in
April-June

"Hoary Willow".

Salix hastata
'Wehrhahnii'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 36 (90 x 90)

Bright Green

Silvery-Grey male catkins in
April

Salix helvetica

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 16 (60 x 40)

Grey-Green, silver-downy beneath

Silver-Grey catkins in
April

"Swiss Willow".

Salix lanata

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 60 (90 x 150)

Dull Dark Green covered in Silvery-Grey wool

Golden-Yellow male catkins in
June

"Woolly Willow". From northern Europe with slow spreading habit.

Zones 2-9

Salix repens

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 60 (60 x 150)

Grey-Green to Bright Green, Silvery beneath

Grey male catkins in
May-June

"Creeping Willow".

Salix repens var. argentea

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 72 (90 x 180)

Silky Grey

Gold catkins in
May

Salix retusa

Deciduous Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

4 x 16
(10 x 40)

Glossy Mid-Green

Grey catkins in
April-May

Salix serpyllifolia

Deciduous Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

1 x 12
(2 x 30)

Glossy Mid-Green

Silvery-Green catkins in
April-May

"Thyme-leaved Willow".

Salvia nemerosa
'May Knight'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 12 (45 x 30)

Mid-Green

Violet-Blue in
June-August

"Woodland Sage".
Full Sun
Zone 5-9
Most soils - From Europe to Russia

Companions - Sisyrinchium striatum, artemisia, hemerocallis, lavandula, helenium, papaver, scabiosa, smaller euphorbias, roses. When using salvias as a cut flower, recut their stems underwater in the final vase.

Ashwood Nurseries grow about 80 Salvias.

Salvia officinalis
'Purpurascens'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Purple in Spring, Grey-Green in Summer, Autumn and Winter

Blue-Purple in
June-August

"Purple Sage".

Salvia x superba

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 24 (75 x 60)

Mid-Green

Bright Violet or Purple in
August-October

"Sage". Erect
Full Sun
Zone 5-9
Mid-border position in most reasonable soils.

Sambucus nigra
'Aurea'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

144 x 144 (360 x 360)

Golden-Yellow

Creamy-White in
June

"Black Elder,
Common Elder, Elderberry,
European Elder". The berries are used in pies, the flowers and fruit to make wine or liquers.
Full Sun or Shade
Zones 4-10
Well-drained fertile soil.

Sambucus racemosa
'Plumosa Aurea'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

Bronze juvenile turning Golden Yellow

Rich Yellow in
April

"Red-berried Elder".

Sanguinaria canadensis

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

Blue-Grey

White in
March-May

"Bloodroot". Self-sows, summer dormant. Grow in deciduous woodland, with sun in the spring.
Zone 4-9
From woodland and in rocky places in northeastern USA and eastern Canada.

Companions - trillium, hepatica, pulmonaria, primula, uvularia, jeffersonia, athyrium nipponicum cultivars, erythronium; the spring woodland garden.

Sanguisorbia canadensis

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 36 (180 x 90)

Dark Green

White in
August-November

"Canadian Burnet". Vigorous, good autumn colour.
Full Sun, Part Shade
Zone 3-8
Any good moist garden soil - Found in eastern North America.

Companions - grasses, astilbe, aconitum, astrantia, carex elata 'Aurea', lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea', lysimachia ephemerum, veronicastrum, polemonium, penstemon; the autumn border. A good cut flower.

Santolina chamaecyparissus

Evergreen Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

20 x 36 (50 x 90)

Grey-White

Yellow in
August-September

"Cotton Lavender, Lavender Cotton". Low-spreadng, aromatic shrub from coastal areas of the Mediterranean.
Full Sun
Zones 7-10
Any Well-drained soil - including sandy or gravelly. Cut back old wood immediately after flowering to encourage new growth from the base, and remove dead flowerheads and stems in autumn. It spreads rapidly by creeping stems.

Santolina chamaecyparissus
'Nana'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 24 (60 x 60)

Silver-Grey

Lemon-Yellow in
July-August

"Cotton Lavender".

Santolina pinnata neapolitana

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 36 (75 x 90)

Aromatic Grey-Green

Bright Yellow in
August

Left untouched, santolina can serve as an informal planting against a wood fence. Clipped, it can serve as a semi-formal, low hedge or as an accent plant in a patio or other small area, in which case it rarely flowers.

Santolina rosmarinifolia

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Bright Green

Bright Yellow in
August

Saponaria
'Bressingham'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

3 x 12
(7 x 30)

Mid-Green

Deep Pink in
July-September

"Soapwort".
Full Sun
Zone 5
Well-drained soil in rock garden, gravel garden and in gaps in paved areas.

Companions - fuchsia, persicaria, chelone, aubretia, anemone hupehensis and Anemone x hybrida, phlox subulata. A good low groundcover which will grow up through Michaelmas daisies, which prevents their flopping.

Saponaria ocymoides

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

3 x 18
(7 x 45)

Bright Green

Pink in
July-September

"Tumbling Ted".
Rock garden plant.
Full Sun
Zone 4-8
Well-drained rocky/sandy soil

Saponaria ocymoides
'Alba'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

3 x 18
(7 x 45)

Bright Green

White in
July-September

Rock garden plant.
Full Sun
Zone 5
Well-drained rocky/sandy soil

Sarcocca humilis

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Glossy Dark Green

Fragrant Pink-tinged White in
January-March

"Christmas Box, Sweet Box".
Part Shade
Zone 5
Acidic soil with plenty of organic matter. Water frequently until the plant becomes established, then water normally.
Excellent as a mass planting in heavily shaded areas where little else grows or as a low edging in front of such tall growing shrubs as rhododendrons and camellias.

Sarcocca confusa

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 36 (180 x 90)

Glossy Dark Green

Very Fragrant White in
January-March

"Christmas Box, Sweet Box". Dense plant
Glossy Black fruit.
Full Sun
Zones 5-10
Cool, moist climate with well-drained soil

Sasa veitchii

Evergreen Bamboo 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x indefinite (120 x indefinite)

Green with White edges in Spring and Summer, Green with Straw edges in Autumn and Winter

...

Satureja spicigera

Deciduous Sub-Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

Mid-Green

White in
July-September

Saxifraga
'Bob Hawkins'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

White-variegated Mid-Green

Greenish-White in
July-September

"Saxifrage".
Saxifrages prefer
Light Shade
Zone 5
Moist, yet well-drained, neutral to alkaline soil.

Companions - ferns, hosta, primula, arisaema, geranium, astilbe, aruncus aethusifolius, viola cornuta, hakonechloa.

Saxifraga
'Southside Seedling'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 8
(30 x 20)

Pale Green

White heavily spotted Red in
June-July

Saxifraga exerata subsp. moschata

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

4 x 12
(10 x 30)

Pale Green

Cream or Yellow in
June-October

Compact, mossy cushion. From mountains of central and souhern Europe, the Caucasus and northwest Iran

Saxifraga exerata subsp. moschata
'Cloth of Gold'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

4 x 12
(10 x 30)

Golden

Cream or Yellow in
June-October

Best grown in shade with golden foliage.

Saxifraga marginata

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

3 x 12
(7 x 30)

Silver-Grey

White in
April

Saxifraga x urbium

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x indefinite (30 x indefinite)

Green

White in Summer

"London Pride". Ground Cover Evergreen. Slowly spreads further.
Part Shade to Full Shade
Zone 5-9
Also does well in poor soil

Scabiosa graminifolia

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

10 x 12 (25 x 30)

Mid-Green

Lilac to Violet in
July-September

Prefers alkaline soil.

Companions - coreopsis, hemerocallis, heliopsis, agastache, dianthus, campanula, delphinium, nepeta, calamintha, salvia, stachys; suited to a sunny border and the cottage garden.

Schizophragma hydrangeoides

Deciduous Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

480 x 120 (1200 x 300)

Dark Green

Fragrant Creamy-White in
August

Sedum 'Ruby Glow'

There are more than 300 species and at least twice as many varities of sedum.

Deciduous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

10 x 18 (25 x 45)

Green-Purple

Ruby-Red in
August-October

"Stonecrop". Lax habit, large heads.
Zone 4
Sedums prefer
Full Sun
Zone 5-9
Well-drained soil, with low to moderated fertility.

Sedum acre

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

2 x 24
(5 x 60)

Pale Green

Yellow-Green in
July-September

"Biting Stonecrop, Common Stonecrop, Wallpepper, Gold-moss Stonecrop".

It is perfectly happy growing between stepping-stones and in rock crevices and stays green throughout the coldest of winters.

Sedum lydium

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

2 x 8
(5 x 20)

Red-tipped Bright to Mid-Green

White in
July-September

Sedum telephium subsp. maximum
'Atropurpureum'

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Deep Purple

Deep Pink in
September-October

"Orpine". Chocolate-brown seedheads, open habit. Clump-former
Zone 3-9

Sedum rupestre

Evergreen Alpine below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

4 x 24
(10 x 60)

Grey-Green

Yellow
in July-September

"Stone Orpine, Reflexed Stonecrop".

Found on walls, rocks and stony banks in western and central Europe, southern Scandinavia, and western Ukraine

Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'

Evergreen Alpine below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

4 x 24
(10 x 60)

Silvery-Green, frequently suffused Purple

Yellow
in July-September

"Stonecrop".

Sedum spectabile
'Brilliant'

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 18 (45 x 45)

Grey-Green

Rose-Pink in
September-October

"Ice Plant, Butterfly Stonecrop". Striking colour, large heads.
Zone 4-9

Senecio abrotanifolius

Evergreen Sub-Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Glossy Dark Green

Yellow to Orange-Scarlet in
August-October

Senecio cineraria

Evergreen Sub-Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 24 (60 x 60)

Felted Silvery-Grey

Mustard-Yellow in
August

Shibataea kumasasa

Evergreen Bamboo 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x 24 (120 x 60)

Rich Dark Green

...

Densely plant if required as ground cover.

Shortia galacifolia

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

6 x 10
(15 x 25)

Glossy Dark Green turning Bronze-Red in Autumn

White in
June

"Oconee Bells".

Silene schafta

Semi-Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

10 x 12 (25 x 30)

Bright Green

Deep Magenta in
September-November

"Campion, Catchfly, Moss Campion". Clump-forming
Full Sun
Zone 5-9
Well-drained soil - From the Caucasus

Companions - low-growing grasses, shorter campanulas, erigeron, euphorbia myrsinites, dianthus deltoides, iris germanica (dwarf forms), Iris sibirica

Skimmia japonica

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 60 (150 x 150)

Dark Green

Fragrant White in
May-June

"Japanese Skimmia". Female plants have Red fruit; both male and female plants to be present for pollination. Needs light dappled to deep shade.
Zones 7-10
Humus-rich, well-drained soil.

Companions - Rhododendrons, azallias, camelias.

Skimmia japonica
'Fructo Albo'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 36 (60 x 90)

Dark Green

Fragrant White in
May-June

White fruit.

Skimmia japonica
'Rubella'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 48 (150 x 120)

Red-margined Green

White in
December-April

Skimmia x confusa
'Kew Green'

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 48 (60 x 120)

Aromatic Mid-Green

Fragrant Creamy-White in
April-June

Smilacina racemosa

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 18 (75 x 45)

Mid-Green turn Yellow in Autumn

White in
May-June

"False Spikenard". Red berries. Spreads slowly. Fragrant flowers.
Zone 4-9

Companions - digitalis, astilbe, paeonia, trillium, fuchsia, anemone nemerosa 'Vestal', arum italicum, dicentra formosa, polygonatum. Best at edge of woodland, or under trees in the mixed border. Top-dress the plant with organic material.

Solanum crispum
'Glasnevin'

Semi-Evergreen Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

240 x 120 (600 x 300)

Dark Green

Lilac-Purple in
July-October

"Chilean Potato Tree".
Yellowish-White fruit.

Solanum jasminoides
'Album'

Semi-Evergreen Climber above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

240 x 120 (600 x 300)

Glossy Dark Green

Fragrant White in
July-December

"Potato Vine".

Solanum laciniatum

Evergreen Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 60 (180 x 150)

Mid-Green

Dark Blue in
July-December

"Kangaroo Apple". Bright Orange fruit.

Solanum tuberosum

Vegetable

Dark Green

...

"Potato".

Solidago
'Golden Wings'

Herbaceous Perennial 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 36 (180 x 90)

Mid-Green

Golden-Yellow in
September-October

"Golden Rod". Very branched.
Full Sun
Zone 5-9
Moisture-retentive soil.

Companions - sedum ruprechtii, helenium, kniphofia, crocosmia, achillea, aster, nepeta, salvia, x solidaster, monarda, grasses, veronica, vernonia

Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta

Herbaceous Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

6 x 10
(15 x 25)

Mid-Green

Deep Yellow in
September-October

Good for a rock garden.

Sophora japonica
'Pendula'

Deciduous Tree above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

120 x 120 (300 x 300)

Glossy Dark Green, turn Yellow in Autumn

White in
September-October

"Japanese Pagoda Tree, Pagoda Tree". From China and Korea. It is often grafted onto 96 inch (240 cm) standards to produce a small weeping tree.
Full Sun, Part Shade
Zones 4-10
Moist, well-drained soil. They can be grown in small groves, or used as shade trees or lawn specimens.

Sorbaria sorbifolia

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 120 (180 x 300)

Dark Green

White in
August-September

Suitable for medium sized garden, the Aesculus parviflora has long plumes of scented white flowers. With them flowers Sorbaria sorbifolia, which makes a thicket.
Full Sun
Rich, moist soil; most species sucker freely

Sorbus aucuparia
'Sheerwater Seedling'

Deciduous Tree above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

360 x 180 (900 x 450)

Mid to Dark Green in Spring and Summer, Yellow or Red in Autumn

White in
May

"Mountain Ash, Rowan, European Mountain Ask". From European and Asian forests. Orange-Red berries.
Full Sun, Part Shade
Zones 2-9
Any well-drained fertile soil

Sorbus sargentiana

Deciduous Tree above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

240 x 240 (600 x 600)

Dark Green in Spring and Summer, Orange and Red in Autumn

White in
July

Sorbus vilmorinii

Deciduous Tree above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

192 x 156 (480 x 390)

Glossy Dark Green

White in
June-July

From China

Zones 6-9

Sorbus x thuringiaca
'Fastigiata'

Deciduous Tree above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

480 x 144 (1200 x 360)

Glossy Dark Green turn Yellow-Brown in Autumn

White in
June

Spartium junceum

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

120 x 96 (300 x 240)

Dark Green

Fragrant Golden-Yellow in
July-October

"Spanish Broom". Bears masses of fragrant pea-flowers on a bushy shrub.
Full Sun
Zones 6-11
Well-drained soil enriched with a little organic matter. Pruning after flowering will maintain compact, well-shaped bushes

Spiraea cantoniensis

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 120 (180 x 300)

Blue-Green

White in
July

"Reeves' Spiraea". From China. It can be used for hedging.
Part Shade
Zones 5-11
Moist, well-drained soil

Spiraea japonica
'Allgold'

Deciduous Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

18 x 24 (45 x 60)

Golden-Yellow

Pink in
August-September

"Japanese Spiraea". Low, mounding.
Part Shade
Zones 3-10
Moist, well-drained soil.

Spiraea japonica
'Bullata'

Deciduous Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

16 x 20 (40 x 50)

Very Dark Green

Deep Pink in
July-August

Spiraea japonica
'Goldflame'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 30 (75 x 75)

Orange-Red in Spring, Bright Yellow in Summer, Pale Green in Autumn

Deep Rose-Pink in
July-August

Spiraea japonica
'Little Princess'

Deciduous Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

20 x 36 (50 x 90)

Dark Green above, Grey-Green beneath

Rose-Pink in
July-August

Spiraea japonica
'Shirobana'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

30 x 36 (75 x 90)

Dark Green above, Grey-Green beneath

Both Deep Pink and White in
July-September

Stachys byzantina

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 24 (30 x 60)

Densely White-Woolly on Grey-Green

Magenta in
July-October

"Lambs' Ears, Lambs' Lugs, Lamb's Tails, Lambs' Tongues". Mat-forming, self-sows
Zone 4-9

Companions - salvia, roses, stokesia, dianthus, sedum, nepeta, molinia caerulea 'Variegata', acaena.

The gray leaves of Stachys byzantina stand out dramatically against the green foliage of plants such as wild strawberry - fragaria. The plant also combines well with other gray-foliaged plants, including blue fescue, dianthus, woolly thyme and snow-in-summer

Stachys byzantina
'Silver Carpet'

Evergreen Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

5 x 12
(12 x 30)

Intensely Silvered, Greyish-White

Non-flowering

Mildew prone, spreads. Mat-forming.
Full Sun
Zone 4-9
Good drainage. Native to dry, rocky slopes, scrub and waste ground in southwest Asia

Stachys candida

Deciduous Sub-Shrub below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

6 x 12
(15 x 30)

White-felted Grey-Green

White in
July-September

Stephanandra incisa
'Crispa'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

24 x 24 (60 x 60)

Bright Green in Spring and Summer, Orange-Yellow in Autumn

Greenish-White in
June

"Lace Shrub, Cutleaf Stephanandra". From Japan, Taiwan and Korea. Graceful arching branches.
Full Sun, Part Shade
Zones 4-10
Rich, moist, loamy soil

Stipa gigantea

Evergreen Grass above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

96 x 48 (240 x 120)

Mid-Green

Silvery Purplish-Green spikelets in
July-September

"Giant Feather Grass, Golden Oats".
Full Sun
Zone 6
Well-drained, light soil. Grow in large drifts, either in gravel gardens or against walls and buildings where it has some protection from cold, wet winters. Native to Spain, Portugal, and Morocco.

Symphoricarpus albus var. laevigatus

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 72 (180 x 180)

Dark Green

Pink in July-September

"Snowberry".
Pure White fruit.

Symphoricarpus x chenaultii
'Hancock'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

36 x 120 (90 x 300)

Bronze in Spring, Bright Green in Summer and Autumn

White in
June-July

Dark Pink fruit
Full Sun, Shade
Zones 4-9
Moist, well-drained soil. As they are resistant to shade, poor soil and pollution, they are very suitable for city gardens.

Symphoricarpus x doorenbosii
'Magic Berry'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

48 x 48 (120 x 120)

Light Green

White in
August-September

Symphytum
'Goldsmith'

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

12 x 12 (30 x 30)

Dark Green with Gold and Cream markings

Pale Blue, Cream or Pink in
May-June

"Comfrey". Best suited to Wild Gardens. May revert, spreading.
Dappled Shade
Zone 3-9
Moist, deep, fertile soil

Companions - grasses, iris sibirica, brunnera, astrantia, cimicifuga, campanula

Symphytum
ibericum

Deciduous Rhizome Perennial below 24 inches (60 cms) in height

16 x 24 (40 x 60)

Mid-Green

Pale Yellow in
June-July

"Comfrey". Invasive
Dappled Shade
Zone 4-9Spreads rapidly and makes excellent ground cover under trees and shrubs
 

Syringa meyeri
'Palibin'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

60 x 60 (150 x 150)

Mid-Green

Fragrant Lavender-Pink in
June-July

"Lilac". From China. Spreading shrub.
Full Sun, Light Shade
Zones 4-9
Moist, humus-rich, well-drained soil. They do best where winters are cold because they require a few frosts in order to flower well. Any pruning is best done immediately after flowering.

Syringa pubescens microphylla
'Superba'

Deciduous Shrub 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) in height

72 x 72 (180 x 180)

Mid-Green

Rose-Pink in
May-October

"Lilac".

Syringa sweginzowii

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

144 x 96 (360 x 240)

Mid-Green

Fragrant Pale Pink to Lilac-Pink or White in
June-July

"Lilac".

Syringa vulgaris
'Charles Joly'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

132 x 120 (330 x 300)

Bright Green

Deep Purple-Red in
June-July

"Common Lilac". Prefers alkaline soil. Very fragrant flowers and strongly upright growth
Zones 5-9

Syringa vulgaris
'Madame Lemoine'

Deciduous Shrub above 72 inches (180 cms) in height

144 x 132 (360 x 330)

Mid-Green

White in
June-July

"Common Lilac". Free-flowering and compact shrub.
Zones 5-9

Height in inches (cms):-

25.4mm = 1 inch
304.8mm = 12 inches
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
914.4mm = 1 yard

I normally round this to
25mm = 1 inch
300mm = 30 cms = 12 inches =1 foot,
900 mm = 3 feet = 1 yard and
1000mm = 100 cms = 1 metre = 40 inches

Site design and content copyright ©December 2006. Page structure changed September 2012. Height x Spread in feet changed to Height x Spread in inches (cms) May 2015. Data added to existing pages December 2017. Zone and Companion Data added April 2022. Chris Garnons-Williams.

DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site.  

Details of smaller Salix, Sanguinaria, Saponaria, Saxifraga, Sedum, Shortia, Silene and Spiraea and which container to grow the plant in:-

• A. The plant can be grown in sinks, trough, pans or scree beds
• B. The plant is best accommodated in a trough or sink.
• C. Suitable for peat beds and raised beds (suitable for alpine rhododendrons)

Light Sandy Soil is usually fairly infertile, and it also dries out quickly. In such cases, use drought-tolerant plants, such as ones that grow in dry soil conditions (see plants in the Dry section of the Moisture column of the soil type, aspect and moisture list page) and also do the following actions, since any nutrients in the soil are usually washed out very quickly.

Acid soil is most common in places that experience heavy rainfall and have moister environments. Areas in red have acidic soil, areas in yellow are neutral and areas in blue have alkaline soil in the World Map. Find Me Plants has further details on other plants for acidic soils, when you set Soil Type in Part 1: Surveying the planting area to Sandy/Gritty, or Light Sand or Stony/Sub-Soil.

Action to assist in Light Sandy soil maintenance:-

• Mulch the beds with a 4 inch (100mm) deep layer of Spent Mushroom Compost to improve fertility and drainage; preferably in the Autumn in between the existing plants, and top it up each year after that with a Bark Mulch instead (available from garden centres or Gardenscape). This will stop the Light Sandy soil from drying out through the action of sun and wind on its surface, and to provide carbon to aid in soil formation and fertility. Adding clay in water solution as a spray will also greater improve the soil structure.
• If starting a new lawn or bed, add the 4 inch layer of Spent Mushroom Compost mulch and rotovate that in. If you also add an inch deep of clay, before rotovating that in as well, then that will provide part of the glue in creating a better soil from the sand. Heel and rake the ground for a new turf (or to be seeded) lawn, before laying or seeding it. Insert plants in new bed, before installing the irrigation system and then applying a 4 inch layer of this mulch on top of it.
• Spread 5Kg of Dolodust (Dolomitic Lime), with 2Kg of Maxicrop Seaweed Meal over a 25 square yard or 25 square metre lawn area, each April. This will improve the fertility of the lawn by providing calcium and the trace elements (See What is Soil Texture Page and How are chemicals stored and released from soil Page in the Soil Section for further details). Spreading the same amount of Dolomitic Lime and Maxicrop Seaweed Meal on the flower/vegetable beds at the same time would also be beneficial.

Sources of further information:-

• Notcutts Catalogue of 1994 - retail catalogue of their plants for sale. It has Plants for a Purpose pages including one on Light sandy dry soil including trees for gravel workings.
   
• The Royal Horticultural Society Gardeners' Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers. Editor-in-Chief Christopher Brickell. Published by Dorling Kindsley Limited. Reprinted and updated 1990, 2/1990, 3/1990. ISBN 0-86318-386-7. The Planter's Guide suggests lists of plants that are suitable for growing in particular situations, or that have special uses or characteristics including Plants for Sandy Soil.
   

Gardening in Sandy Soil by C.L. Fornari. A very useful book and one you can have on a Kindle in December 2017. A Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin with this Index:-

• The benefits of Sandy Soil
  • Drainage
  • Root Penetration
  • Air Circulation
  • Digging
• The disadvantages of gardening in sand
  • Rapid water loss
  • Nutrient loss
• Strategies for Success: using amendmentss
  • Soil amendments
  • Green amendments
  • Amending new beds
  • Amending established beds
• Fertilizing
• Mulch
  • Mulching materials
  • How much mulch
  • Problems with mulch
• Choosing plants
  • Sandy soils and pH
  • Moisture-loving plants in sandy soil
  • Vegetables in sandy soil
• Plants for sandy soils - I have bought the book and read it, but unfortunately I have not added its recommended plants.
  I would at least recommend that its list is carefully looked at by the Americans; for whom it was written.
  • Ground covers and Grasses
  • Annuals
  • Perennials
  • Shrubs and Trees

Action to assist in other soil types in:-

• Read 'Explaination of how soil works' and 'Negative impacts on the soil food web' for Any and Peat
• Chalk
• Clay
• Acid (Lime-Free)

The following is from "A land of Soil, Milk and Honey" by Bernard Jarman in Star & Furrow Issue 122 January 2015 - Journal of the Biodynamic Association;_

"Soil is created in the first place through the activity of countlesss micro-organisms, earthworms and especially the garden worm (Lumbricus terrestris). This species is noticeably active in the period immediately before and immediately after mid-winter. In December we find it (in the UK) drawing large numbers of autumn leaves down into the soil. Worms consume all kinds of plant material along with sand and mineral substances. In form, they live as a pure digestive tract. The worm casts excreted from their bodies form the basis of a well-structured soil with an increased level of available plant nutrients:-

• 5% more nitrogen,
• 7% more phosphorous and
• 11% more potasium than the surrounding topsoil.

Worms also burrow to great depths and open up the soil for air and water to penetrate, increasing the scope of a fertile soil.

After the earthworm, the most important helper of the biodynamic farmer is undoubetdly

• the cow. A cow's digestive system is designed to make use of roughage such as grass and hay. Cow manure is arguably the most effective and long lasting of all the fertilizing agents at the farmer's disposal and has been found to have a carry over effect of at least 4 years. It is also one of the most balanced and it contains no grass seeds, since they have been completely digested.
• Pig manure is rich in potassium, attractive to earthworms and beneficial on sandy soils.
• Horse manure increases soil activity and stimulates strong healthy growth, but it does contain grass seed and other seeds."
   

Plant Combinations for Sandy Soil

Action to assist in Light Sandy soil maintenance is given in the row above and this is required annually.

Plants

Comments

Sun lovers - You can achieve a design with grey-leaved plants, interspersed with smaller or larger groups of taller perennials and a single shrub. Because the grey-leaved plants predominate they are used as a basis, with suggestions for plants which can be combined with them.

Grey Foliage with white and yellow flowers and plants that combine with these

• Yarrow (Achillea chrysocoma),
• pearl everlasting (Anaphalis),
• mouse ear (Cerastium),
• Raoulia,
• catchfly (Silene uniflora 'Robin Whitebreast') and the
• bunnies' ears (Stachys byzantina 'Silver Carpet')

all have grey leaves and either white, yellow or inconspicuous flowers.

If the above plants are planted together; the effect of different heights and size of leaf will be rather messy and unclear. Plant the above as the background ground cover and the ones in the next column within that background.

• Acaena buchanii and Acaena magellanica being silver-leaved species of the pirri-pirri-bur form pretty vigorous ground cover. Add a few groups of grey-leaved grasses for their contrasting shape to make an interesting picture. The ground-covering Festuca glauca and Koeleria glauca are especially suitable, to which can be added the tall, also grey-leafed blue oat grass Helictotrichon sempervirens, for a striking feature.
• Gypsophila, with its delicate flowers, can best be planted next to a plant which has a strong leaf structure, for example Geranium renardii.
• For a taller feature among the grey-leafed ground cover you can choose one of the beautiful cultivars of the common German flag, Iris germanica. The tall, sword-shaped leaves which are grey-green, stand out very well here.
• The Yucca has a similar structure, forming a stout clump of leaves with tall sprays of white flowers.
• The tall mulleins, especially Verbascum bombyciferum, with splendid rosettes of grey, felty leaves and yellow flowers like huge torches that can easily reach 60 inches (150 cms), a real must.
• Annuals that deserve a place in this predominantly grey planting include Gazania pinnata with yellow flowers and the white Senecio cineraria.

The above comes from Ground Cover. How to use flowering and foliage plants to cover areas of soil by Mineke Kurpershoek. Published by Rebo Productions Ltd in 1997. ISBN 1 901094 41 3

Contents

• Chapter 1 What are ground-cover plants?
• Chapter 2 Plant combinations for normal garden soil
• Chapter 3 Plant combinations for sandy soil
• Chapter 4 Plant combinations for clay soil
• Chapter 5 Woodland, heaths and wet soil
• Chapter 6 Shrubs for slopes and large beds
• Chapter 7 The A to Z of plants for ground cover.
   

To locate mail-order nursery for plants from the UK in this gallery try using search in RHS Find a Plant.

To locate plants in the European Union (EU) try using Search Term in Gardens4You and Meilland Richardier in France.

To locate mail-order nursery for plants from America in this gallery try using search in Plant Lust.

To locate plant information in Australia try using Plant Finder in Gardening Australia.

To see what plants that I have described in this website see
Plant Botanical Index
...A, B, C, D, E,
...F, G, H, I, J, K,
...L, M, N, O, P, Q,
...R, S, T, U, V, W,
...X, Y, Z

Top ten plants that are bad for bees from Countryfile Magazine

"Lavender, alliums, fuschias, sweet peas - keen gardeners know the very best flowers to entice bees to their gardens. But what about plants that are  bad for bees? Here is our expert guide to the top ten plants that you should avoid to keep bees happy and buzzing, plus the perfect alternatives.

1. Rhododendron
Spectacular and beautiful, not many people know the common rhododendron hides a poisonous secret – its nectar is toxic to bees. It’s common practice for beekeepers to keep their hives closed until the flowering season is over. The resulting honey from rhododendrons has also been known to contaminate honey, making it unsafe for humans to eat.
Alternative: Clematis have beautiful, wide flowers and are 100 per cent bee-friendly.

2. Azalea
Rhododendron’s sister, azaleas are also toxic to bees.
Alternative: Foxgloves (Digitalis) are a bee favourite and despite being poisonous if consumed by humans, they are both honey and bee safe.

3. Trumpet flower, or angel’s trumpet (Brugmansia suaveolens)
Though ornamental and sweet smelling, the trumpet flower’s nectar can cause brood death in bees and is best avoided.
Alternative: Try honeysuckle (Lonicera) instead for deliciously scented results.

4. Oleander (Nerium oleander)
Harmful to butterflies as well as bees, oleander has a severe effect on hives. Nectar taken to the hive concentrates as it dries out, which increases the amount of toxins and usually results in a mass hive wipeout. 
Alternative: Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus) are equally as bright and arguably more attractive in small or large gardens.

5. Yellow Jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens)
Pleasantly aromatic and attractive as they are, bees are often poisoned by the vines and flowers of the yellow jessamine and its toxins are said to be as severe as hemlock.
Alternative: Plant Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia hirta) in tubs and along fences for a pretty, easy-to-grow substitute.

6. Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia)
Part of the blueberry family, the mountain laurel is an evergreen shrub with sweet, white or pink flowers when in bloom. Pretty they may be, but the honey produced by mountain laurel is toxic to humans and is often bitter tasting.
Alternative: Lilacs (Syringa) are both beautiful and wonderfully sweet smelling. Easy to grow and are loved by bees and butterflies. 

7. Stargazer lily (Lilium 'Stargazer')
Stunning but deadly to cats, stargazer lilies’ pollen is poisonous to bees.
Alternative: Hollyhocks (Alcea) are impressive and just as beautiful as the stargazer but bee-friendly.

8. Heliconia Exotic and interesting, heliconia, or lobster-claws as its sometimes called, is very toxic to bees. You should not prune your heliconias, as the 'stem' is actually made up of rolled leaf bases and the flowers emerge from the top of these 'pseudostems'. However, each stem will only flower once, so after flowering you can cut that stem out. This is recommended, to encourage more flowering, to increase airflow in between the stems of your plant, and also to generally tidy it up and improve the appearance.
Alternative: Although not quite as exotic, hyacinths are fragrant, gorgeous and easy to grow. Hyacinth bulbs are poisonous; they contain oxalic acid. Handling hyacinth bulbs can cause mild skin irritation. Protective gloves are recommended.

9. Bog rosemary (Andromeda polifolia -
All parts of the plant contain andromedotoxin and are considered poisonous)
Not to be confused with the herb, bog rosemary is acutely poisonous and the honey produced from the nectar of Andromeda polifolia contains high enough levels of grayanotoxin to cause full body paralysis and potentially fatal breathing difficulties due to diaphragm paralysis.
Alternative: Why not try planting a classic rosemary bush (Rosmarinus officinalis) – aromatic, resilient and favoured by bees.

10. Amaryllis (Hippeastrum)
Now most commonly recognised as decorative Christmas flowers, amaryllis are gorgeous in bloom but their pollen produces toxic honey. Bulbs, chewing or ingestion of the bulbs, leaves or flowers poisons goats and sheep with Lycorine (An emetic) and small amounts of alkaloids.
Alternative: Dahlias are a highlight of late summer gardens. Beautiful and simple to grow, dahlias often flower until the first frosts of the year."

This is another list of Plants toxic to bees, which includes:-
Aesculus californica,
Astralagus species,
Cuscuta species,
Cyrilla racemiflora,
Solanum nigram,
Veratrum cailfornicum,
Zygadenus cenesosus,
Corynocarpus laevigata,
Angelica triqueta,
Astralagus lentiginosus,
Camellia thea,
Ochrama lagopus,
Sophora microphylla,
Tillia species,
Verartrum californicum,
Asclepias species,
Astralagus miser v. serotibus.

The following details come from Cactus Art:-

"A flower is the the complex sexual reproductive structure of Angiosperms, typically consisting of an axis bearing perianth parts, androecium (male) and gynoecium (female).    

Bisexual flower show four distinctive parts arranged in rings inside each other which are technically modified leaves: Sepal, petal, stamen & pistil. This flower is referred to as complete (with all four parts) and perfect (with "male" stamens and "female" pistil). The ovary ripens into a fruit and the ovules inside develop into seeds.

Incomplete flowers are lacking one or more of the four main parts. Imperfect (unisexual) flowers contain a pistil or stamens, but not both. The colourful parts of a flower and its scent attract pollinators and guide them to the nectary, usually at the base of the flower tube.

Androecium (male Parts or stamens)
It is made up of the filament and anther, it is the pollen producing part of the plant.
Anther This is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen. 
Filament This is the fine hair-like stalk that the anther sits on top of.
Pollen This is the dust-like male reproductive cell of flowering plants.

Gynoecium (female Parts or carpels or pistil)
 It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures.
Stigma
This is the part of the pistil  which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate. 
Style
This is the long stalk that the stigma sits on top of ovary. 
Ovary
The part of the plant that contains the ovules. 
Ovule
The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds. 

Petal 
The colorful, often bright part of the flower (corolla). 
Sepal 
The parts that look like little green leaves that cover the outside of a flower bud (calix). 
(Undifferentiated "Perianth segment" that are not clearly differentiated into sepals and petals, take the names of tepals.)"

The following details come from Nectary Genomics:-

"NECTAR. Many flowering plants attract potential pollinators by offering a reward of floral nectar. The primary solutes found in most nectars are varying ratios of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which can range from as little a 8% (w/w) in some species to as high as 80% in others. This abundance of simple sugars has resulted in the general perception that nectar consists of little more than sugar-water; however, numerous studies indicate that it is actually a complex mixture of components. Additional compounds found in a variety of nectars include other sugars, all 20 standard amino acids, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, vitamins, organic acids, oils, free fatty acids, metal ions and proteins.

NECTARIES. An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing the complex mixture of compounds found in nectar. Nectaries can occur in different areas of flowers, and often take on diverse forms in different species, even to the point of being used for taxonomic purposes. Nectaries undergo remarkable morphological and metabolic changes during the course of floral development. For example, it is known that pre-secretory nectaries in a number of species accumulate large amounts of starch, which is followed by a rapid degradation of amyloplast granules just prior to anthesis and nectar secretion. These sugars presumably serve as a source of nectar carbohydrate.

WHY STUDY NECTAR? Nearly one-third of all worldwide crops are dependent on animals to achieve efficient pollination. In addition, U.S. pollinator-dependent crops have been estimated to have an annual value of up to $15 billion. Many crop species are largely self-incompatible (not self-fertile) and rely almost entirely on animal pollinators to achieve full fecundity; poor pollinator visitation has been reported to reduce yields of certain species by up to 50%."

The following details about DOUBLE FLOWERS comes from Wikipedia:-

"Double-flowered" describes varieties of flowers with extra petals, often containing flowers within flowers. The double-flowered trait is often noted alongside the scientific name with the abbreviation fl. pl. (flore pleno, a Latin ablative form meaning "with full flower"). The first abnormality to be documented in flowers, double flowers are popular varieties of many commercial flower types, including roses, camellias and carnations. In some double-flowered varieties all of the reproductive organs are converted to petals — as a result, they are sexually sterile and must be propagated through cuttings. Many double-flowered plants have little wildlife value as access to the nectaries is typically blocked by the mutation.

There is further photographic, diagramatic and text about Double Flowers from an education department - dept.ca.uky.edu - in the University of Kentucky in America.

"Meet the plant hunter obsessed with double-flowering blooms" - an article from The Telegraph.

THE 2 EUREKA EFFECT PAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING SOIL AND HOW PLANTS INTERACT WITH IT OUT OF 10,000:-

• THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE 2 QUARTZ GRAIN SIBLINGS, and
• HOW ROOTS OF PLANTS ARE IN CONTROL IN THE SOIL
• before continuing in this website.

Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos (of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)

Choose 1 of these different Plant selection Methods:-

1. Choose a plant from 1 of 53 flower colours in the Colour Wheel Gallery.

2. Choose a plant from 1 of 12 flower colours in each month of the year from 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery.

3. Choose a plant from 1 of 6 flower colours per month for each type of plant:-

Aquatic
Bedding
Bulb
Climber
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
Deciduous Tree
Evergreen Perennial
Evergreen Shrub
Evergreen Tree
Hedging
Herbaceous Perennial
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron nectar and the nectar from the plants in the fifth row above are toxic to bees
Rose
Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
Wild Flower

4. Choose a plant from its Flower Shape:-

Shape, Form
Index
Flower Shape

5. Choose a plant from its foliage:-

Bamboo
Conifer
Fern
Grass
Vegetable

6. There are 6 Plant Selection Levels including Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in Plants Topic.

or

7. when I do not have my own or ones from mail-order nursery photos , then from March 2016, if you want to start from the uppermost design levels through to your choice of cultivated and wildflower plants to change your Plant Selection Process then use the following galleries:-

• Create and input all plants known by Amateur Gardening inserted into their Sanders' Encyclopaedia from their edition published in 1960 (originally published by them in 1895) into these
  • Stage 1 - Garden Style Index Gallery,
    then
  • Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery being the only gallery from these 7 with photos (from Wikimedia Commons) ,
    then
  • Stage 3 - All Plants Index Gallery with each plant species in its own Plant Type Page followed by choice from Stage 4a, 4b, 4c and/or 4d REMEMBERING THE CONSTRAINTS ON THE SELECTION FROM THE CHOICES MADE IN STAGES 1 AND 2
  • Stage 4a - 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery,
  • Stage 4b - 12 Foliage Colours per Month Index Gallery with
  • Stage 4c - Cultivation, Position, Use Index Gallery and
  • Stage 4d - Shape, Form Index Gallery
  • Unfortunately, if you want to have 100's of choices on selection of plants from 1000's of 1200 pixels wide by up to 16,300 pixels in length webpages, which you can jump to from almost any of the pages in these 7 galleries above, you have to put up with those links to those choices being on
    • the left topic menu table,
    • the header of the middle data table and on
    • the page/index menu table on the right of every page of those galleries.

There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:-

• 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
• Plants Blue, Orange, Red, Yellow, White, Other Colours which lead on to other pages
• Colour Wheel - All Flowers per Month 12
• Bedding
• Bulb
• Climber
• Deciduous Shrub
• Deciduous Tree
• Evergreen Perennial
• Evergreen Shrub
• Evergreen Tree
• Herbaceous Perennial
• Rhododendron
• Rose
• Wild Flower

• Plants for Cut Flowers in
  January
  February
  March
  April
  May
  June
  July
  August
  September
  October
  November
  December
• Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with flowers in
  Jan,
  Feb,
  Mar,
  Apr,
  May 1, 2
  Jun,
  Jul,
  Aug,
  Sep,
  Oct,
  Nov,
  Dec

• Indoor Bulbs for
  December
  January
  February
• Indoor Bulbs for
  March
  April
  May
• Indoor
  Bulbs for
  June
  July
  August
• Indoor Bulbs for
  September
  October
  November
• Plant Bloom
  Dec-Jan
  Feb-Mar
• Plant Bloom
  Apr-May
  Jun-Aug
• Plant Bloom
  Sep-Oct
  Nov-Dec