This Table of Selected Wild Plants comes from The Illustrated Guide to EDIBLE PLANTS by Dagmar Lanska. ISBN 1 85152 117 8

Common Name

Botanical Name

Collected part

month of collection

use in kitchen

medicinal effects

yarrow

achillea millefolium

leaf

Apr-May

in soups, sauces, omelets

improves digestion and appetite

flower

May-September

to season dishes

Sweet-flag

acorus calumus

rhizome

Mar-Apr ,
Sep-Nov

to spice liquers, sauces, soups, sweetmeats, compotes, brandy, tea, vegetables

improves digestion and appetite

leaf

Mar-Apr

in salads

goutweed

aegopodium podagraria

leaf

Apr-Nov

in soups, salads

source of vitamins

lady's mantle

alchemilla xanthochlora

leaf

May-Sep

in soups, spinach, vegetable dishes

assists digestion, diuretic properties

garlic mustard

Garlic Mustard is
Alliaria petiolata

(Alliare officinale,
Erbe Sophia,
Erva Adheira,
Hedge Garlic,
Hierba del Ajo,
Jack-by-the-Hedge, Knoblauchsrauke, Lauchkraut, Lauchrauch,
St. Sophia's Herb)

Crucifer family

leaf

Apr-Nov

in soups, sauces, spreads, stuffings, vegetable salads, forcemeat, lamb

antispasmodic and disinfectant. effect on digestive tract

seeds

Apr-Nov

to season dishes

chives

allium schoenoprasum

leaf

Apr-May

in soups, sauces, egg dishes, salads, mayonnaise, spreads, herb butters

improves digestion, appetite, lowers blood pressure

wild garlic

allium ursinum

tops

Apr-May

in salads, vegetables, pulses, sauces, stuffings, minced meats, mayonnaise, spreads, with fish, poultry, in herb butters

antispasmodic and disinfective effect on digestive tract

bulb

Sep-Oct

long-rooted garlic

allium vistoriale

leaf

Apr-Jun

in soups, sauces, mayonnaise, salads, spreads, on grilled meats, with amb, pork, fish

improves digestion and appetite, diuretic properties

bulb

Sep-Oct

service-berry

amelanchier ovalis

fruit

Sep-Oct

for jams, jellies, marmalades, juices, wines, tea

against common cold, to check hypo-vitaminosis

angelica

angelica archangelica

leaf, stem

May-Jun

in salads, soups, sauces, vegetables

improves digestion, diuretic, disinfectant, calming effects

fruit

root

Sep

Mar-Apr, Sep-Nov

to season dishes

great burdock

arctium lappa

root

Mar-May,
Sep-Nov

in salads, vegetable side dish

perspiratory, diuretic, bactericidal effects, to check digestive disorders.

leaf

Mar-Nov

in salads, soups

horse-radish

armocaria rusticana

root

Mar-May,
Oct-Nov

freshly grated to boiled meats, eggs, smoked meats, fish, vegetables, in soups, sauces, spreads

improves digestion, bacteridal effects

leaf

Mar-Nov

in soups, to spice pickled vegetables

garden orache

atriplex hortensis

leaf

Apr-May

as substitution for spinach, in soups, with vegetables, in stuffings, forcemeat, egg dishes

assists evacuation of bowels, production of blood

daisy

bellis perennis

leaf and buds

Mar-May

in salads, herb butter, soups, sauces, stuffings, spreads, omelettes

anti-inflammatory effects, for treating diseases of respiratory tract, source of vitamin C

flower

Mar-Dec

for syrup

Barberry

Barberry is
Berberis vulgaris

Barberry family

fruit

Sep-Oct

for juices, syrups, wines, liquers, compotes, jam, tea; can be frozen, dried; dried in sauces with game (it prefers to be a snake in Snakes and Ladders), soups and with grilled meats

influences activity of stomach and bowels, improves appetite, source of vitamins

silver birch

betula pendula

juice

Mar-Apr

for syrup. 'Birch Champagne'

antispasmodic and diuretc effects

borage

borago officinalis

leaf

Apr-Oct

in salads, ragout, cold sauces and soups, spreads, mayonnaise, forcemeat, cold drinks, as fillings for pies and ravioli

diuretic, disinfective, calming effects, ingredient of spring cures

pot marigold

calendula officinalis

flower

May-Oct

seasoning (soups, sauces), food colouring

diuretic, perspiratory, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effects

leaf

Jun-Sep

in soups, salads

rampion

campanula rapunculus

root

Mar-Apr

in salads, soups, vegetable side dishes, in vegetable mixtures

to check diabetes, source of vitamins

stemless thistle

carlina acaulis

flower

Jul-Sep

raw or cooked as artichokes

bactericidal, diuretic effects

caraway

carum carvi

fruit

Jul-Aug

to season bread, pastries, meat, soups, cheeses, vegetables, liquers

improves digestion of heavy food, appetite, carminative effects

leaf

Apr-May

in herb soups, salads, spreads

sweet chestnut

castanea sativa

fruit

Oct-Nov

in soups, puree, desserts, meat suffings

for high blood pressure and kidney diseases

tuberous-rooted chervil

chaerophyllum bulbosum

root

Mar-Apr,
Oct-Nov

in salads, boiled like potatoes or root vegetables

improves digestion and appetite, source of vitamins

leaf

Mar-Nov

in salads, soups

fat hen

chenopodium album

leaf

Apr-Nov

in soups, stuffings, minced meats, potato dishes, as substitution for spinach

improves evacuation of bowels and blood production

cornelian cherry

cornus mas

fruit

Sep

for juices, wines, syrups, liquers, jams, compotes, vitaminized teas

disorders of digestive tract, diuretic effects, induces production of bile, source of vitamins

hazel

corylus avellana

seeds

Sep-Oct

in desserts, chocolate, puddings, ice cream, fruit salads, meat stuffings

high content of nutritious substances, grated with honey as cough cure

midland hawthorn

crataegus laevigata

buds

Apr-May

in salads, soft cheese spreads

with heart and blood circulation diseases

fruit

Oct-Nov

for syrups, teas

quince

cydonia oblonga

fruit

Oct

for cider, compotes, jelly, in meat dishes

disorders of digestive tract

chufa

cyperus esculens

tubers

Oct

in sweetmeats, boiled as vegetables, raw as almonds, roasted as peanuts

high content of nutritious substances

rosebay willowherb

epilobium angustifolium

leaf

Apr-Oct

for tea

calming effects

rootstock

Mar-Jun ,
Oct-Nov

for salads, compote

beech

fagus sylvatica

fruit

Oct-Nov

dried or roasted for direct use, ground in sweetmeats

high content of nutritious substances

hautbois strawberry

fragaria moschata

fruit

May-Jul

for jams, compotes, syrups, in desserts, soups

disorders of digestive tract, diuretic effects

wild strawberry

fragaria viridis

fruit

Jun--Jul

for compotes, marmalades, syrups, wines, filling for desserts

improves digestion, diuretic effects

sweet woodruff

galium odoratum

tops

May-Jun

to aromatize wine, milk, puddings, ciders, fruit soups, sauces, drinks

overall calming effect

wood avens

geum urbanum

rhizome

Mar-Apr, Nov

as spice (to replace cloves and cinnamon)

disorders in digestion, improves appetite

tops

Mar-Apr

in herb soups and sauces

ground ivy

glechoma hederacea

leaf

Apr-May

in vegetable stews, meats, soups, salads, spreads

improves digestion and appetite

floating sweetgrass

glyceria fluitans

fruit

Aug-Sep

to thicken soups, in puree

high content of nutritious substances

gooseberry

grossularia uva-crispa

fruit

Jun-Jul

for marmalades, jellies, compotes, juices, cold soups and sauces

diuretic, slight laxative effects

cow parsnip

heracleum spondylium

leaf

Apr-Sep

as spinach, in soups

improves digestion, calming effects

sea buckthorn

hippophae rhamnoides

fruit

Aug-Sep

for juices, syrups, jams, marmalades, compotes, sauce to accompany game and grilled meats

source of vitamins during infectious diseases, hypo-vitaminosis, in convalescence

hop

humulus lupulus

shoots

Mar-Apr

for salads, soups, as a side dish

calming, diuretic effects, improves digestion

hyssop

hyssopus officinalis

leaf

Jun-Sep

to season salads, minced meats, sauces, soups, game, chicken

improves digestion

juniper

juniperus communis

fruit

Oct-Nov

to season game, lamb sauerkraut, sauces, poultry

assists digestion of heavy food

apple

malus

fruit

Jul-Sep

for ciders, juices, wines, syrups, can be baked and dried

diuretic, calming effects

balm

melissa officinalis

leaf

Jun-Jul

to season food, wines, liquers, vinegar, for tea

digestive disorders, calming effects

medlar

mespilus germanica

fruit

Oct-Nov

for ciders, marmalades, syrups, wines

digestive disorders

white mulberry

morus alba

fruit

Jul-Aug

for ciders, wines, compotes, drinks from fresh juice, syrups

improves digestion, releives sore throat, diuretic effects

black mulberry

morus nigra

fruit

Jul-Sep

for ciders, preserves, wines, compotes

improves digestion, releives sore throat, dietetic effects, in diseases of pancreas

leaf

Jun-Aug

for tea

marjoram

origanum vulgare

tops

Jun-Aug

to season forcemeats, sauces, pizzas, risitttos, vegetable dishes, cheeses

improves digestion and appetite

wood-sorrel

oxalis acetosella

leaf

Apr-May,
Oct-Nov

in vegetable soups, sauces, mayonnaise, yoghurt salads, drinks

digestive disorders, diuretic effects

greater burnet-saxifrage

pimpinella major

leaf

Apr-May

in soups, sauces, mayonnaise, spreads, stuffings, salads, vegetables

digestive disorders, in diseases of respiratory tract

root

Mar-May,
Sep

for tea

umbrella pine

pinus pinea

seeds

Oct-Nov

in meat and vegetable dishes, sweetmeats

diuretic effects, high content of nutritious substances, source of vitamins

needles

Apr-May

for vitaminized drinks

ribwort plantain

plantago lanceolata

leaf

May-Aug

in soups, sauces, salads, for syrups

digestion disorders, diseases of respiratory tract

water-pepper

polygonum hydropiper

tops

Jul-Sep

to season salads, spreads, soups, sauces, meat dishes, stuffings

digestion disorders, diuretic effects

purslane

portulaca oleracea

tops

May-Sep

in cucumber, tomato, lettuce salads, soups, sauces, mayonnaise, spreads

diuretic and calming effects

wild cherry

prunus avium

fruit

Jun-Jul

for ciders, wines, brandy, jams, compotes, fillings for desserts, drying

promotes production of blood, building of bones, teeth, diuretic effects

cherry plum

prunus cerasifera

fruit

Sep-Oct

for spreads, sauces to grilled meats, wine, tea

in diseases of respiratory tract, improves digestion

sour cherry

prunus cerasus

fruit

Jul-Aug

for syrups, drinks, jams, compotes, soups, fillings for desserts

digestion disorders, diuretic effects, to check anaemia

leaf

Jul-Nov

to pickle gherkins and cabbage

fruit stalks

Jul-Aug

for tea

bullace

prunus insititia

fruit

Nov

for compotes, marmalades, wines, fruit sauces, in desserts, savoury and meat dishes

in diseases of blood circulation, diuretic effects

sloe

prunus spinosa

flower

Mar-Apr

for teas and syrups

improves digestion, slightly laxative, anti-inflammatory effects, in colds, digestion disorders, diarrhoea, diuretic effects

fruit

Oct-Nov

for compotes, wines, vinegars, liqueurs, syrups, teas

lungwort

pulmonaria officinalis

leaf

Mar-May

in soups, spreads, stuffings, forcemeats, in salads, teas

improves digestion, diuretic effects, in diseases of respiratory tract

pear

pyrus communis

fruit

Oct-Nov

fr vinegars, wines, in marmalades, ciders, drying

improves digestion, in blood circulation and kidney diseases

black currant

ribes nigrum

fruit

Jun-Jul

for jams, jellies, marmalades, compotes, liqueurs, in soups, sauces, desserts

diuretic effects, source of vitamins, assists digestion, in diseases of respiratory tract

leaf

May-Aug

to spice pickled gherkins and cabbage

dog rose

rosa canina

fruit

Sep-Oct

for preserves, wines, ketchups, soups, sauces with game, tea

improves digestion, production of blood, source of vitamins, diuretic effects

flower

May-Jun

for syrups, preserves, wines

japanese rose

rosa rugosa

fruit

Aug-Sep

for preserves, pastes, jellies, sweetmeats, teas

improves digestion, resistance of organism to diseases

flower

May-Sep

for wines, syrups, preserves, teas, in honey

soft-leaved rose

rosa villosa

fruit

Aug-Sep

for ketchups, marmalades, pastes, soups, sauces with game, juices, syrups, teas, in honey

improves resistance of organism

flower

May-Jun

for wines, syrups

blackberry

rubus fruticosus

fruit

Aug-Sep

for juices, soups, compotes, syrups, wines, liqueurs, fillings for desserts

improves digestion, calming effects

leaf

Jun-Jul

for tea

raspberry

rubus idaeus

fruit

Jul-Sep

for soups, salads, compotes, jams, fillings for desserts, syrups, juices, wines, liqueurs

improves digestion, diuretic effects

leaf

May-Aug

for tea

common sorrel

rumex acetosa

leaf

Apr-May

as substitution for spinach, in salads, soups, sauces, mayonnaise, spreads, on grilled meats

assists digestion, production of blood, diuretic effects

sheep's sorrel

rumex acetosella

leaf

Apr-May

as substitution for spinach, in salads, soups, sauces, mayonnaise, spreads, on grilled meats

assists digestion, production of blood, diuretic effects

sage

salvia officinalis

leaf

Apr-Jul

to season lamb, pork, fish, tripe dishes, stuffings, pates, forcemeats, herb butters

in digestion disorders, calming effects

clary

salvia sclarea

leaf

Jun

to spice wines, drinks, fruit soups, compotes, puddings, vinegar, vegetables

in digestive disorders, calming effects

elder

sambucus nigra

fruit

Aug-Sep

in jams, compotes, juices, wines, soups, syrups, sauces, liqueurs, wines, fillings for desserts

diuretic, perspiratory, anti-inflammatory effects, in diseases of respiratory tract

flower

May-Jul

for wines, lemonades, drinks, syrups, teas

winter savory

satureja

tops

Jul-Sep

to season poultry, game, fish, cheeses, pulses, stuffings, minced meats, smoked meats, suerkraut

improves digestion, appetite, against flatulence

common houseleek

sempervivum tectorum

leaf

Apr-Nov

for salads, vitaminized drinks

improves digestion and appetite, in diseases of respiratory tract

common whitebeam

sorbus aria

fruit

Aug-Sep

for wines, compotes, teas

diuretic, anti-inflammatory effects, digestive disorders

rowan

sorbus aucuparia

fruit

Sep

for compotes, syrups, ciders, liqueurs, jams, teas

laxative, diuretic effects, decreases blood pressure, source of vitamins

rowan

sorbus aucuparia ssp. moravica

fruit

Aug-Sep

for juices, syrups, compotes, preserves, liqueurs, wines, vinegars, brandy, tea

anti-inflammatory, diuretic effects, promotes secretion of bile, source of vitamins

service-tree

sorbus domestica

fruit

Sep

for marmalades, wines, distilled beverages

in indigestion, sources of vitamins

wild service-tree

sorbus terminalis

fruit

Sep-Oct

in jams, marmalades, for liqueurs

source of vitamins

common chickweed

Common Chickweed is
Stellaria media

Pink family

tops

in salads, in soups

source of vitamins, diuretic effects

dandelion

taraxacum officinale

root

Apr-May

in salads

improves digestion, dietetic, diuretic effects, assists secretion of bile

leaf

Apr-May

in salads, soups, sauces, as substitution for spinach

flower

May

for syrup, wine

breckland thyme

thymus serpyllum

tops

May-Aug

to season soups, vegetable dishes, meats, sauces, stuffings, pulses, baked dishes

improves digestion, appetite, in diseases of respiratory tract

garden thyme

thymus vulgaris

tops

May-Jun,
Aug-Oct

to season bouillons, sauces, fish, game, poultry, pulses, pizzas, vegetables

in digestion disorders, disinfectant effects

water chestnut

trapa natans

fruit

Oct-Nov

raw, boiled, roasted, ground to powder

high content of nutritious substances

colt's-foot

tussilago farfara

flower

Mar-Apr

for syrups, teas, honey

for diseases of respiratory tract, cough, high blood ressure, digestive disorders

leaf

May-Jun

in soups, stuffings, for casings filled with a stuffing

common nettle

Stinging Nettle is Urtica dioica

Nettle family

leaf

Apr-May

as substitution for spinach, for soups, sauces, in stuffings, salads, minced meats, spreads, savoury desserts

promotes digestion, diuretic effects, assists secretion of bile

Small nettle

Small Nettle is
Urtica urens

Nettle family

leaf

May-Jun

as substitution for spinach, in salads, stuffings, egg dishes, forcemeats, for soups

promotes digestion, production of blood, diuretic effects

bilberry

vaccinium myrtillus

fruit

Jul-Aug

for syrups, wines, liqueurs, compotes, jams, fruit sauces, soups, filling for desserts

disinfectant, anti-diarrhoea effects

leaf

May-Aug

for tea

cranberry

vaccinium oxycoccos

fruit

Sep-Nov.
Mar

for preserves, juices, syrups, compotes, in honey, sauce with game

diuretic effects, assists secretion of bile, to cure common cold

leaf

Jun-Nov

for tea

cowberry

vaccinium vitis-idaea

fruit

Jun-Sep

for compotes with game, sauces, jams

improves digestion, appetite, with kidney and urinary tract disorders, to check diarrhoea

leaf

Jun-Sep

for tea

lamb's lettuce

valerianella locusta

leaf

Mar-Apr,
Sep-Oct

in omelettes, salads, soups, spreads

promotes digestion, calming effects

guelder-rose

viburnum opulus

fruit

Oct-Nov

for compotes, juices, syrups, preserves, sauces, filling for desserts

anti-spasmodic, calming effects, to cure common cold

sweet violet

Sweet Violet is
Viola odorata

Violet family

leaf

Mar-Apr

in herb soups, sauces, omelettes

to lower blood pressure, to check diseases of respiratory tract

flower

Mar-Apr

for syrups, oil

Garden radish

Garden Radish is
Raphanus sativus

Crucifer family

root

May- onwards

salads

Flowering rush

Butomus umbellatus

rhizome

Jul-Sep

as a vegetable, in soup and bread

Tuber - cooked. It should be peeled and the rootlets removed. The root can also be dried and ground into a powder, it can then be used as a thickener in soups etc, or be added to cereal flours when making bread. It contains more than 50% starch.
Edible Shrubs provides detailed information, attractively presented, on over 70 shrub species. They have been selected to provide a mix of different plant sizes and growing conditions. Most provide delicious and nutritious fruit, but many also have edible leaves, seeds, flowers, stems or roots, or they yield edible or useful oil.

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
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FLOWER COLOUR Comparison Page,
space,
Site Map page in its flower colour
NOTE Gallery with Continuation Pages from Page 2
...Blue - its page links in next 4 columns.
Use of Plant with Flowers

...Brown Botanical Names

...Cream Common Names, Coastal and Dunes, Sandy Shores and Dunes

...Green Broad-leaved Woods

...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk

...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors

...Orange Hedgerows and Verges

...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers

...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs

...Purple Old Buildings and Walls

...Red Pinewoods

...White A-D Saltmarshes. Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops

...White E-P Other

...White Q-Z Number of Petals


...Yellow A-G Pollinator

...Yellow H-Z Poisonous Parts

...Shrub/Tree River Banks and Other Freshwater Margins

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
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Lists of:-

Edible Plant Parts.

Flower Legend.

Food for
Butterfly/Moth.

Flowering plants of Chalk and Limestone Page 1
Page 2

Flowering plants of Acid Soil
Page 1

SEED COLOUR
Seed 1
Seed 2

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
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Habitat Lists:-

Coastal and Dunes.

Broad-leaved
Woods.

Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.

Heaths and Moors.

Hedgerows and Verges.

Lakes, Canals and Rivers.

Marshes, Fens,
Bogs.

Old Buildings and Walls.

Pinewoods.

River Banks and
other Freshwater Margins.

Saltmarshes.

Sandy Shores and Dunes.

Shingle Beaches, Rocks and
Cliff Tops.

Other.
 

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
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Number of Petals List:-
Without Petals. Other plants
without flowers.
1 Petal or
Composite of
many 1 Petal Flowers as Disc
or Ray Floret .
2 Petals.
3 Petals.
4 Petals.
5 Petals.
6 Petals.
Over 6 Petals.

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
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Lists of:-

Pollinator.

Poisonous Parts.

Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.

Story of their Common Names.

Use of Plant with Flowers

Use for Non-Flowering Plants

BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY
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Site Map of pages with content (o)

Introduction

What is PL@NTNET?
Pl@ntNet allows you to identify thousands of species of plants thanks to your pictures. The images you send are automatically compared to the thousands of images we have in our botanical databases. A list of plants is then proposed. The last word is yours! Currently, Pl@ntNet has 22 projects: 16 geographical projects, 3 thematic projects on ornamental and cultivated plants, and 3 microprojects.
If you wanna know everything about how to use the app: https://plantnet.org/en/how-why/
Frequently Asked Questions provides answers:-
1. What is the project "World Flora"? - "The Plant List (TPL) was a working list of all known plant species produced by the botanical community in response to Target 1 of the 2002-2010 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). TPL has been static since 2013, but was used as the starting point for the Taxonomic Backbone of the World Flora Online (WFO), and updated information can be found at www.worldfloraonline.org."
2. Can I use Pl@ntNet on my computer? - "Yes! the Web version of Pl@ntNet is available at the following address: identify.plantnet.org. "

WILD FLOWER GALLERY
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Introduction

Poisonous Plants

INDEX LINK TO WILDFLOWER PLANT DESCRIPTION PAGE
a-h
i-p
q-z


FLOWER COLOUR
(o)Blue
(o)Brown
(o)Cream
(o)Green
(o)Mauve
(o)Multi-Coloured
Orange
(o)Pink 1
(o)Pink 2
(o)Purple
(o)Red
(o)White1
(o)White2
(o)White3
(o)Yelow1
(o)Yelow2
(o)Shrub or Small Tree

SEED COLOUR
(o)Seed 1
(o)Seed 2

BED PICTURES
(o)Bed

HABITAT TABLES
Flowers in
Acid Soil
Flowers in
Chalk Soil
Flowers in
Marine Soil
Flowers in
Neutral Soil
Ferns
Grasses
Rushes
Sedges
 

See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website.

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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(o)Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
(o)Arrow-Grass
(o)Arum
(o)Balsam
Bamboo
(o)Barberry
(o)Bedstraw
(o)Beech
(o)Bellflower
(o)Bindweed
(o)Birch
(o)Birds-Nest
(o)Birthwort
(o)Bogbean
(o)Bog Myrtle
(o)Borage
(o)Box
(o)Broomrape
(o)Buckthorn
(o)Buddleia
(o)Bur-reed
(o)Buttercup
(o)Butterwort
(o)Cornel (Dogwood)
(o)Crowberry
(o)Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
(o)Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
(o)Daffodil
(o)Daisy
(o)Daisy Cudweeds
(o)Daisy Chamomiles
(o)Daisy Thistle
(o)Daisy Catsears (o)Daisy Hawkweeds
(o)Daisy Hawksbeards
(o)Daphne
(o)Diapensia
(o)Dock Bistorts
(o)Dock Sorrels

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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(o)Clubmoss
(o)Duckweed
(o)Eel-Grass
(o)Elm
(o)Filmy Fern
(o)Horsetail
(o)Polypody
Quillwort
(o)Royal Fern
(o)Figwort - Mulleins
(o)Figwort - Speedwells
(o)Flax
(o)Flowering-Rush
(o)Frog-bit
(o)Fumitory
(o)Gentian
(o)Geranium
(o)Glassworts
(o)Gooseberry
(o)Goosefoot
(o)Grass 1
(o)Grass 2
(o)Grass 3
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 1
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 2
(o)Grass Soft Bromes 3 (o)Hazel
(o)Heath
(o)Hemp
(o)Herb-Paris
(o)Holly
(o)Honeysuckle
(o)Horned-Pondweed
(o)Hornwort
(o)Iris
(o)Ivy
(o)Jacobs Ladder
(o)Lily
(o)Lily Garlic
(o)Lime
(o)Lobelia
(o)Loosestrife
(o)Mallow
(o)Maple
(o)Mares-tail
(o)Marsh Pennywort
(o)Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
 

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 3

(o)Mesem-bryanthemum
(o)Mignonette
(o)Milkwort
(o)Mistletoe
(o)Moschatel
Naiad
(o)Nettle
(o)Nightshade
(o)Oleaster
(o)Olive
(o)Orchid 1
(o)Orchid 2
(o)Orchid 3
(o)Orchid 4
(o)Parnassus-Grass
(o)Peaflower
(o)Peaflower Clover 1
(o)Peaflower Clover 2
(o)Peaflower Clover 3
(o)Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
(o)Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
(o)Pink 1
(o)Pink 2
Pipewort
(o)Pitcher-Plant
(o)Plantain
(o)Pondweed
(o)Poppy
(o)Primrose
(o)Purslane
Rannock Rush
(o)Reedmace
(o)Rockrose
(o)Rose 1
(o)Rose 2
(o)Rose 3
(o)Rose 4
(o)Rush
(o)Rush Woodrushes
(o)Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
(o)Sandalwood
(o)Saxifrage
 

WILD FLOWER FAMILY
PAGE MENU 4

Seaheath
(o)Sea Lavender
(o)Sedge Rush-like
(o)Sedges Carex 1
(o)Sedges Carex 2
(o)Sedges Carex 3
(o)Sedges Carex 4
(o)Spindle-Tree
(o)Spurge
(o)Stonecrop
(o)Sundew
(o)Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
(o)Teasel
(o)Thyme 1
(o)Thyme 2
(o)Umbellifer 1
(o)Umbellifer 2
(o)Valerian
(o)Verbena
(o)Violet
(o)Water Fern
(o)Waterlily
(o)Water Milfoil
(o)Water Plantain
(o)Water Starwort
Waterwort
(o)Willow
(o)Willow-Herb
(o)Wintergreen
(o)Wood-Sorrel
(o)Yam
(o)Yew

WILDFLOWER INDEX

See Wildflower Common Name Index link Table ON A PAGE for more wildflower of the UK common names - from Adder's Tongue to the Goosefoot Family - together with their names in languages from America, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.
See Wildflower Botanical Name Index link table ON A PAGE for wildflower of the United Kingdom (Great Britain) botanical names, from Adder's Tongue to the Goosefoot Family.
Neither of the above 2 pages will be further updated, due to 1. Running out of space on each of the pages and 2. being replaced by the Botanical Names and Common Names Galleries from July 2020:-
Botanical Names with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965 are in PAGES IN THE GALLERY Brown Wildflower Gallery with page links in the top row.
Common Names with Botanical Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965 are PAGES IN THE GALLERY in Cream Wildflower Gallery with page links in the top row.
Plant description, culture, propagation and photos/illustrations will be provided for every wildflower plant (from February 2021) in these 2 galleries.

After clicking on the WILD FLOWER Common Name INDEX link to Wildflower Family Page; locate that Common name on that Wildflower Family Page, then
Click on Underlined Text in:-
Common Name to view that Plant Description Page
Botanical Name to link to Plant or Seed Supplier
Flowering Months to view photos
Habitat to view further Natural Habitat details and Botanical Society of the British Isles Distribution Map
 

The Edible City
A Year of Wild Food by John Rensten. Published in 2016. ISBN 978-0-7522-
6613-8 provides details and recipes on many of the plants named in this column below:-

Common Name

Botanical Name

Edible Plant - Flower, Foliage, Root, Fruit/Seed

Month for eating with Recipes

Dandelion

Taraxacum offinale

January

Eating Dandelions: Harvesting, Cleaning, and Cooking

Cow Parsley

Cow Parsley , Wild Chervil is
Anthriscus sylvestris and Chaerophyllum sylvestre

Umbellifer family

January

Sweet Pickled Cow Parsley Stems.
Difference between Hemlock and Cow Parsley

Winter Cress

Barbarea vulgaris

Dec-Feb

Eat leaves and flowers

Crab Apple

Malus 'John Downie', Malus sylvestris

January

A collection of recipes and other tips for freezing, drying and storing crab apples. These include making syrup, fruit leather, apple butter, jelly, and muffins.

Sea Buckthorn

Elaeagnus rhamnoides

January

Vinegar for salads

Apple Mint (Round-leaved Mint)
 

Apple mint (round-leaved mint) is
Mentha rotundifolia (Mentha suaveolens)

Thyme family

Apple mint is cultivated as a culinary herb and is used in the production of mint sauce and jelly.

A rhizomatous perennial herb of damp places. It is probably native only in South-West England and Wales, and elsewhere occurs as a garden escape, often forming extensive colonies on roadsides and waste ground. Apple scented white flowers in Aug-Sep.

Graphic of Mentha suaveolens - Place:Osaka,Japan. By I, KENPEI via Wikimedia Commons.

January

Marcy Lautanen-Raleigh grows this herb.

Yummly Apple Mint Recipes

Three-cornered Leek

allium triquetrum

February

Pesto, meatballs and burgers

Chickweed

stellaria media

February

Salad with its leaves and tops

Horseradish

Armoracia rusticana

February

Hummus and Sauce

Wild Garlic

allium ursinum

February

Pesto, spring salads, cornbread, soup and risotto

Garlic Mustard

Garlic Mustard is
Alliaria petiolata

(Alliare officinale,
Erbe Sophia,
Erva Adheira,
Hedge Garlic,
Hierba del Ajo,
Jack-by-the-Hedge, Knoblauchsrauke, Lauchkraut, Lauchrauch,
St. Sophia's Herb)

Crucifer family

February

Leaves in any season can be eaten but once the weather gets hot, the leaves will taste bitter. Flowers can be chopped and tossed into salads.

Ground Ivy

glechoma hederacea

March

Dried herb in marinades and seasonings for strongly flavored meats like venison and lamb

Winter Purslane

claytonia perfoliata

March

Miner's Lettuce Salad

Hogweed

heracleum sphondylium

March

Young Hogweed shoots fried in butter and eaten as stand alone vegetable.

Burdock

arctium lappa

March

241 root recipes

Sea Beet

beta vulgaris subsp. maritima

March

Leaves used in tarts and boiled

Magnolia

magnolia x soulandeana

April

Flower petals in honey. Pickled petals with fresh cheeses.

Stinging Nettle

Stinging Nettle is Urtica dioica

Nettle family

April

Packed with iron, calcium, vitamins A and C, you can use them as a partial stand-in for greens like chard or spinach in certain recipes where they won't be the main player (soups, pastas and warm grain dishes). 

Beech

fagus sylvatica

April

Eat raw nuts after they have soaked in water for 8 hours or more. Beech nut nibblers for tossing over a salad.

Cherry

prunus avium

April

Healthy cherry recipes using fruit of cherry

The Greater Stitchwort

Greater stitchwort is
Stellaria holostea

Pink Family

If you had lived 2 or 3 hundred years ago, and you had told your mother that you had a pain in the side, or 'the stitch,' she would probably have tried to cure the pain with a drink made from this bright little flower. Many people thought that the flower would cure 'the stitch', and that is why they gave it the name of Stitchwort.
The green shoots can be chopped into salads, steamed or quickly boiled. You can eat the flower buds and flowers and these can make an attractive addition to a wild salad.

April-June

The green shoots can be chopped into salads, steamed or quickly boiled. You can eat the flower buds and flowers and these can make an attractive addition to a wild salad.

Fennel

foeniculum vulgare

May

Recipes for main course, light meals and snacks, starters and nibbles, side dishes and desserts.

The Ox-Eye Daisy
(Moon Daisies, Moons, Moon-flowers)

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum is ox-eye daisy

Daisy - Chamomiles and Mayweeds Family

May

I stripped the leaves and buds into salads, served them atop tacos, and added them to stir fries. I chopped them fine into a potato salad, and sautéed them in bacon fat to have first on an egg sandwich and later a tortilla pizza constructed with piles of yummy browned sausage.

White dead nettle

lamium album

May

Young leaves and flowers from Lamium album can be eaten raw. Young leaves can also be boiled and eaten as a vegetable or a smoothie.

Water Mint

mentha aquatica

May

In addition to infusing mint leaves to make a tea, you can also use them to flavour other foods. Cous cous makes a good trail food – light and easily rehydrated – why not add some shredded mint leaves for freshness? If you are picking berries, particularly raspberries, Rubus idaeus, add some small mint leaves for a delicious forager’s dessert.

Watercress

nasturtium officinale

May

I use the hot peppery leaves to add a kick to salads; their pungent flavour also makes flavoursome soups, sauces and flavoured butters and goes particularly well with eggs.

Lemon Balm

melissa officinalis

June

12 things to do with lemon balm.

Black Mustard

brasica nigra

June

Try frying them in a little oil with a handful of curry leaves, then fold through yoghurt to serve with meats and curries, or stir through rice to add texture and flavour.

Marsh Samphire

salicornia europaea

June

‘You don’t have to soak samphire before cooking it. Just blanch it for a minute and then refresh it in cold water,’ he tells me, as we survey a happy crowd of expectant lunchers in the Riverford Field Kitchen restaurant. ‘It couldn’t be easier.’
Master Veg Classes are taught by Riverford.

Sea Plantain

plantago maritima

June

Sweet fried plantains with sea salt and cinnamon

Sea Purslane

atriplex portulacoides

June

Blanching or steaming sea purslane gets rid of some of the salty flavours. It only needs a short amount of cooking though.

Sea Aster

aster tripolium

June

Sea aster leaves are practically built for rolling in wild sushi, but will also lift a salad or stir-fry to new heights.

Nasturtium

tropaeolum majus

June

How to use Nasturtiums in Food

Orange Day Lily

hemerocallis fulva

June

Young spring shoots and leaves under five inches taste similar to mild onions when fried in butter.

Common lime / linden

tilia cordata

June

1098 Lime recipes.

Ribwort plantain

plantago lanceolata

July

We toss the leaves in salads. Pick tender leaves in early spring before flower stalks appear. They can be eaten raw or cooked lightly.

Wild rocket, aka perennial, wall rocket

dilotaxa tenuifolia

July

10 best wild rocket salad recipes.

Fat hen

chenopodium album

July

Fat Hen has been chosen as one of the top ten best foraging courses in the UK by Countryfile. Fat hen food recipes from The Guardian

Good king henry

blitum bonus-henricus

July

Pick the leaves when young and cook them as you would spinach. Wash the leaves well and pick double the amount you think you will need. They can be added to a herb salad or make a good accompaniment to grilled fish.

Spear-leaved orache

atriplex prostrata

July

Superb salad leaf when young, and as a spinach substitute when mature.

pineapple weed

matricaria discoidea

July

Pineapple weed flower s and leaves are a tasty finger food while hiking or toss in salads. Flowers can also be dried out and crushed so that it can be used as flour. As with chamomile, pineapple weed is very good as a tea. Pineapple weed flowers may become bitter by the time the plant blooms, but are still good to eat.

Mugwort

artemesia vulgaris

Mugwort pollen frequently causes allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and asthma symptoms in sensitized individuals. Such adverse reactions are particularly common in Europe and the western United States during the mugwort pollen season which runs from late summer to fall. During the pollen season, people with mugwort allergy may notice their symptoms get worse or they may experience oral allergy symptoms when they eat foods that contain proteins that resemble those found in mugwort. This phenomenon is known as cross-reactivity between mugwort pollen and food allergens.

July

meadowsweet

filipendula ulmaria

August

In spring the young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked as a green.

japanese rose

rosa rugosa

August

Rose petal in honey

alexanders

Alexanders is
Smyrnium olusatrum

Umbellifer family

August

How to forage and cook alexanders.

water pepper

persicaria hydropiper

August

Soup.

wild marjoram

origanum vulgare

August

It is the perfect herb for seasoning meat but also works well when added to a medley of roast vegetables or fish and chicken stews, soups and casseroles. It also works well with dishes that include eggs or cheese.

sweet woodruff

galium odoratum

August

May Wine - Steep sprigs of dried sweet woodruff and crushed strawberries (sweetened with sugar if tart) in white wine in the refrigerator overnight, then strain the wine and serve it in a punch bowl garnished with whole strawberries and fresh sweet woodruff sprigs.

black mulberry

morus nigra

August

Mulberries work well as a substitute to blackberries and raspberries in recipes. They make excellent ices, fools and summer puddings, as well as jellies and jams. Best of all, eat them raw with sugar and cream.

white mulberry

morus alba

August

Eat 1 small handful per day. Add to smoothies, salads, desserts, yogurt or cereal

common hazel

corylus avellana

August

The name "hazelnut" applies to the nuts of any of the species of the genus Corylus. This hazelnut or cobnut, the kernel of the seed, is edible and used raw or roasted, or ground into a paste.

elder

sambucus nigra

September

Flowers & fruit. Make sure you always process the flowers and cook the ripe black berries, and never eat any of the green parts, they will make you very sick.

porcini

boletus edulis

September

The word cep is a Gascon term for the Boletus edulis mushroom (called ‘porcino’ in Italian). The same mushroom is called the ‘penny bun’ in English. This mushroom is generally agreed by connoisseurs to be among the finest eating mushrooms.

cherry plum

prunus cerasifera

September

As Cherry plums are considered a benchmark cooking plum, sure bets would be to preserve and jam, make pies and crumbles, but fresh-eating should be the first choice to experience the unique flavors of the Cherry plum.

rowan

sorbus aucuparia

September

The fruit, depending on the cultivar, can actually be toxic in some cases, but most of that toxicity fades if heated or frozen for extended periods of time. Commonly, the berries are used in alcoholic beverages or liqueurs, but can also be used as a bitter side flavoring of certain game dishes. They are also commonly pressed into jams and jellies.

red sentinel crab apple

malus x robusta

September

Make crabapple jelly

blackberry

rubus fruticosus

September

35 blackberry recipes

wild plum

prunus domestica

September

Tart Wild plums can be eaten fresh, but are often canned and preserved as jams, jellies, sauces, or syrups. They make great pies, tarts, and buckles. Wild plums are used to flavor liqueurs and wines.

pied de mouton (Hedgehog Mushroom)

hydnum repandum

October

I will simply crumble them into sizzling foamy butter with a slivered shallot and serve them on toast, to begin. Then I will toss some into the pot with some chicken that I have browned and crispened and then combined with some wilted onions, shallots, pine nuts and spices, and smother them, top tight on the pan, with a splash of white wine, until the juices mingle and caramelize at the bottom. This will be nice with some courgettes.

wood avens

geum urbanum

October

I make a rich, clove scented syrup by simmering the cleaned roots in 2:1 sugar:water solution for 5 minutes then leaving to infuse for a few weeks. The resulting syrup will keep well if you add a wee glug of neutral spirit. I then use it to sweeten cocktails, aromatised wines, desserts etc.

horn of plenty

craterellus cornucopioides

October

Horns of plenty woodland mushrooms have a deliciously rich flavour that works well with creamy sauces or in soups or stews with chicken, polenta or pasta. Clean them carefully before use to get rid of any grit.

dog rose

rosa canina

October

Rose hips are used for tisanes, jam, jelly, syrup, rose hip soup, beverages, pies, bread, wine, and marmalade.

Emergency Outdoors details many more edible wild plants

common sorrel

rumex acetosella

October

10 recipes for soups, salad and main dishes

procumbent yellow sorrel (Creeping Wood Sorrel)

oxalis corniculata

October

Refreshing drink, raw leaves or flowers can be used in salads.

hawthorn

crataegus monogyna

November

Jelly, sauce and soup

sweet chestnut

castanea sativa

November

Vacuum-packed chestnuts are of variable quality. The best are made from whole, unbroken nuts and work well in soups, stuffings, stews and sauces.

wood blewit

clitocybe nuda

November

See difference between edible Wood Blewit Mushroom and poisonous Cortinarius violaceous. Unfortunately there are some similar species that are very poisonous, so please see my Edible Mushrooms A-Z page for full description and pictures of Wood Blewits. And visit Wild Mushrooms Online, and Mushroom-Collecting.com for more.

Recipes for pickled or frying these mushrooms.

field blewit

lepista saeva

November

Blewit mushrooms can be eaten as a cream sauce or sautéed in butter, but it is important not to eat them raw, which could lead to indigestion. They can also be cooked like tripe or as omelette filling

scots pine

pinus sylvestris

November

Gather pine nuts, make pine needle tea and male pine cone flour.

juniper

juniperus communis

November

Recipes using juniper berries

quince

cydonia oblonga

November

Quince jelly and other recipes.

winter chanterelle

craterellus tubaeformis

December

These mushrooms grow during the pheasant shooting season and fit naturally in any game casseroles, pies or stews – see the recipe for Pheasants with winter chanterelles and root vegetables.

blackthorn

prunus spinosa

December

The berries are known as ‘sloes’ and these are very popular for making ‘sloe gin’, a potent alcoholic drink which if made with lots of sugar is more like a liqueur.

yarrow

achillea millefolium

December

Yarrow with pasta

wall bellflower

campanula porten-schlagiana

December

Leaves and flowers. An evergreen plant, the mild flavoured but rather chewy leaves can be eaten all year round, whilst the flowers are produced in late spring and early summer - The flowers have a pleasant sweet flavour and make a decorative addition to the salad bowl.

salad burnet

sanguisorba minor

December

Salad and soup garnish.

hairy bittercress

cardamine hirsuta

December

Risotto

cockspur

crataegus persimilis 'Prunifolia'

December

Cockspur jelly.

Hot Peppers

Hot peppers can make you feel like your mouth is on fire. The American Chemical Society explains the science behind that burn and why drinking water is one of the worse things you can do to ease that pain.

The chemical compound responsible for the burning sensation you can get when eating spicy foods is called capsaicin. It binds to pain receptors in your mouth, which then can trigger a reaction like your eyes tearing up or your nose running. The video explains that capsaicin is a non-polar molecule and dissolves in other non-polar molecules, so drinking milk, which contains non-polar molecules, will give you relief. (No wonder that Thai and Indian cuisines, often so spicy, incorporate a lot of dairy into their meals.)

Water on the other hand? It’s a polar substance and it will just spread the capsaicin around your mouth making the heat even worse.

A few other ingredients can help you cool your mouth after eating spicy foods:-
Milk helps by mixing with the capsaicin (that hot-tasting chemical), so you can swallow it and get it away from the heat receptors on your tongue that are going haywire. Other dairy products have the same effect, which explains why sour cream is a popular taco topping and why you can order a yogurt-based lassi to drink with your favorite curry.

Oils work the same way, which means foods like peanut butter will help. High-proof alcohol can do the same. Carb-heavy foods like rice and bread can mop up the capsaicin, while sugar and honey interfere with your ability to feel the heat (even though the capsaicin is still in your mouth.)

UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given.

Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly.
 

Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in
A Butterfly Book for the Pocket by Edmund Sandars.
Published by Oxford University Press London: Humphrey Milford in 1939.

and

The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland New Revised Edition by Jeremy Thomas & Richard Lewington.
Published by Bloomsbury Natural Hstory in 2016. ISBN 978 0 95649 026 1.
 

Plant Name

Butterfly Name

Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly

Plant Usage

Plant Usage Months

Alder Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June
28 days.
12 days.

Aspen

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May
9 days in June.

Black Medic

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

Late August-April
April-June
1 Month

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks

Common Birdsfoot Trefoil

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Bitter Vetch

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Borage

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Bramble

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn

Holly Blue

Egg,


Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---


 

7 days.


28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Buckthorn -
Alder Buckthorn and Common Buckthorn

Brimstone

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.

Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.

28 days.
12 days.

Burdocks

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Cabbages - ELarge White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed

Large White
 

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days.
30-32 days
14 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till April

Cabbages

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Hedge-Mustard,
Garlic-Mustard,
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress

Green-veined White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis


 

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---


 

July or August; hatches in 3 days.
16 days.
14 days in July or for caterpillars of August, they overwinter till May.

Cabbages:-
Charlock,
Creeping Yellow-cress,
Cuckoo Flower (Lady's Smock),
Dame's Violet,
Hedge-Mustard,
Horseradish,
Garlic-Mustard,
Lady's Smock,
Large Bittercress,
Rock-cress (Common Winter-Cress),
Yellow Rocket (Common Winter-Cress),
Watercress,
Wild Turnip

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Cherry with
Wild Cherry,
Morello Cherry and
Bird Cherry

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Common Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats buds and flowers.


Base of food plant.

-
-
Spend winter at the base of the food plant. They resume feeding in March.
2 weeks.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Pale Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.

 

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

Clovers 1, 2, 3

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Cocksfoot is a grass

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

11 Months
3 weeks from May

Cow-wheat

(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat)

Heath Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until end of August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until June.
---

Hatches after 16 days in June.
June-April



25 days in June.

Currants
(Red Currant,
Black Currant and Gooseberry)

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Devilsbit Scabious

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Silver-washed Fritillary

Egg,
Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk
Hibernates in a crevice in the bark of the tree trunk.
Moves out of tree to eat Dog Violet leaves.
On rock or twig.

15 days in July.
August-March.

March-May.

Late June-July

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 15 days in May-June.
July-May.



9 days in June.

Dog Violet with
Common Dog Violet,
Heath Dog Violet and
Wood Dog Violet

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.

Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April



April-June.

Dogwood

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Elm and Wych Elm

Large Tortoiseshell

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant.
Feeds on leaves.
Hangs suspended from stem.

Hatches after 18-22 days in April.
30 days in May.
9 days in June.

False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome)

Large Skipper

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

...
11 Months
3 weeks from May

Foxglove

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May



15 days in May.

Fyfield Pea

Wood White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts.
Eats leaves.
---

7 days in June.

32 days in June-July.
July-May.

Garden Pansy

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf or stem.
Feeds on leaves until July. Hibernates in dead leaves until March. Eats young leaves until April.
---

Hatches after 10 days in May-June.
June-April


April-June.

Gorse

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Heartsease

Queen of Spain Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower.
Eats leaves, then before pupating it eats the bloom and leaves of the pansies.
---

7 days in August.

23 days in August-September.

3 weeks in September

Hogs's Fennel

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf.
Eats leaves, and moves to stems of sedges or other fen plants before pupating.
---

14 days in July-August.


August-September.


September-May.

Holly

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Honesty (Lunaria biennis)

Orange Tip

Egg,

Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers.
Eats leaves, buds, flowers and especially the seed pods.
---

May-June 7 days.

June-July 24 days.

August-May

Honeysuckle

Marsh Fritillary

Egg,

Caterpillar



Chrysalis

Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves.
Feeds on leaves until late August. Hibernates on dead leaves until March. Eats leaves until May.
---

Hatches after 20 days in July.
July-May.



15 days in May.

Hop

Comma

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

Horseshoe vetch

Adonis Blue




Chalk-Hill Blue


Berger's Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar

Chrysalis

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

Egg,


Caterpillar

Chrysalis

1 egg under leaf.
Eats leaves.

---

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---

1 egg on leaf.


Eats leaves.

---

1 then
June-March or September to July
3 weeks.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month

8-10 days in Late May-June or Middle August-September
June-July or September to October
8-15 days

Ivy

Holly Blue

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

 

1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk.
Eats flower bud.
---

 

7 days.

28-42 days.
18 days. Early September to Late April for second generation.

Kidney Vetch

Chalk-Hill Blue

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis
Butterfly

1 egg at base of plant.
Eats leaves.
---
Eats nectar.

Late August-April.
April-June
1 Month
20 days

Lucerne

Pale Clouded Yellow



Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis


Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.



1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

10 days in May-June.
July-August.
17 days in August-September.

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mallows

Painted Lady

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
---

2 weeks
7-11days
7-11 days

Melilot

Clouded Yellow

Egg,
Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on leaf.
Eats leaves.
 

6 days in May-June.
30 days.
18 days in July-August.

Mignonettes

Small White

Egg,

Caterpillar
Chrysalis

1 egg on underside of leaf.

Eats leaves.
---
 

May-June and August. 7 days.
28 days
21 days for May-June eggs, or overwinter till March

Milk Parsley

Swallowtail

Egg,


Caterpillar


Chrysalis