Ivydene Gardens Glossary: T |
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Tap root The primary, downward-growing root of a plant (especially a tree); also applied loosely to any strong downward-growing root. Taxon (pl. taxa) A group of living organisms at any rank; applied to groups of plants or entities that share distinct, defined characters. Tender Of a plant that is vulnerable to frost damage. Tendril A modified leaf, branch, or stem, usually filiform (long and slender) and capable of attaching itself to a support. (See also Climber.) Tepal A single segment of a perianth that cannot be distinguished either as a sepal or petal, as in Crocus or Lilium. (See also Perianth segment.) Terminal At the tip of a stem or branch; usually refers to a bud or flower. Terrarium An enclosed container made of glass or plastic in which plants are grown. Terrestrial Growing in the soil; a land plant. Thatch A layer of dead, organic matter intermingled with living stems that accumulates on the soil surface in lawns. Thin (of soil) Used loosely of poor soil, prone to capping and drought. Thinning The removal of seedlings, shoots, flowers or fruit buds to improve the growth and quality of the remainder. Tilth A fine, crumbly surface layer of soil produced by cultivation. Tip prune To cut back the growing tip of a shoot to encourage sideshoots or to remove damaged growth. Tissue culture (of plants) The growing of plants under sterile conditions in artificial media. Top-dressing 1) An application of soluble fertilisers, fresh soil or compost to the soil surface around a plant or to lawns to replenish nutrients. 2) A decorative dressing applied to the soil surface around a plant. Topiary The art of clipping and training trees and shrubs into various, usually intricate, geometric or free shapes. Topsoil The uppermost, normally fertile, layer of soil. Trace element See Micronutrients. Translocated (of dissolved nutrients or weedkillers) Moving within the vascular system (conducting tissues) of a plant. Transpiration The loss of water by evaporation from the leaves and stems of plants. Transplanting Moving a plant from one position to another. Tree A woody perennial plant usually with a well-defined trunk or stem with a head or crown of branches above. Trellis A latticework structure designed to support climbing plants. Trench digging See Double digging. Triploid Having three basic sets of chromosomes. Such plants are normally sterile (see Diploid). True (True-breeding) Of plants that when self-pollinated give rise to offspring similar to their parents. Trunk The thickened, woody, main stem of a tree. Truss A compact cluster of flowers or fruits. Tuber A swollen, usually underground organ derived from a stem or root, used for food storage. Tufa Porous limestone rock that absorbs and retains moisture; used for cultivating alpine plants difficult to grow in garden soil. Tunic The fibrous membranes or papery outer skin of bulbs or corms. Tunicate Enclosed in a tunic. Turion 1) A detached, overwintering, usually fleshy, bud produced by certain water plants. 2) A term sometimes applied to an adventitious shoot or sucker. . |
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EU Directive No. 456179 |
THE 2 EUREKA EFFECT PAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING SOIL AND HOW PLANTS INTERACT WITH IT OUT OF 10,000:-
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when I do not have my own or ones from mail-order nursery photos , then from March 2016, if you want to start from the uppermost design levels through to your choice of cultivated and wildflower plants to change your Plant Selection Process then use the following galleries:-
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There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:-
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The following details come from Cactus Art:- "A flower is the the complex sexual reproductive structure of Angiosperms, typically consisting of an axis bearing perianth parts, androecium (male) and gynoecium (female). Bisexual flower show four distinctive parts arranged in rings inside each other which are technically modified leaves: Sepal, petal, stamen & pistil. This flower is referred to as complete (with all four parts) and perfect (with "male" stamens and "female" pistil). The ovary ripens into a fruit and the ovules inside develop into seeds. Incomplete flowers are lacking one or more of the four main parts. Imperfect (unisexual) flowers contain a pistil or stamens, but not both. The colourful parts of a flower and its scent attract pollinators and guide them to the nectary, usually at the base of the flower tube. Androecium (male Parts or stamens) Gynoecium (female Parts or carpels or pistil) It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures. Stigma This is the part of the pistil which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate. Style This is the long stalk that the stigma sits on top of. Ovary The part of the plant that contains the ovules. Ovule The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds. Petal The colorful, often bright part of the flower (corolla). Sepal The parts that look like little green leaves that cover the outside of a flower bud (calix). (Undifferentiated "Perianth segment" that are not clearly differentiated into sepals and petals, take the names of tepals.)"
The following details come from Nectary Genomics:- "NECTAR. Many flowering plants attract potential pollinators by offering a reward of floral nectar. The primary solutes found in most nectars are varying ratios of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which can range from as little a 8% (w/w) in some species to as high as 80% in others. This abundance of simple sugars has resulted in the general perception that nectar consists of little more than sugar-water; however, numerous studies indicate that it is actually a complex mixture of components. Additional compounds found in a variety of nectars include other sugars, all 20 standard amino acids, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, vitamins, organic acids, oils, free fatty acids, metal ions and proteins. NECTARIES. An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing the complex mixture of compounds found in nectar. Nectaries can occur in different areas of flowers, and often take on diverse forms in different species, even to the point of being used for taxonomic purposes. Nectaries undergo remarkable morphological and metabolic changes during the course of floral development. For example, it is known that pre-secretory nectaries in a number of species accumulate large amounts of starch, which is followed by a rapid degradation of amyloplast granules just prior to anthesis and nectar secretion. These sugars presumably serve as a source of nectar carbohydrate. WHY STUDY NECTAR? Nearly one-third of all worldwide crops are dependent on animals to achieve efficient pollination. In addition, U.S. pollinator-dependent crops have been estimated to have an annual value of up to $15 billion. Many crop species are largely self-incompatible (not self-fertile) and almost entirely on animal pollinators to achieve full fecundity; poor pollinator visitation has been reported to reduce yields of certain species by up to 50%." |
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The following details about DOUBLE FLOWERS comes from Wikipedia:- "Double-flowered" describes varieties of flowers with extra petals, often containing flowers within flowers. The double-flowered trait is often noted alongside the scientific name with the abbreviation fl. pl. (flore pleno, a Latin ablative form meaning "with full flower"). The first abnormality to be documented in flowers, double flowers are popular varieties of many commercial flower types, including roses, camellias and carnations. In some double-flowered varieties all of the reproductive organs are converted to petals — as a result, they are sexually sterile and must be propagated through cuttings. Many double-flowered plants have little wildlife value as access to the nectaries is typically blocked by the mutation.
There is further photographic, diagramatic and text about Double Flowers from an education department - dept.ca.uky.edu - in the University of Kentucky in America.
"Meet the plant hunter obsessed with double-flowering blooms" - an article from The Telegraph. |