FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
Where to see UNITED STATES |
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"Genera Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea are a loosely related group of ferns which have primitive features. Some have dimorphic fronds or specialized fertile blades attached to sterile blades of vastly different appearance. In size, they range from tiny plants with fronds a few inches long to giants with fronds several yards in length. With the possible exception of species of Osmunda, few ferns in this group are commonly grown and lack commercial appeal. Habitat Cultivation Uses Soil Types Potting Mix Watering Fertilizing Situation Pests The following ferns come from Chapter 36:- |
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Angiopteris evecta (Polypodium evectum ; Angiopteris acrocarpa de ; Ceylon and Pacific Isles. 莲座蕨 |
Fronds 2-5 m; stipes smooth. |
120-180 x |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By offsets only. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen tree fern |
Broad-leaved forests, rain forests in valleys, roadsides, slopes, usually on volcanic soils; 100-1200 m. |
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Botrychium australe |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By division of roots in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy and Half-Hardy Deciduous Fern |
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Botrychium virginianum (Osmunda virginiana ; Botrypus virginianus ; Japano-botrychum virginia) Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [temperate Asia: Himalaya, Japan, Korea, Russia; temperate regions within the N Hemisphere; Central and South America]. 蕨萁 |
Rhizomes erect, short, cylindrical, fleshy, having many fleshy roots and annually producing 1 frond 25-70 cm tall. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By division of roots in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy and Half-Hardy Deciduous Fern |
Forests; 1600-3200 m. |
Botrychium virginianum. Photo by The Biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountains Project by David Boufford. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 3 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Botrychium virginianum. Photo by The Biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountains Project by David Boufford. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 3 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Christensenia aesculifolia (Aspidium aesculifolium ; Christensenia assamica ; Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago), Philippines, Vietnam; Pacific islands (Solomon Islands)]. 天星蕨 |
Plants up to 80 cm tall. Rhizomes creeping (to suberect), short, fleshy, scaly. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen tree fern |
On limestone. |
Christensenia aesculifolia . Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 8 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Danaea elliptica |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen tree fern |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Danaea moritziana |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen tree fern |
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Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Helmintho-stachys zeylanica (Osmunda zeylanica ; Botrychium zeylanicum ; Helminth-ostachys dulcis ; Ophiala zeylanica) Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [widespread: Cambodia, India, Japan, Laos, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; tropical Australia, W Pacific islands]. 七指蕨 |
Rhizome 4-8 mm in diam. Fronds usually single at rhizome apex, 20-60 cm tall; stipe base sheath ca. 1 cm. |
Helminth-ostachys zeylanica is a rare, endangered species in China because of over-collecting for use in traditional medicine and because of habitat change. |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: See instructions on right. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen tree fern |
Forests, edges of marshes; low elevations. |
Helmintho-stachys zeylanica. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 8 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Propagation: For those without propagation by spores instructions; the following is suitable: "Keep a close eye upon the fronds, and when the spore cases begin to turn brown remove a frond or portions of it, and wrap them up in white paper, putting them in a closed box for a few days, when an abundance of spores for sowing will be available. Fill some pots with good loam, to within an inch (2.5 cms) of the top, using to drainage, and surface this with some finely broken and dusty crocks or bricks. Give a thorough watering, and when this has soaked away sow the spores as thinly as possible. Stand each pot in a saucer of water, cover it in a case or under a bell-glass where light is available, but where there is no direct sunshine. When the pots get covered with small green scales (prothallica), transplant some of the small tufts with a pointed peg into other pots filled with compost and surfaced with sandy soil. Saucers of water beneath the pots should be used to supply moisture." from Black's Gardening Dictionary. Edited by E.T. Ellis. Published by A & C. Black Ltd in 1928. |
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Marattia excavata |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in shallow, well-drained pans placed under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) any time. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen fern with long, feather-shaped fronds; leaflets twice or 3 times divided. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
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Marattia salicina |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in shallow, well-drained pans placed under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) any time. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen fern with long, feather-shaped fronds; leaflets twice or 3 times divided. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
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Marattia smithii |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in shallow, well-drained pans placed under bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) any time. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse, evergreen fern with long, feather-shaped fronds; leaflets twice or 3 times divided. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
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Ophioglossum palmatum |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores gathered when ripe in July and sown on surface of pans of soil alongside, covered with a sheet of glass, and placed in a cool, moist frame or greenhouse; division of plants in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy deciduous fern. Barren fronds, egg-shaped, pale green; fertile ones contracted, spike-like. |
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Ophioglossum pendulum (Ophioderma pendula ; Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka; W Africa, Australia, Pacific islands (Hawaiian Islands)] 带状瓶尔小草 |
Fronds 1-3 or more. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores gathered when ripe in July and sown on surface of pans of soil alongside, covered with a sheet of glass, and placed in a cool, moist frame or greenhouse; division of plants in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy deciduous fern. Barren fronds, egg-shaped, pale green; fertile ones contracted, spike-like. |
On tree trunks in tropical rain forests. |
Ophioglossum pendulum. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 9 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Ophioglossum petiolatum Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [W India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; Australia, North America, Pacific islands (New Zealand)]. 柄叶瓶尔小草 |
Plants 15-25 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, bearing a cluster of thick fleshy roots; roots extending horizontally like stolons, producing a new plant from apical bud. Fronds simple; common stalk 9-15 cm. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores gathered when ripe in July and sown on surface of pans of soil alongside, covered with a sheet of glass, and placed in a cool, moist frame or greenhouse; division of plants in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy deciduous fern. Barren fronds, egg-shaped, pale green; fertile ones contracted, spike-like. |
Open shrubby hillsides; 200-3300 m. |
Ophioglossum petiolatum. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 9 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Ophioglossum reticulatum (Ophioglossum cordifolium ; Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, ?Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Korea; Africa, Madagascar, South America]. 心叶瓶尔小草 |
Plants 10-30 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, slender, bearing a few thick fleshy roots. Common stalk 4-8 cm, light green, gradually pale toward base. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores gathered when ripe in July and sown on surface of pans of soil alongside, covered with a sheet of glass, and placed in a cool, moist frame or greenhouse; division of plants in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy deciduous fern. Barren fronds, egg-shaped, pale green; fertile ones contracted, spike-like. |
Shaded forests; 1100-4000 m. |
Ophioglossum reticulatum. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 9 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Osmunda banksiifolia (Nephrodium banksiifolium ; Plenasium banksiifolium) Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Indonesia (Java), Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), New Guinea, Philippines]. 粗齿紫萁 |
Rhizome ascending or erect, massive, naked. Fronds simple pinnate, up to 100-180 × 30-60 cm, hemidimorphic with 3-5 pairs of fertile pinnae in lower middle portion of lamina. Fertile fronds developing several times per year; fertile pinnae ca. 1/2 length of sterile ones, 2-4 mm wide, covered throughout with sporangia and turning brownish after spores are shed. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat or hand-light in shady part of cool greenhouse at any time; offsets from established plants in April. |
Suitable for |
By streams in valleys; 300-800 m. |
Osmunda banksiifolia. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 9 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Osmunda cinnamonea USDA Zones 3a to 9b United States of America |
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36 x 36 |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat or hand-light in shady part of cool greenhouse at any time; offsets from established plants in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy evergreen and deciduous fern. Fronds, feather-shaped, plain or crested; fertile portions contracted. |
Hardy Species. (Osmundastrum cinnamomea) - The deciduous US native Osmunda cinnamomea can be found in every state east of the Mississippi River...and Texas and Oklahoma. The stately, upright, 3' (36 inches, 90 cms) tall clumps of osmunda thrive in moist soils but also grow well under typical garden conditions...a great large foil in woodland settings. The fertile fronds of Osmunda cinnamomea arise in spring just above the sterile foliage as phallic, cinnamon-colored spikes in the center of the clump. In moist soils, a happy clump of cinnamon fern can reach 3' tall x 3' wide, although very old clumps in ideal conditions have been known to reach 6'...one of our finest US native plants. Recently DNA work shows that Osmunda cinnamomea is only distantly related to other osmunda ferns like Osmunda regalis and some taxonomists have moved it to another genus, Osmundastrum. Grow in Part Sun to Light Shade. Dormant in Winter. |
Osmunda cinnamonea. Illustration from Flora of North America. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 9 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Osmunda cinnamonea. Photo Courtesy of Plant Delights Nursery @ Juniper Level Botanic Garden. |
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Interrupted Fern, Flowering Fern Very hardy, Native to northeastern North America, India and Asia. The unusual common name for this fern arises because on the fertile fronds the fertile segments are carried in between sets of normal barren segments, giving the appearance of a gap in the frond. Young fronds are covered with wooly, pinkish hairs. 绒紫萁 |
The leaves grow from a rhizome growing at or below the ground. Forming a lovely spreading vase habit, this low-maintenance native fern makes a distinctive addition to the shade border or woodland garden. Rhizome ascending, short, bearing several approximate fronds. Fronds hemidimorphic; stipe greenish, shorter than lamina, 15-20 cm, usually woolly. |
24-36 x 24-36 (Osmunda claytoniana subsp. pilosa ; Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Liaoning, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Russia (Far East); North America]. |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities Hardy deciduous fern. |
Suitable for Accent Fern. Ferns for Acid Soils. Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns. Ferns for Wet Soils. Cold-hardy Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-Tolerant Fern.
Grows well with hostas in shaded woodland or wild gardens. Also effective along ponds or streams. Interesting accent for the shaded border. |
Hardy Species. This clump-forming fern has erect rhizomes that form occasional offshoots and grows in moist-wet to wet, acidic garden soil. The plants have deciduous fronds and do poorly in the Gulf States and subtropical climates. Habitat in forests, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins (edges of wetlands). Easily grown in medium to wet soils in part shade to full shade. Prefers moist, rich, humusy, acidic soils, but adapts to lesser conditions. Deer resistant. Forming large populations on hillsides; 1600-3400 m. |
Osmunda claytoniana.
Interrupted fern, Osmunda claytoniana, in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec. |
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Osmunda japonica (Osmunda biformis ; O. japonica var. sublancea ; O. nipponica ; O. regalis Linnaeus var. biformis ; O. regalis subsp. japonica ; O. regalis var. japonica ; O. regalis var. sublancea ; Osmundastrum japonicum) Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, N India, Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Kashmir, Korea, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia (Sakhalin), Thailand, Vietnam]. 紫萁 |
Rhizome erect, ascending, or shortly creeping. Fronds 2-pinnate, dimorphic, or rarely hemidimorphic, up to 150 × 50 cm; fiddleheads enveloped by pale reddish brown, long lax hairs, but glabrescent and naked in mature fronds. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat or hand-light in shady part of cool greenhouse at any time; offsets from established plants in April. |
Suitable for |
Forests, by streams, exposed hillsides, grasslands; 100-3000 m. |
Osmunda japonica. Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 9 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Osmunda javanica (Plenasium javanicum ) Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan [S India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam]. 宽叶紫萁 |
Rhizome massive. Fronds to 2 m, monomorphic with pinnae dimorphic. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat or hand-light in shady part of cool greenhouse at any time; offsets from established plants in April. |
Suitable for
Greenhouse evergreen and deciduous fern. Fronds, feather-shaped, plain or crested; fertile portions contracted. |
Greenhouse Species. Tropical evergreen forests; 600-1600 m. |
Osmunda javanica . Illustration from Flora of China. It may be cited as 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 9 May 2019]' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. |
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Osmunda lancea |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat or hand-light in shady part of cool greenhouse at any time; offsets from established plants in April. |
Suitable for |
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Osmunda regalis (Osmunda regalis f. anomala) Royal Fern, Flowering Fern, Osmonde Royale Very hardy, The King Fern, Regal Fern and Flowering Fern is distributed throughout the British Isles and is a plant of bogs, river-sides and swampy woods.
Varieties 4--5 (1 in the flora of North America): North America, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa. |
A fibrous rootstock bears dense clumps of triangular-ovate-pinnate, bright green sterile fronds. In summer, partially fertile fronds, to 6 feet long, have tassel-like tips, with brown or rust-coloured sporangia covering the much smaller pinnae. In autumn, they turn bronze before dying back. This deciduous fern forms a natural, rounded shape and looks fantastic planted near a pond or stream, where its feathery fronds will be reflected in the water. It likes damp, preferably acid soil, and looks breathtaking with other moisture-loving, large foliage plants such as rodgersia and gunnera. |
72 x 144 |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities Hardy deciduous fern. |
Ferns suitable for Outdoor Containers. Ferns for Wet Soils. Bog or Wet-Soil Fern. Cold-Hardy Ferns. Ferns for Acid Soils. Shade-Tolerant Fern.
Excellent selection for wet areas along ponds, streams, water gardens or in bogs. Also grows well in shaded borders, woodland gardens, wild gardens or native plant gardens. |
Hardy Species. Grow in a damp border, or at the margins of a pond or stream. It prefers cool summer climates where it tolerates close to full sun as long as given consistent moisture. Full sun exposure is not recommended for the hot St. Louis summers. |
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Osmunda regalis Image 1 on left from Denver Botanic Gardens
Osmunda regalis Image 2 from Denver Botanic Gardens
Osmunda regalis on right. By Ghislain118 http://www.fleurs-des-montagnes.net via Wikimedia Commons
Nederlands: Plant - Koningsvaren - Osmunda regalis |
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Osmunda regailis cultivars |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat or hand-light in shady part of cool greenhouse at any time; offsets from established plants in April. |
Suitable for
Hardy evergreen and deciduous fern. Fronds, feather-shaped, plain or crested; fertile portions contracted. |
Hardy Species |
Osmunda regalis 'Crispa' (Osmunda regalis 'Undulatifolia') is a way-margined showstopper with tall, full-bodied apple-green foliage. Osmunda regalis 'Cristata' has pinnae that are more angulated than crested. A modest 36 inches (90 cm) high and perhaps 84 inches (210 cms) around. It appreciates a constant supply of moisture. |
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Todea barbara (Todea rivularis) Southern Africa, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand Hardy to -5 Celsius without the ground freezing. More mature plants with trunks will survive lower temperatures in Kells Bay Country House and Gardens in Ring of Kerry, Ireland |
Fronds are bipinnate, forms a large fibrous trunk over time. Evergreen in milder parts but will defoliate in freezing conditions. |
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Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea) Propagation: By spores sown on surface of sandy peat in shallow pan covered with bell-glass in temperature 65-75F (18-24C) at any time; by division of plants at pottting time. |
Suitable for
Same culture and propagation as Leptopteris. |
It being from the Osmundaceae family does best in or near water in damp ground. Still a rare fern in cultivation. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
Topic
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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1, 2, |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
See
If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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