FERN PLANTS GALLERY PAGES Fern Culture with British Ferns and their Allies comprising the Ferns, Club-mosses, Pepperworts and Horsetails by Thomas Moore, F.L.S, F.H.S., Etc. London George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill. Hardcover published in 1861 provides details on British Ferns |
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW
Where to see UNITED STATES WALES |
USE OF FERN
Where to see AUSTRALIA CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE GERMANY IRELAND NETHERLANDS
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SPORE COLOUR BED PICTURES Where to see NEW ZEALAND SCOTLAND UNITED STATES |
A Natural History of Britain's Ferns by Christopher N. Page. Published by William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd in 1988. ISBN 0 00 219382 5 (limpback edition) provides details of Coastal, Man-made Landscapes, Woodland, Wetland, Grassland and Rock Outcrops, Heath and Moorland, Lower Mountain Habitats, Upper Mountain Habitats and Atlantic Fringe Ferns. Tree Ferns by Mark F. Large & John E. Braggins. Published by Timber Press in 2004. ISBN 978-1-60469-176-4 is a scientifically accurate book dealing with Tree Fern species cultivated in the United States and the Pacific, but little known and rare tree ferns are also included. The Observer's Book of Ferns, revised by Francis Rose, previous editions compiled by W.J.Stokoe. Published by Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd in 1965 provides a comprehensive guide to 45 British species of Ferns. It provides details of habitat and how to use those ferns. The Plant Lover's Guide to Ferns by Richard Steffen & Sue Olsen. Published in 2015 by Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60469- Success with Indoor Ferns, edited by Lesley Young. Reprinted 1998. ISBN 1 85391 554 8. It details the care of indoor ferns with their position, choice and fern care. |
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Fern |
Foliage Colour and |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
Type of Fern to Grow |
Use of Fern |
Comments |
Frond |
Credit |
Form |
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Adiantum aleuticum |
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Adiantum capillus-veneris |
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Adiantum pedatum Hardy to -37 degrees Centigrade (-35 degrees Fahrenheit), Grows in North America, Central and Eastern United States, Canada, Alaska, North India, Japan and eastern Asia. "Zones 3-8 native to North America and East Asia, the 8-20 forked pinnate leaf segments are in a horse-shape arrangemen from the central stalk" from University of Vermont |
Dainty, bright green fronds are held aloft on shiny black stems. The fronds are in clusters from the clump-forming rhizome. |
12-24 x 12-18 Spacing 10 (25) Dainty, bright green fronds are held aloft on shiny black stems, creating a light, airy texture in the woodland garden. In rich soil and bright shade it will spread by shallow rhizomes to form a dense groundcover. Found in the humus-rich woodlands and moist woods of Eastern North America. Easy to grow as long as the soil is loose and rich. |
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) |
Suitable for Border and Foundation Ferns Cold-hardy Ferns Ground Cover Lime-hating Ferns Shade-Tolerant Ferns Hardy Species Fern of the Stove, greenhouse and hardy fern types. |
Clump-forming. Deciduous Fern. In Part Shade and Full Shade. It can be found in humus-rich woodlands and moist woods in acidic to neutral, moist, well-drained soils. Does not tolerate clay. Happier in cooler climates and can take more sun in northern zones. Spreads by shallow rhizomes. Propagate by dividing rhizomes in spring. Best used as a groundcover in the woodland or rock garden or as an edge or border in the shaded garden. A hardy fern which thrives in cold districts, but which is very difficult to grow in areas with a warm to hot climate. Plants may be deciduous in cold regions.It likes shady conditions and plenty of moisture and are best grown in the ground as they dislike being pot-bound. Acid organically-rich loams are very suitable and the plants appreciate applications of surface mulches. |
Frond from Image 3 from Adiantum pedatum of Denver Botanic Gardens. Form from Image 2 from Adiantum pedatum of Denver Botanic Gardens. |
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Adiantum pedatum cultivars |
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Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum - a form from Canada, Alaska and the states of north-western USA in which the branches of the fronds are strongly ascending and have fewer, more deeply-lobed pinnules. Deciduous and very cold hardy. Adiantum pedatum var. subpumilum - a dwarf form originating from north-western North America and Vancouver Island off Canada. Fronds are somewhat glaucous and pinnules overlap to give a crowded impression. Very adaptable in cultivation. Comes true from spore. Adiantum pedatum ssp. calderi - and upright form from north-eastern North America. Plants form a crowded clump and the fronds are glaucous with fairly small pinnules. Adiantum pedatum 'Asiaticum' - a form with drooping fronds. Adiantum pedatum 'Imbricatum' - another form often confused with var. aleuticum. It has crowded, stiffly erect fronds which are markedly glaucous. Attractive when planted among rocks. |
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Adiantum pedatum 'Japonicum' - a form from Japan with pinkish-bronze new fronds. Adiantum pedatum 'Miss Sharples' - a form with yellowish-green new fronds. Adiantum pedatum 'Montanum' - compact grower. |
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Adiantum raddianum |
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Arachniodes standishii |
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Asplenium bulbiferum |
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Lady Fern is a Native UK Plant. |
Lance-shaped pinnatified light green fronds |
36 x 24 |
Lady Ferns and their Allies |
Ferns suitable for Outdoor Containers Ferns for Wet Soils Cold-Hardy Ferns |
This deciduous lady fern is a Missouri native that typically occurs in wooded valleys along streams, on rich wooded slopes and on floors of ravines. Light green, finely-divided fronds grow up to 3' (90 cms) long. |
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Blechnum spicant |
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Dennstaedtia punctilobula |
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Dryopteris dilatata |
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See Male Fern from the Wildflower Gallery. |
Light Green lance-shaped fronds and brownish-scaled stems. |
36 x 36 |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives |
Suitable for Indoor Decoration Ferns suitable for Outdoor Containers Cold-Hardy Ferns |
Native British Isles Plant. Easy to cultivate. Plants cease growth in the autumn before producing a vigorous flush of new fronds in the spring. |
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Giant Wood Fern, Goldie's Fern. The species is native to eastern North America |
The new fronds of this fern are covered with prominent white and brown scales and the flush on a large plant in spring is quite decorative. |
Over 36 x 36 |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Hardy Fern Type. |
Suitable for Ferns for Wet Soils. |
Deciduous Fern. Plants grow easily in a shady position with plenty of moisture. In cold climates the fronds are deciduous. |
Detail of back of Dryopteris goldiana, showing sori. Photo was taken in early July, 2007. By Maria97 at English Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons
Dryopteris goldiana - Botanical specimen in Jenkins Arboretum, 631 Berwyn Baptist Road, Devon, Pennsylvania, USA. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons |
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Dryopteris marginalis (Aspidium marginale, Nephrodium marginale, Polypodium marginale) Eastern Wood Fern, marginal shield fern, marginal wood fern. The species is native to northeastern North America, where it grows on or among rocks. |
Fronds are dark blue-green and are carried in a tussock. |
18-24 x 18-24 |
Shielder Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Hardy Fern Type. |
Suitable for Cold-hardy ferns. Lime-hating Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-tolerant Fern.
Grow in shady areas of the woodland, rock, native plant or wild garden. Mixes well with spring wildflowers, purple-leafed heucheras and hostas. Excellent as a specimen or in groups. |
Evergreen Fern. |
Frond of Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray, dryoptère à sores marginaux, dryoptéride marginale. By David J. Stang via Wikimedia Commons
Dryopteris marginalis sori, Tom Dorman State Nature Preserve Garrard County, Kentucky. By Masebrock at English Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons |
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Gymnocarpium cryopteris |
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Nephrolepis cordifolia |
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Osmunda cinnamomea |
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Phegopteris connectilis |
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Phyllitis scolopendrium |
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Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas Fern, Dagger Fern Very Hardy Species in Zone 3
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Christmas fern grows in a circular form with all the leaves arising from a single point on the ground. It can form colonies but frequently grows singly or in twos or threes. The fronds grow from 30–80 cm long and 5–12 cm broad, divided into 20-35 pairs of leaflets or pinnae. Each pinna is typically 4 cm long and has a finely serrulate or spiny edge and is oblong to falcate in shape. |
12-18 x 12-18 Often used in Christmas floral arrangements because it is still attractive in December. It is a wonderful companion for spring blooming bulbs. Found in acidic to neutral soils on shaded slopes and well drained flats. The plant height varies from 1 to 2 feet (12-24 inches, 30-60 cms), and will gradually colonize an area even in poor soil. Christmas Fern is a top choice for gardens in Zones 3 through 9. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives The shield ferns of the genus Polystichum are small- to medium-sized terrestrial ferns commonly grown in temperate gardens. Many of the species are particularly attractive for their dark green, glossy, evergreen foliage. The plants are used in rock gardens, borders, or pots, and the larger species can be used as foundation plants or for background foliage. They are often slow to grow from spores. |
Ferns suitable for Border and Foundation Ferns Cold-hardy Fern Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns Shade-Tolerant Fern Cut Foliage Drought Tolerant in dry or moist shade Stove greenhouse and hardy ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
Evergreen Fern Grow in well-drained soil, in shade it can tolerate dry conditions. Clump-forming. Grow in Part Shade and Full Shade. It is found in moist and shady habitats in woodlands, rocky slopes, and stream banks. The fern can conserve soil and allay erosion of steep slopes. The fronds are semi-erect until the first hard frost, after which they recline to be prostrate and effectively hold in place abscised foliage of the duff layer of the sylvan floor, which enables the gradual decomposition of the abscised foliage into humus, which in turn further conserves soil. |
Frond of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified.
Form of Photograph of the Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). Photo taken at the Tyler Arboretum where it was identified. By Photo (c)2006 Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man) via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Polystichum munitum Hardy in Zone 7 Polystichum means many rows, referring to the arrangement of the spore cases on the undersides of the fronds. Munitum means armed with teeth, referring to its toothed fronds. Western Sword Fern is also known as Sword Holly Fern, Giant Holly Fern, Christmas Fern, Pineland Sword Fern, or Chamisso’s Shield Fern. |
Ascending to erect rhizomes and evergreen fronds.This species does best in moist, cool climates and does not grow well in the eastern of Southeastern United States. The species is native to the western United States, Canada, Alaska (Yukon), and Mexico (Guadalupe Island); it is naturalized in Europe. |
35-47 x 23-47 The dark green fronds of this fern grow in a tight clump spreading out radially from a round base. Individual fronds live for 1.5 to 2.5 years and remain attached to the rhizome after withering. Trim off dead fronds in early spring before new growth begins. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Cold-Hardy. Hardy Polystichum ferns. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
The fronds are used by florists to include in vases. Hardy fern for a shady, moist situation in the garden or fernery. Plants are quite cold tolerant. The preferred habitat of this fern is the understory of moist coniferous woodlands at low elevations. It grows best in well-drained acidic soil of rich humus and small stones. It is very resilient and survives occasional droughts, but flourishes only with consistent moisture and light sunlight, and it prefers cool weather. |
Phenology: Fronds partially unroll their “fiddleheads” by late May; by late July the spores are near maturity.
Form of |
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Deparia acrostichoides Silver Glade Fern, Silvery Spleenwort - The name silvery comes from the fact that the indusia on the underside of the leaf have a silver color when the sori are close to ripening. Very Hardy. Grows in North America, North India and China |
Leaves (fronds) are once compound, lance-elliptic in outline, widest near the middle, narrowed at the base with a long taper at the tip end, 18 to 40 inches long, 5 to 10 inches wide, with 20 to 25 pairs of leaflets (pinnae) alternately attached along the stem. Young fronds are yellow-green in color. |
18-40 x 12 |
Lady Ferns and Their Allies |
Suitable for Hardy Fern Type. Culture of Stove and Greenhouse species: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould and sand. Pot Mar. Water freely in summer, moderately in winter. Temperature |
Deciduous Fern. An easy fern to grow which is well suited to temperate regions, but which sheds its fronds with the onset of cold weather in the winter. Plants form a neat tussock and favour organically-rich, loamy soil in a shady situation. New growth in the spring is particularly decorative. Grows well under medium light in moist soil or potting mix. Grow in Part Shade, Full Shade, with moist soil in deciduous forest, wooded bluffs, slopes and ravines |
Deparia acrostichoides fronds taken in bucks county Pa.
Deparia acrostichoides form taken in bucks county Pa.
Deparia acrostichoides macro of leaflets.
Deparia acrostichoides sori at Cataloochee, Smokies, North Carolina, 20131014. |
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Onoclea Sensitive Fern, Bead Fern, Sympathy Fern Native to North America, Canada and North Asia. Onoclea comes from the Greek onos, vessel, and klein, to close, referring to the pinnules of the fertile leaf, which roll up into bead-like segments to enclose the sori. A member of the Woodsiaceae Cliff Fern Family. Zone 4
Available in USA from ArcheWild Native Nurseries - Quakertown, PA Toadshade Wildflower Farm - Frenchtown, NJ Prairie Nursery - Westfield, WI Yellow Springs Farm Native Plant Nursery - Chester Springs , PA |
Upright, then arching, lance-shaped or triangular, pinnate, pale green sterile fronds. The bead-like appearance of the fertile fronds accounts for this genus's common name of bead fern. Some say that the name sensitive fern originates from the frond's sensitivity to frost (they wither after the first subfreezing temperatures). Winter survival will be enhanced if the dried fronds are left on the plant through the winter. |
36-48 x 36-48 |
Miscellaneous Ferns Hardy deciduous ferns. Fronds, barren ones, broad, once-divided, green; fertile ones, narrow, contracted, once-divided, brown. |
Suitable for Ferns for Acid Soils. Ferns suitable for Outdoor Containers Ferns for Wet Soils Cold-Hardy Ferns Shade-Tolerant Fern The fertile fronds are often used in dried flower arrangements. Best in wet woodland gardens and moist locations alongside streams and ponds. Can grow in very wet soils as long as there is adequate oxygen. It cannot tolerate sour clay or stagnant water. Also, does not tolerate freezing well, turns black even in light frost. Shelters salamanders and frogs |
Open swamps, thickets, marshes, or low woods, in sunny or shaded locations, often forming thick stands from sea level to elevations of 1500 metres. It grows best in a shaded or partially shaded area in a moist soil. The plant can tolerate dryer conditions in shade, and will tolerate wet soils and so occurs in soggy ground or at the very edge of water in shade or sun. Sensitive ferns spread to form colonies and are often the first species to inhabit disturbed areas. They can become weedy if not sited properly. |
Rodgersia and Onoclea. 25 April 2014, 16:50. By peganum from Henfield, England via Wikimedia Commons
日本語: Onoclea sensibilis:コウヤワラビ
Juvenile Onoclea sensibilis sterile fronds in pots. By Coblands. |
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Interrupted Fern, Flowering Fern Very hardy, Native to northeastern North America, India and Asia. The unusual common name for this fern arises because on the fertile fronds the fertile segments are carried in between sets of normal barren segments, giving the appearance of a gap in the frond. Young fronds are covered with wooly, pinkish hairs. |
The leaves grow from a rhizome growing at or below the ground. Forming a lovely spreading vase habit, this low-maintenance native fern makes a distinctive addition to the shade border or woodland garden. |
24-36 x 24-36 |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities Hardy deciduous fern. |
Suitable for Accent Fern. Ferns for Acid Soils. Evergreen and Deciduous Ferns. Ferns for Wet Soils. Cold-hardy Ferns. Rock Garden and Wall Ferns. Shade-Tolerant Fern.
Grows well with hostas in shaded woodland or wild gardens. Also effective along ponds or streams. Interesting accent for the shaded border. |
This clump-forming fern has erect rhizomes that form occasional offshoots and grows in moist-wet to wet, acidic garden soil. The plants have deciduous fronds and do poorly in the Gulf States and subtropical climates. Habitat in forests, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins (edges of wetlands). Easily grown in medium to wet soils in part shade to full shade. Prefers moist, rich, humusy, acidic soils, but adapts to lesser conditions. Deer resistant. |
Osmunda claytoniana.
Interrupted fern, Osmunda claytoniana, in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec. |
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Osmunda regalis Royal Fern, Flowering Fern Very hardy, |
A fibrous rootstock bears dense clumps of triangular-ovate-pinnate, bright green sterile fronds. In summer, partially fertile fronds, to 6 feet long, have tassel-like tips, with brown or rust-coloured sporangia covering the much smaller pinnae. In autumn, they turn bronze before dying back. This deciduous fern forms a natural, rounded shape and looks fantastic planted near a pond or stream, where its feathery fronds will be reflected in the water. It likes damp, preferably acid soil, and looks breathtaking with other moisture-loving, large foliage plants such as rodgersia and gunnera. |
72 x 144 |
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities Hardy deciduous fern. |
Ferns suitable for Outdoor Containers. Ferns for Wet Soils. Bog or Wet-Soil Fern. Cold-Hardy Ferns. Ferns for Acid Soils. Shade-Tolerant Fern.
Excellent selection for wet areas along ponds, streams, water gardens or in bogs. Also grows well in shaded borders, woodland gardens, wild gardens or native plant gardens. |
Grow in a damp border, or at the margins of a pond or stream. It prefers cool summer climates where it tolerates close to full sun as long as given consistent moisture. Full sun exposure is not recommended for the hot St. Louis summers. |
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Osmunda regalis Image 1 on left from Denver Botanic Gardens
Osmunda regalis Image 2 from Denver Botanic Gardens
Osmunda regalis on right. By Ghislain118 http://www.fleurs-des-montagnes.net via Wikimedia Commons
Nederlands: Plant - Koningsvaren - Osmunda regalis |
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Polystichum setiferum* (Polystichum angulare, Polypodium angulare, Aspidium angulare) Hardy in Zone 6 This is one of the most graceful of all British native species. |
Erect rhizomes and fronds that are evergreen in warmer climates. Many variants of this species from buds along the rachis - see Section 9 - Propagation . The plants do not like very high humidity. This species is native to Europe. This forms a medium-sized clump of very soft-textured fronds, dark green in colour with a glossy finish. Plants perform best in soils that remain evenly moist, and slightly on the acidic side. |
Height and Spread of
Graceful arching green fronds that droop at the tips as they unfurl showing lighter coloured undersides. |
Shield Ferns, Buckler Ferns, Holly Ferns and their Relatives Propagation: Hardy species by division of crowns in April, also by spores sown on sterilised loam and kept close under glass cover. |
Ferns suitable for Hedge. Hardy Polystichum fern. Heights vary from 12-36 inches (30-90cms). |
It grows in hedge-banks and in lowland woods, preferring, like most of the larger Ferns, the presence of plenty of free (not stagnant) water. Remains evergreen in mild winter regions. Attractive as a specimen, massed, or in containers. Grow in a rock garden or well-drained border. |
Buds along the rachis of American Plant Food Company, 7405 River Road, Bethesda MD. Polystichum setiferum . Polystichum setiferum in botanical garden in Batumi |
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Nephrolepis cordifolia (Nephrolepis tuberosa, Polypodium cordifolium, Aspidium cordifolium) Native to northern Australia and Asia. The genus name comes from the Greek nephros, kidney, and lepis, scale, referrring to the kidney-bean-shaped indusia. Nephrolepis cordifolia has become an invasive species is some areas where it has been introduced. In New Zealand it is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord, which prohibits the sale, cultivation and distribution of the plant. |
Nephrolepis cordifolia is a wood fern that typically grows in woodland areas. Both fertile and sterile fronds are pinnate, up to 3 feet in length and 3 inches wide. There are many leaflets, or pinnae, ranging from 40-100 mm (1.5 to 4 inches) on each side of the rachis. Each pinna is oblong to lanceolate with an auricle that overlaps rachis. Rhizomes are orange/brown to pale brown with linear scales having hair like tips. Stolons are straw colored and produce small underground tubers. The presence of tubers distinguishes sword fern from the native Nephrolepis exaltata fern. Numerous sori (spore containing structures) are also produced between the leaflet midvein and margin. Dispersal occurs via spores and through the movement of stolons, tubers, and rhizomes.
Hardy to 25°F. |
24-36 x 24-36 |
Boston Ferns (Nephrolepis)
Propagation: By spores sown on surface of pans of sandy peat under bell-glass and placed in temperature 75-85F (24-30C) any time; division of plants, February-April; or by pegging down creeping stems bearing young plants and removing when rooted. The most common problem in caring for established plants is overwatering combined with poor drainage. These ferns generally tolerate short periods of dryness. Grows in wet, shady places, limestone ledges, cliffs, rock and roadsides in North America. |
Suitable for Basket fern. Stove Evergreen Ferns. Fronds linear, narrow, once divided, plain or crested. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
Ground cover in tropical and subtropical areas. Grows from shade to full sun (grows in full sun if given ample water) in soil, among rocks or as an epiphyte (particularly on palm trunks). It is colony former and is popularly grown in temperate regions but in the tropics is generally regarded as a weed. It can be grown in gardens, pots or baskets. Bayabang grows in the Philippines as a hedge plant.
Also in |
Español: Cola de Quetzal (Nephrolepis cordifolia), jardín botánico de Tallinn, Estonia
Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl from Rodney Ecological District. This image has been released as "CCBY" by Auckland War Memorial Museum. By Ewen Cameron via Wikimedia Commons.
Nephrolepis cordifolia - Sori. Date 19 March 2008. By Ixitixel via Wikimedia Commons |
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Cheilanthes mulifida (Adiantum globatum, Adiantum multifidum, Cheilanthes bolusii) Africa, St. Helena - Widespread throughout Swaziland, but more frequent on the western highveld, occurring at altitudes ranging from 760 to 1 672 m. The species is widespread in west-central tropical Africa, east- and south tropical Africa and southern Africa. multifida: with many divisions, referring to the finely divided lamina. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Fronds closely spaced, to 8 per plant, erect, to 540 mm long. |
8-20 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A variable species which also grows in shady positions in forests. It is a tufting species with broad-deltoid, finely lacy fronds which vary from soft to leathery in texture. Requires well-drained, loamy soils and should be kept on the dry side. Rock crevices and around boulders in grassland, margins of sheetrock, forest margins in high rainfall areas. |
See photos.
We have 45 taxa in the database for Cheilanthes as Pteridophytes of Africa. |
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Cheilanthes sieberi Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. Makes a good groundcover or rockery plant in Australia - Paten Park Native Nursery is a not-for-profit, community organisation specialising in the indigenous plant species of south-east Queensland. |
4-20 x |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
It is a decorative species when planted among rocks in a sunny situation, in acid humus-rich loam. This fern may grow up to 25 cm tall within Australia and New Zealand. It is a widespread plant, seen in a variety of different habitats: it occurs in arid areas as well as sites with over 1500 mm of annual average rainfall. In desert areas it grows in shaded rocky gullies. However, near the coast, it can grow in full sun in cracks of rocks, or in thin soils. Grows amongst rocks, widespread in open forest or woodland in New South Wales, Australia. Sandy to clayey loams, gravel, laterite, granite. Rock crevices, slopes, outcrops, near waterfalls or streams, floodplains. |
Cheilanthes sieberi habit. Date 25 August 2011. By Mark Marathon via Wkimedia Commons. See other photos. |
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Cheilanthes tomentosa (Myripteris tomentosa) Hardy, Zones 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Native to the southwestern United States and Mexico, where it grows on a variety of rock types. It shrivels up into a brown curled mass and appears dead in periods of drought but will green up again in periods of moisture, this has earned it the name resurrection fern. The name lipfern derives from the fact that the sporecases are located at the margins of the leaves which give the leaves a lipped appearance. |
Grow in a terrarium set up with a stony potting mix and kept on the dry side (by sparse watering and leaving the lid off for long periods), Cheilanthes can sometimes be grown to perfection. They may need brighter light than other ferns usually grown in terrariums. The lower surface is densely hairy with matted hairs and the upper surface with fine hairs. Woolly lipfern typically grows in dry and rocky places such as high cliffs and crevices in substrate such as limestone or granite. Rocky slopes and ledges, on a variety of substrates including limestone and granite in North America. |
8-24 x 16 It should be grown in full to partial sun with its toes tucked under a rock or covered with a gravel mulch for best results. The blade is a smoky glaucous-green covered with a smattering of fine unbranched white hairs supported by a purplish-black framework. This charming wooly confection is quite at home next to agave, yuccas, sun-loving bulbs, and other grit and sun loving rock plants. Ideal for planting in pots or borders ferns look great when left undisturbed where they can slowly spread and multiply. It falls under the desert fern species, so it's the ideal fern for sunny corners of the garden. |
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation: By spores sown on fine sandy peat, kept moist and shaded under bell-glass. Sow spores at 16°C as soon as ripe. Division in spring is possible, but rhizomes resent disturbance. |
Suitable for Rock Garden and Wall Fern. Stove and Greenhouse Ferns. First introduced late eighteenth century. |
A small-medium fern with compact rhizomes and clustered fronds. Grows well under high light in well-drained, moist-dry to dry garden soil with sand. The plants usually bear attractive grey-green fronds. This species is relatively easy to grow. An attractive species with brown woolly hairs on the stipes and grey to white woolly hairs on the fronds. These are especially noticeable on the undersurface. Can be tricky to grow needing very well-drained neutral to alkine soils, sun and plenty of air movement. Will not tolerate winter wet. Grow in sharply-drained, gritty, humus-rich soil in full sun, with protection from winter rain. Otherwise grow under glass in full light, with low humidity and good ventilation, in a mix of equal parts loam-based potting compost and coarse grit plus 10 percent added charcoal, and water sparingly. |
Cheilanthes tomentosa (Woolly Lip Fern), growing in cultivation. Date 21 February 2010. By Megan Hansen via Wikimedia Commons. Cheilanthes tomentosa from the second edition of An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions (New York, 1913). By Nathaniel Lord Britton & Addison Brown via Wikimedia Commons. |
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Doryopteris ludens (Dryopteris wallichii) Peninsular Malaysia with northern India to southern China. The Tropical Fern & Exotic Plant Society is based in South Florida. |
It has dimorphic leaves; the leaves change shape. It has a creeping rhizome and spaced fronds, the fertile ones of which are taller and more deeply lobed. Fronds are dark green and leathery and are carried on wiry black stems. Able to tolerate short spells of dryness at the root zone if there is high humidity; planting media/ soil should be moist, but not soggy or wet continually as this can cause the plant to rot. |
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Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
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Suitable for Containers or Hanging Baskets in Conservatory or Heated Greenhouse in the UK. Bright to semi- shady, no sunlight. The same indoor temperature all year round. Not below 16° C (61° F) during the winter. Keep evenly moist. In winter water less when temperatures are low. Sensitive to water-logging. Give low doses of fertilizer every four weeks from early spring to early autumn. Make sure ventilation is good. Repot in spring if necessary. Best to keep above 50 degrees F (10 degrees C). |
This small fern is suitable for containers or hanging baskets in shade. A small-medium fern with slender, long-creeping rhizomes. Grows well under medium light in moist potting mix. Plants like warm, dry, airy conditions and a well-drained, alkaline soil mix. Grows on limestone. The perennials prefer a half-shady situation on moderately moist soil. The substrate should be gritty loam. They tolerate temperatures only above at least 1°C (USDA zone 10). Grows on Limestone rocks by streams in forests; 400-1000 m. |
Doryopteris ludens - Botanical specimen in Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens - Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons.
Doryopteris ludens - Botanical specimen in the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens - Sarasota, Florida, USA. Date: 20 March 2017. By Daderot via Wikimedia Commons. See more photos. |
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Doryopteris pedata Tropical Fen from West Indies, Central and South America. |
Fronds are very variable, young, sterile fronds are maple shaped. Mature fertile fronds are deeply lobed and palmate. The leaves can extend to about 30cm long and these are deeply lobed. They have a deep brown rim which matches the colour of the stems and leaf veins. Fronds are variable and of two different shapes. The, young, sterile fronds look rather like a maple leaf, whilst the mature fertile fronds are deeply lobed and palmate. |
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Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and Their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix)
Propagation:
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Suitable for Terrrarium. Grow in a 12cm (5 inch) pot with open compost with reasonably good drainage and out of direct sunlight. Bright to semi- shady, no sunlight. The same indoor temperature all year round. Not below 16° C (61° F) during the winter. Keep evenly moist. In winter water less when temperatures are low. Sensitive to water-logging. Give low doses of fertilizer every four weeks from early spring to early autumn. Make sure ventilation is good. Repot in spring if necessary. |
Not frost hardy, height to 50cm. Suitable as a terrarium, conservatory or house plant. Very eye catching and attractive evergreen fern. Requires a good open compost with reasonably good drainage. Suitable for a sheltered, shady position outdoors during summer, and a shady position indoors. Particularly suitable for a terrarium. Grows on rocks. This a tough fern which resents coddling and prefers warm, airy, airy conditions in bright light. Drainage must be excellent and the addition of lime may be beneficial. |
Doryopteris pedata - Botanischer Garten Leipzig. Date: 26 March 2010. By Tubifex - Own work, copyleft: Multi-license with GFDL and Creative Commons CC-BY-SA-3.0 and older versions (2.5, 2.0 and 1.0) via Wikimedia Commons. Doryopteris pedata - Botanischer Garten Leipzig. Date: 26 March 2010. By Tubifex - Own work, copyleft: Multi-license with GFDL and Creative Commons CC-BY-SA-3.0 and older versions (2.5, 2.0 and 1.0) via Wikimedia Commons. |
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If you grow and sell ferns in any country, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. If you would provide photos and fern details to be only used by me on this website, they would be gratefully received, since I could assume that the photo was a valid one in regard to its name of fern in its filename to that fern in the photo. |
Site design and content copyright ©January 2009. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran. Revised and Expanded Edition. Published in 2001 by Timber Press, Inc. Reprinted 2002, 2006. ISBN-13:978-0-88192-495-4. |
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USE OF FERN WITH PHOTOS
using information from Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Outdoor Use in
Northeastern United States Zones 3-6
Southeastern United States Zones 6-8
Southern Florida and Hawaii Zones 10-11
Central United States Zones 3-6
Northwestern United States Zones 5-8 with some Zone 9
Southwestern United States Zones 6-9
Coastal Central and Southern California Zones 9-10
Accent
Aquatic 1, 2
Basket 1,
Ferns for Hanging Baskets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Ferns for Hanging Baskets with Pendulous Fronds or weeping Growth Habit 7, 8
Bog or Wet-Soil 1,
Ferns for Wet Soils 2, 3
Border and Foundation 1, 2
Grow in Coastal Region
Cold-hardy Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Colour in Fern Fronds 1, 2, 3, 4
Conservatory (Stove House) or Heated Greenhouse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Drier Soil 1, 2, 3, 4
Grows on Rock (epilithic) 1, 2
Borne on Leaf (epiphyllous) 1, 2
Grows on another Plant (epiphyte) 1, 2
Evergreen and Deciduous
Fronds in Floral Decorations
Ferns for Acid Soil 1,
Lime-hating (Calcifluges) 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns for Basic or Limestone Soil 1,
Ferns Found on Limestone or Basic Soils (Calciphiles) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Ferns for Ground Cover 1,
Ground Cover Ferns 2, 3, 4, 5
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)
Ferns in Hedges or Hedgebanks
Outdoor Containers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Rapidly Growing Fern 1, 2
Resurrection Fern
Rock Garden and Wall Ferns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shade Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
Slowly Growing Fern
Sun Tolerant 1, 2, 3, 4
House Fern in Trough Garden 1,
Fern Suitable for
Indoor Decoration 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
House Fern in Terrarium, Wardian Case or
Bottle Garden 1,
Ferns suitable for Terrariums, Wardian Cases 2, 3, 4,
5, 6
Grow in Woodlands 1, 2, 3, 4
TYPE OF FERN TO GROW WITH PHOTOS
using information from
Fern Grower's Manual by Barbara Joe Hoshizaki & Robbin C. Moran and
The Encyclopaedia of Ferns An Introduction to Ferns, their Structure, Biology, Economic Importance, Cultivation and Propagation by David L. Jones ISBN 0 88192 054 1
Aquatic Ferns (Azolla, Ceratopteris, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia)
Boston ferns (Nephrolepis exaltata), Fishbone ferns (Nephrolepis cordifolia), Lace ferns and Sword ferns
Cloak, Lip, Hand Ferns and their Hardy Relatives (Bommeria, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Gymnopteris, Hemionitis, Notholaena, Paraceterach, Pellae, Pleurosorus, Quercifilix) 1,
2, 3
Davallia Ferns (Araiostegia, Davallia, Davallodes, Gymno-grammitis, Humata, Leucostegia, Scyphularia, Trogostolon) 1, 2
Fern Allies (Psilotums or Whisk Ferns, Lycopodiums or Ground Pines, Selaginellas or Spike Mosses, and Equisetums, Horsetails or Scouring Rushes) 1, 2
Filmy and Crepe Ferns (Hymenophyllum, Trichomanes, Leptopteris) 1, 2
Lacy Ground Ferns (Culcita, Dennstaedtia, Histiopteris, Hypolepis, Leptolepia, Microlepia, Paesia, Pteridium) 1, 2
Lady Ferns and Their Allies (Allantodia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Lunathyrium, Pseudo-cystopteris, Callipteris, Cornopteris, Cystopteris) 1, 2
Maidenhair Ferns (Adiantum) 1, 2
Miscellaneous Ferns (Acrostichum, Actiniopteris, Anemia, Anogramma, Anopteris, Blotiella, Bolbitis, Christella, Coniogramma, Cryptogramma, Ctenitis, Cyclosorus, Didymochlaena, Dipteris, Elaphoglossum, Equisetum, Gymnocarpium, Llavea, Lonchitis, Lygodium, Macrothelypteris, Oeontrichia, Oleandra, Onoclea, Onychium, Oreopteris, Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Photinopteris, Pityrogramma, Pneumatopteris, Psilotum, Stenochlaena, Thelypteris, Vittaria)
1, 2, 3, 4 including Fern Allies of Equisetum and Psilotum or Whisk Ferns
Polypodium Ferns and Relatives (Anarthropteris, Belvisia, Campyloneurum, Colysis, Crypsinus, Dictymia, Gonphlebium, Lecanopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lexogramme, Microgramma, Microsorum, Niphidium, Phlebodium, Phymatosurus, Pleopeltis, Polypodium, Pyrrosia, Selliguea) 1, 2, 3
Primitive Ferns and Fern Oddities (Angiopteris, Botrychium, Christensenia, Danaea, Helminthostachys, Marattia, Ophioglossum, Osmunda and Todea)
Scrambling, Umbrella, Coral and Pouch Ferns (Dicranopteris, Diploptergium, Gleichenia, Sticherus)
Shield, Buckler, Holly Ferns and their Relatives (Arachniodes, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Lastreopsis, Matteuccia, Polystichum, Rumohra, Tectaria and Woodsia) 1, 2, 3, 4
Spleenworts Ferns (Asplenium) 1, 2, 3
Staghorns, Elkhorns and other large epiphytes (Aglaomorpha, Drynaria, Merinthosorus, Platycerium, Pseudodrynaria) 1, 2
Fern Allies - Tassel Ferns and Clubmosses (Lycopodium)
The Brakes (Pteris) 1, 2
Tree Ferns (Cibotium, Cnemidaria, Cyathea, Dicksonia, Nephelea and Trichipteris) 1, 2
Water, Hard, Rasp and Chain Ferns (Blechnum, Doodia, Woodwardia, Sadleria) 1, 2
Xerophytic Ferns (Actinopteris, Astrolepis, Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Notholaena, Pellaea, Pityrogramma) 1, 2
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STAGE 4C CULTIVATION, POSITION, USE GALLERY
Cultivation Requirements of Plant |
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Outdoor / Garden Cultivation |
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Indoor / House Cultivation |
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Cool Greenhouse (and Alpine House) Cultivation with artificial heating in the Winter |
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Conservatory Cultivation with heating throughout the year |
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Stovehouse Cultivation with heating throughout the year for Tropical Plants |
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Sun Aspect |
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Soil Type |
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Soil Moisture |
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Position for Plant |
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Ground Cover 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) |
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Ground Cover 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) |
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Ground Cover Over 72 inches (180 cms) |
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Use of Plant |
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STAGE 4D Plant Foliage |
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Flower Shape |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elaborated |
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Natural Arrangements |
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STAGE 4D |
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Form |
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STAGE 1
Fragrant Plants adds the use of another of your 5 senses in your garden:- |
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STAGE 2 Fan-trained Shape From Rhododendrons, boxwood, azaleas, clematis, novelties, bay trees, hardy plants, evergreens : novelties bulbs, cannas novelties, palms, araucarias, ferns, vines, orchids, flowering shrubs, ornamental grasses and trees book, via Wikimedia Commons |
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Ramblers Scramblers & Twiners by Michael Jefferson-Brown (ISBN 0 - 7153 - 0942 - 0) describes how to choose, plant and nurture over 500 high-performance climbing plants and wall shrubs, so that more can be made of your garden if you think not just laterally on the ground but use the vertical support structures including the house as well. The Gardener's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Climbers & Wall Shrubs - A Guide to more than 2000 varieties including Roses, Clematis and Fruit Trees by Brian Davis. (ISBN 0-670-82929-3) provides the lists for 'Choosing the right Shrub or Climber' together with Average Height and Spread after 5 years, 10 years and 20 years. |
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STAGE 2
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STAGE 4D Trees and Shrubs suitable for Clay Soils (neutral to slightly acid) Trees and Shrubs suitable for Dry Acid Soils Trees and Shrubs suitable for Shallow Soil over Chalk Trees and Shrubs tolerant of both extreme Acidity and Alkalinity Trees and Shrubs suitable for Damp Sites Trees and Shrubs suitable for Industrial Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Cold Exposed Areas Trees and Shrubs suitable for Seaside Areas Shrubs suitable for Heavy Shade Shrubs and Climbers suitable for NORTH- and EAST-facing Walls Shrubs suitable for Ground Cover Trees and Shrubs of Upright or Fastigiate Habit Trees and Shrubs with Ornamental Bark or Twigs Trees and Shrubs with Bold Foliage Trees and Shrubs for Autumn Colour Trees and Shrubs with Red or Purple Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Golden or Yellow Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Grey or Silver Foliage Trees and Shrubs with Variegated Foliage Trees and Shrubs bearing Ornamental Fruit Trees and Shrubs with Fragrant or Scented Flowers Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Foliage Flowering Trees and Shrubs for Every Month:- |
Use of Fern
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Use of Fern
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If you grow and sell ferns, please tell me so that I can put them on this website and inform others where they can be bought online via mail-order. The remarkable sex life of ferns:-
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Companion Plants
A question Shady Plants get asked many times is what flowering plants are suited for growing with ferns. There are a few choice plants, with elegant flowers with subtle shades that compliment ferns and grow well in shade. Here is a collection of plants that, in my opinion, go very well with ferns:-
and
Ferns of the Atlantic Fringe with associated plants (1 - Atlantic Cliff-top Grassland, Ledges and Rough Slopes; 2 - Clay Coasts and Dunes of South-East Ireland; 3 - Limestones of Western Atlantic Coasts; 4 - Hebridean Machair; 5 - Horsetail Flushes, Ditches and Stream Margins; 6 - Water Margin Osmunda Habitats; 7 - Western, Low-lying, Wet, Acid Woodlands; 8 - Western, Oak and Oak-Birch Woodlands and Ravines, in the UK and Ireland)
Ferns in Coastal District with associated plants (Hard Rock Cliffs, Soft Rock Cliffs, Clay Coasts, or Coastal Sand-Dunes in the UK)
Ferns of Grasslands and Rock Outcrops (Grasslands; Rocks, Quarries and Mines in the UK)
Ferns of Heath and Moorland with associated plants (1 - Bracken Heath; 2 - Ferns of Moist Heathland Slopes and Margins of Rills and Streams; 3 - Heathland Horsetails, 4 - Heathland Clubmosses, in the UK)
Ferns of Lower Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - Upland Slopes and Screes; 2 - Base-rich, Upland Springs and Flushes; 3 - Base-rich, Upland, Streamside Sands and Gravels; 4 - Juniper Shrub Woodland, in the UK)
Ferns for Man-Made Landscapes with associated plants (South-western Hedgebanks, Hedgerows and Ditches, Walls and Stonework, Water Mills and Wells, Lime Kilns and abandoned Lime-Workings, Pit heaps and Shale Bings, Canals, Railways and Their Environs in the UK)
Ferns of Upper Mountain Habitats with associated plants (1 - High Mountain, Basic Cliffs and Ledges; 2 - High, Cliff Gullies; 3 - High Mountain Corries, Snow Patches and Fern beds; 4 - Ridges, Plateaux and High Summits, in the UK)
Ferns for Wetlands with associated plants (1- Ponds, Flooded Mineral Workings and Wet Heathland Hollows; 2 - Lakes and Reservoirs; 3 - Fens; 4 - Ferns of the Norfolk Broads' Fens; 5 - Willow Epiphytes in the UK)
Ferns in Woodland with associated plants (1 - Dry, Lowland, Deciduous Woodland; 2 - Inland, Limestone, Valley Woodland; 3 - Base-rich Clay, Valley Woodland; 4 - Basic, Spring-fed Woodland; 5 - Ravine Woodland on Mixed Rock-types; 6 - Native Pine Forest in the UK)