Bee-pollinated Plant Index: White flowers in May

Ivydene Gardens Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index Gallery: White Flowers in May
Botanical Plant Name with link to UK or European Union mail-order supplier	Flower Colour / Sun Aspect of Full Sun, Part Shade, Full Shade with link to photo/data	Flowering Months with link to USA or Canada mail-order supplier	Height with Spacings or Width (W) in inches (cms) 1 inch = 2.5 cms 12 inches = 30 cms 40 inches = 100 cms	Foliage Colour / Soil Moisture of Dry, Moist or Wet with link to Australia, China or New Zealand mail-order supplier	Evergreen (Evg) or Deciduous (Dec or Her) Plant Type / Acidic (Acid), Alkaline (Alk) or Any Soil with link to other page in this website	Nectar / Pollen * = very good bee plant
Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard, Jack-by-the-hedge, Garlic root, Hedge Garlic, Sauce-alone, Penny Hedge, Poor Man's Mustard, Alliaria officinalis. Erysimum alliaria, Sisymbrium alliaria)	White / Part Shade in light woodland, Full Shade in deep woodland. Can also grow in bog gardens. Native to Europe, western and central Asia and northwestern Africa.	April - June Noxious weed in America - Garlic Mustard produces allelo-chemicals which suppress mycorrhizal fungi that most plants, including native forest trees, require for optimum growth.	39 x 16 (98 x 40) However, allelo-chemicals produced by Garlic Mustard do not affect mycorrhizal fungi from Garlic Mustard's native range, indicating that this "novel weapon" in the invaded range explains Garlic Mustard's success in North America	Dark Green / Moist, Wet Americans and Canadians can overcome this invader by eating the young shoots in the first year, or collecting the seeds in the second year and adding them to salads before trashing the older plant.	Her Biennial Herb / Habitat of damp hedgerows, edges of woods and other shady places, preferring basic soils	Nectar
White-flowered Allium like Allium stipitatum 'Mount Everest' and the vegetable onion	White / Full Sun	May - June	48 x 4 (120 x 10)	Dark Green / Moist	Bulb / Well-drained soil	Nectar
Amelanchier canadensis (Juneberry, Shadblow Serviceberry)	White / Full Sun, Part Shade of light woodland. Birds adore the fruit and purloin it before you can. Can also be grown in a large pot or as a hedge	April - May	240 x 120 (600 x 300)	Dark Green / Moist, Wet	Dec Shrub / Well-drained soil with 4 inch (10 cms) depth of Organic Compost as mulch laid in December spread from the trunk to the end of its branches	Pollen, Nectar
Anemone nemerosa and its cultivars (Wood anemone, windflower, thimbleweed, smell fox)	White / Part Shade under deciduous trees or shrubs	March - May	6 x 6 (15 x 15)	Dark Green / Moist	Her Rhizome / Well-drained soil	Pollen
Anthericum liliago (St. Bernard's Lily)	White / Full Sun	May - August The Flower Factory Nursery has model railway and rock gardens	24 x 16 (60 x 40)	Grey-Green / Dry	Her Perennial / Well-drained stony soil	Nectar, Pollen
Arabis alpina (Alpine Rock-cress)	White or Pink / Full Sun, Part Shade of Light Woodland	March - May	8 x 16 (20 x 40)	Dark Green / Moist	Her Perennial / Damp gravels and screes over limestone or well-drained soil	Nectar, Pollen
Arcto-staphylos urva-ursi (Common Bearberry)	White with tinge of Pink / Full Sun, Part Shade	April - July	12 x 48 (30 x 120)	Dark Green / Dry, Moist	Evg Shrub / Well-drained acid sandy soil	Nectar
Bellis perennis (Common Daisy, Lawn Daisy, English Daisy, Bruisewort, Woundwort)	White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets / Full Sun, Part Shade	February - October Flowerhead closes at night and opens in the morning.	6 x 6-9 (15 x 15-23) Spacing	Dark Green / Moist	Evg Perennial / Well-drained soil. Normally grown in regularly mown lawns	Pollen
Bryonia dioica (White Bryony, Red Bryony) Native in Melon (Gourd/Cucumber) Family Deadly poisonous	Greenish - White followed by Red berries containing 3-6 large compressed yellowish with black mottling seeds Full Sun, Part Shade	May - September	160 x 20 (400 x 50)	Pale Green ivy-shaped matt leaves / Moist to Dry	Climber / Hedgerows, woodland margins and scrub on calcareous and base rich soils.	Nectar and Pollen
Chrysanth-emum leucanth-emum (Ox-Eye Daisy, Leucanth-emum vulgare, Dog Daisy, Moon Daisy)	White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets / Full Sun, Part Shade	May - November Noxious weed which is not usually eaten by cattle.	12 x 12 (30 x 30)	Dark Green / Moist	Evg Perennial / Well-drained soil.	Pollen
Convallaria majalis (Lily-of-the-Valley)	White / Part Shade, Full Shade Use as groundcover. All parts of the plant are highly poisonous	May - June	10 x 12 (30 x 25)	Dark green / Moist	Rhizome (Bulb) / Well-drained soil with 2 inch (5cms) of mown autumn leaves applied as a mulch each year in the autumn.	Pollen
Cotoneaster micro-phylla (Dwarf Cotoneaster)	White / Full Sun, Part Shade. Use as mass planted ground cover.	May -	20 x 160 (50 x 400)	Mid-Green / Moist Pest in Australia	Semi-Evergreen / Well-drained soil. Moderately tolerant to salt spray.	Nectar
Cotoneaster 'Simonsii' (Himalayan Cotoneaster, Simon's Cotoneaster, Khasia Berry)	White / Full Sun, Part Shade	May - June	84 x 48 (210 x 120)	Green foliage which turns red in the Autumn / Dry, Moist	Semi-Evergreen Shrub / Well-drained soil	Nectar
Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn, Crataegus oxyacantha) Native in Rose 2 Family	White single flowers but not double flower forms/ Full Sun	May - June	480 x 300 (1200 x 750)	Dark Green turns Yellow in Autumn / Moist	Dec Tree / Any soil	Nectar, Pollen *
Cytisus praecox 'Albus' (Broom and other brooms e.g. Cytisus scoparius)	White / Full Sun	April - May	60 x 80 (150 x 200)	Dark Green /	Dec Shrub / Poor starved soil like sand	Nectar, Pollen
Gaultheria shallon (Box Berry, Mountain Tea, Salal, Shallon)	Pinkish -White / Part Shade	April - June Native American plant Available as seed from South Africa and shipped anywhere	48 x 60 (120 x 150)	Dark Green / Moist	Evg Shrub / Neutral to acid peaty soil - underplant in woodland for wildlife	Nectar
Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris (Climbing hydrangea)	White / Part Shade of morning sun and afternoon shade. Can also be grown as groundcover, perhaps on slopes.	May - July	600 x 200 (1500 x 500)	Mid-Green / Moist	Dec Climber / Well-drained sandy or chalky soil. It grows up trees and rock faces in its native Asian habitats, climbing by means of small aerial roots on the stems.	Nectar
Lithosper-mum arvense (Corn Gromwell, Field Gromwell, Bastard Alkanet)	White / Full Sun. Arable weed in Britain since the Bronze Age.	March - July	18 x 12 (45 x 30)	Narrow Dark Green / Dry	Annual / Well-drained chalky soil in Waste Ground, open fields, roadsides and railroads.	Nectar
Menyanthes trifoliata (Bogbean, Boghop)	White / Full Sun Videos including bee feeding from bogbean flowers	May - July	12 x 12 (30 x 30)	Dark Green / Wet	Aquatic Plant / Grows in bogs, wetlands or pools	Pollen
Mespilus germanica (Common Medlar)	White / Full Sun The fruits (medlars) are only eaten when they are bletted (over-ripe), and can be made into delicious preserves, medlar cheeses or jellies.	May - June Mespilus germanica pomes are one of the few fruits that become edible in winter, making it an important tree for gardeners who wish to have fruit available all year round	200 x 160 (500 x 400) 180 inches (450 cms) spacing.	Dark Green becoming Golden-Yellow/ Brown in the Autumn / Moist	Dec Tree / Acid Sand. Ideally planted in a warm location on slightly acidic well-drained soil, it will tolerate both heat and urban pollution.	Nectar, Pollen
Prunus cerasus (Cherry - Sour cherry, tart cherry, wild cherry. Prunus padus (Bird cherry), Prunus avium (Gean cherry) with Japanese and Morello cherries are also good nectar and pollen sources.	White / Full Sun	April - May	160-200 x 60 (400-500 x 150)	Dark Green / Moist	Dec Tree / Well-drained Any Soil	Nectar, Pollen *
Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn, Buckthorn, Skeg, Sloe Plum, Bullace, Sloe, Snag)	White / Full Sun	April - May	160 x 160 (400 x 400)	Dark Green / Moist	Dec Tree / Moist	Nectar, Pollen
Pyrus communis (European Pear) Native in Rose 3 Family	White / Full Sun	April - May	800 x 400 (2000 x 1000) (W)	Dark Green / Moist	Dec Tree / Well-drained Any soil	Nectar, Pollen *
Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust, False Acacia)	White / Full Sun	May - July	840 x 240 (2100 x 600)	Dark Green / Dry	Dec Tree / Sand	Nectar
Rubus x logano-baccus ( Loganberry )	White / Full Sun, Part Shade 4500 grammes (10 lbs) of edible loganberry fruit per plant per year, which besides being eaten raw can be made into jam and cheesecake	May - July Also grow 1 plant per 12 x 12 inch (30 x 30cms) in width and depth of pot Loganberry fruit should not be confused with Loganberry eggs from Loganberry Farm in America	72 x 12 (180 x 30) Space plants 72 inches (180 cms) apart in each row and rows 72 inches apart	Dark Green / Moist	Perennial plants with Biennial stems / Well-drained soil	Nectar
Stellaria media (Common Chickweed, Chickweed, Chickenwort, Craches, Maruns, Winterweed)	White / Full Sun, Part Shade of Light Woodland. Chickweed grows, flowers and sets seed all year round. It flowers and sets seed at the same time.	January - December Very nutritious, they can be added to salads whilst the cooked leaves can scarcely be distinguished from spring spinach	4 x 20 (10 x 50) Food plant for caterpillars of many butterfly species	Dark Green / Moist. It does not survive in hot and dry conditions.	Annual / Grows almost anywhere, it is a common garden weed and is often eaten by chickens.	Nectar is only produced in sunny weather
Vaccinium myrtillus (Black Whortleberry, Whinberry, Dyeberry, Huckleberry, Hurtleberry, Black Whortles, Trackleberry, Hurts, Bleaberry, Airelle)	Bell-shaped Ivory / Full Sun, Part Shade Vaccinium arboreum in America is also useful for nectar in April-May	April - June	18 x 12 (45 x 30)	Dark Green becoming Red in the Autumn / Moist	Dec Shrub / Well-drained Acid loam soil of heaths, moors and woods	Nectar
Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Mountain Cranberry, Lingonberry, Cowberry)	Pinky-White / Part Shade from a forest canopy	May - June	6 x 12 (15 x 30) Spacing	Mid Green / Moist	Evergreen Shrub / Constantly moist Acid soil	Nectar
Vicia faba (Field Bean, Horse Bean)	White with Black spot / Full Sun or Part Shade	May - August	39 x 6 (98 x 15)	Dark Green / Moist	Annual / Well-drained soil, but will grow in heavy clay soil.	Requires to use the holes made by bumble bees to get the nectar
Ilex aquifolium (Holly) Native in Holly Family	White Female Flower followed by shiny, red berries Full Sun, Part Shade, Full Shade	May-Aug	Ideal for 40-160 inch (100-400 cm) high hedges	Glossy, dark Green, spiky foliage. Moist Can use in exposed or coastal situations	Evergreen Shrub on acidic sand or cliffs. Use in intruder deterrent hedges or under-storey in woodlands	Nectar. Perio-dical clipping of holly hedges prevents flow-ering. Clip in July instead
Prunus laurocerasus (Cherry Laurel, Common Laurel, English Laurel)	Fragrant Creamy-White flowers followed by black fruit in autumn Full Sun, Part Shade	May-Jun Dense, rounded form Bees, hoverflies, ants and wasps are attracted to the flowers and birds eat the berries, so do not prune hedges until the birds have eaten the berries	72 x 72 (180 x 180)	Dark Green Moist or Dry	Evergreen Shrub on Alkaline Clay or deep soil over Chalk. Use for hedges, as a screening plant and a massed landscape plant.	Nectar. Also used by Bumble-bees








The spacings (the distance between the plants) recommended above should enable the plants of the same genera to cover the ground in 2-3 years.
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Welcome to Canada's Only On-Line Garden Club! The Botanus Garden Club airs every Thursday so mark your calendar and join us for your weekly gardening fix.
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Topic
Plants detailed in this website by
Botanical Name
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Bulb
A1, 2, 3, B, C1, 2,
D, E, F, G, Glad,
H, I, J, K, L1, 2,
M, N, O, P, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ ,
Evergreen Perennial
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, X, Y, Z ,
Herbaceous Perennial
A1, 2, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P1, 2, Q, R,
S, T, U, V, W, XYZ,
Diascia Photo Album,
UK Peony Index
Wildflower
Botanical Names,
Common Names ,
will be compared in:- Flower colour/month
Evergreen Perennial,
Flower shape Wildflower Flower Shape and
Plant use
Evergreen Perennial Flower Shape,
Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers
Bee-Pollinated Index
Butterfly
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis, Butterfly Usage of Plants.
Chalk
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, QR, S, T, UV,
WXYZ
Companion Planting
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R , S, T,
U ,V, W, X, Y, Z,
Pest Control using Plants
Fern Fern
1000 Ground Cover A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N,
O, P, Q, R, S, T, U,
V, W, XYZ ,
Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
NO, PQ, R, S, T,
UVWXYZ
Rose Rose Use
These 5 have Page links in rows below
Bulbs from the Infill Galleries (next row), Camera Photos,
Plant Colour Wheel Uses,
Sense of Fragrance, Wild Flower

Case Studies
...Drive Foundations
Ryegrass and turf kills plants within Roadstone and in Topsoil due to it starving and dehydrating them.
CEDAdrive creates stable drive surface and drains rain into your ground, rather than onto the public road.
8 problems caused by building house on clay or with house-wall attached to clay.
Pre-building work on polluted soil.

Companion Planting
to provide a Companion Plant to aid your selected plant or deter its pests

Garden
Construction
with ground drains

Garden Design
...How to Use the Colour Wheel Concepts for Selection of Flowers, Foliage and Flower Shape
...RHS Mixed
Borders
......Bedding Plants
......Her Perennials
......Other Plants
......Camera photos of Plant supports
Garden
Maintenance
Glossary with a tomato teaching cauliflowers
Home
Library of over 1000 books
Offbeat Glossary with DuLally Bird in its flower clock.

Plants
...in Chalk
(Alkaline) Soil
......A-F1, A-F2,
......A-F3, G-L, M-R,
......M-R Roses, S-Z
...in Heavy
Clay Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Lime-Free
(Acid) Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z
...in Light
Sand Soil
......A-F, G-L, M-R,
......S-Z.
...Poisonous Plants.
...Extra Plant Pages
with its 6 Plant Selection Levels

Soil
...Interaction between 2 Quartz Sand Grains to make soil
...How roots of plants are in control in the soil
...Without replacing Soil Nutrients, the soil will break up to only clay, sand or silt
...Subsidence caused by water in Clay
...Use water ring for trees/shrubs for first 2 years.

Tool Shed with 3 kneeling pads
Useful Data with benefits of Seaweed

Topic -
Plant Photo Galleries
If the plant type below has flowers, then the first gallery will include the flower thumbnail in each month of 1 of 6 colour comparison pages of each plant in its subsidiary galleries, as a low-level Plant Selection Process
Aquatic
Bamboo
Bedding
...by Flower Shape

Bulb
...Allium/ Anemone
...Autumn
...Colchicum/ Crocus
...Dahlia
...Gladiolus with its 40 Flower Colours
......European A-E
......European F-M
......European N-Z
......European Non-classified
......American A,
B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M,
N, O, P, Q, R, S,
T, U, V, W, XYZ
......American Non-classified
......Australia - empty
......India
......Lithuania
...Hippeastrum/ Lily
...Late Summer
...Narcissus
...Spring
...Tulip
...Winter
...Each of the above ...Bulb Galleries has its own set of Flower Colour Pages
...Flower Shape
...Bulb Form
...Bulb Use
...Bulb in Soil

Further details on bulbs from the Infill Galleries:-
Hardy Bulbs
...Aconitum
...Allium
...Alstroemeria
...Anemone
...Amaryllis
...Anthericum
...Antholyzas
...Apios
...Arisaema
...Arum
...Asphodeline
...Asphodelus
...Belamcanda
...Bloomeria
...Brodiaea
...Bulbocodium
...Calochorti
...Cyclobothrias
...Camassia
...Colchicum
...Convallaria  ...Forcing Lily of the Valley
...Corydalis
...Crinum
...Crosmia
...Montbretia
...Crocus
...Cyclamen
...Dicentra
...Dierama
...Eranthis
...Eremurus
...Erythrnium
...Eucomis
...Fritillaria
...Funkia
...Galanthus
...Galtonia
...Gladiolus
...Hemerocallis
...Hyacinth
...Hyacinths in Pots
...Scilla
...Puschkinia
...Chionodoxa
...Chionoscilla
...Muscari
...Iris
...Kniphofia
...Lapeyrousia
...Leucojum
...Lilium
...Lilium in Pots
...Malvastrum
...Merendera
...Milla
...Narcissus
...Narcissi in Pots
...Ornithogalum
...Oxalis
...Paeonia
...Ranunculus
...Romulea
...Sanguinaria
...Sternbergia
...Schizostylis
...Tecophilaea
...Trillium
...Tulip
...Zephyranthus
Half-Hardy Bulbs
...Acidanthera
...Albuca
...Alstroemeri
...Andro-stephium
...Bassers
...Boussing-aultias
...Bravoas
...Cypellas
...Dahlias
...Galaxis,
...Geissorhizas
...Hesperanthas
...Gladioli
...Ixias
...Sparaxises
...Babianas
...Morphixias
...Tritonias
...Ixiolirions
...Moraeas
...Ornithogalums
...Oxalises
...Phaedra-nassas
...Pancratiums
...Tigridias
...Zephyranthes
...Cooperias
Uses of Bulbs:-
...for Bedding
...in Windowboxes
...in Border
...naturalized in Grass
...in Bulb Frame
...in Woodland Garden
...in Rock Garden
...in Bowls
...in Alpine House
...Bulbs in Green-house or Stove:-
...Achimenes
...Alocasias
...Amorpho-phalluses
...Arisaemas
...Arums
...Begonias
...Bomareas
...Caladiums
...Clivias
...Colocasias
...Crinums
...Cyclamens
...Cyrtanthuses
...Eucharises
...Urceocharis
...Eurycles
...Freesias
...Gloxinias
...Haemanthus
...Hippeastrums
...Lachenalias
...Nerines
...Lycorises
...Pencratiums
...Hymenocallises
...Richardias
...Sprekelias
...Tuberoses
...Vallotas
...Watsonias
...Zephyranthes
...Plant Bedding in
......Spring
......Summer
...Bulb houseplants flowering during:-
......January
......February
......March
......April
......May
......June
......July
......August
......September
......October
......November
......December
...Bulbs and other types of plant flowering during:-
......Dec-Jan
......Feb-Mar
......Apr-May
......Jun-Aug
......Sep-Oct
......Nov-Dec
...Selection of the smaller and choicer plants for the Smallest of Gardens with plant flowering during the same 6 periods as in the previous selection

Climber in
3 Sector Vertical Plant System
...Clematis
...Climbers
Conifer
Deciduous Shrub
...Shrubs - Decid
Deciduous Tree
...Trees - Decid
Evergreen Perennial
...P-Evergreen A-L
...P-Evergreen M-Z
...Flower Shape
Evergreen Shrub
...Shrubs - Evergreen
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
Evergreen Tree
...Trees - Evergreen
Fern
Grass
Hedging
Herbaceous
Perennial
...P -Herbaceous
...Peony
...Flower Shape
...RHS Wisley
......Mixed Border
......Other Borders
Herb
Odds and Sods
Rhododendron

Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
Pruning Methods
Photo Index R 1, 2, 3
Peter Beales Roses
RV Roger Roses

Soft Fruit
Top Fruit
...Apple
...Cherry
...Pear
Vegetable
Wild Flower and
Butterfly page links are in next row

Topic -
UK Butterfly:-
...Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly Usage
of Plants.
...Plant Usage by
Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly.

Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these
...Flower Shape,
...Uses in USA,
...Uses in UK and
...Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK

Wild Flower with its wildflower flower colour page, space,
data page(s).
...Blue Site Map.
Scented Flower, Foliage, Root.
Story of their Common Names.
Use of Plant with Flowers.
Use for Non-Flowering Plants.
Edible Plant Parts.
Flower Legend.
Flowering plants of Chalk and
Limestone 1, 2.
Flowering plants of Acid Soil 1.
...Brown Botanical Names.
Food for
Butterfly/Moth.
...Cream Common Names.
Coastal and Dunes.
Sandy Shores and Dunes.
...Green Broad-leaved Woods.
...Mauve Grassland - Acid, Neutral, Chalk.
...Multi-Cols Heaths and Moors.
...Orange Hedge-rows and Verges.
...Pink A-G Lakes, Canals and Rivers.
...Pink H-Z Marshes, Fens, Bogs.
...Purple Old Buildings and Walls.
...Red Pinewoods.
...White A-D
Saltmarshes.
Shingle Beaches, Rocks and Cliff Tops.
...White E-P Other.
...White Q-Z Number of Petals.
...Yellow A-G
Pollinator.
...Yellow H-Z
Poisonous Parts.
...Shrub/Tree River Banks and other Freshwater Margins. and together with cultivated plants in
Colour Wheel.

You know its
name:-
a-h, i-p, q-z,
Botanical Names, or Common Names,
habitat:-
on Acid Soil,
on Calcareous
(Chalk) Soil,
on Marine Soil,
on Neutral Soil,
is a Fern,
is a Grass,
is a Rush,
is a Sedge, or
is Poisonous.

Each plant in each WILD FLOWER FAMILY PAGE will have a link to:-
1) its created Plant Description Page in its Common Name column, then external sites:-
2) to purchase the plant or seed in its Botanical Name column,
3) to see photos in its Flowering Months column and
4) to read habitat details in its Habitat Column.
Adder's Tongue
Amaranth
Arrow-Grass
Arum
Balsam
Bamboo
Barberry
Bedstraw
Beech
Bellflower
Bindweed
Birch
Birds-Nest
Birthwort
Bogbean
Bog Myrtle
Borage
Box
Broomrape
Buckthorn
Buddleia
Bur-reed
Buttercup
Butterwort
Cornel (Dogwood)
Crowberry
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1
Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2
Cypress
Daffodil
Daisy
Daisy Cudweeds
Daisy Chamomiles
Daisy Thistle
Daisy Catsears Daisy Hawkweeds
Daisy Hawksbeards
Daphne
Diapensia
Dock Bistorts
Dock Sorrels
Clubmoss
Duckweed
Eel-Grass
Elm
Filmy Fern
Horsetail
Polypody
Quillwort
Royal Fern
Figwort - Mulleins
Figwort - Speedwells
Flax
Flowering-Rush
Frog-bit
Fumitory
Gentian
Geranium
Glassworts
Gooseberry
Goosefoot
Grass 1
Grass 2
Grass 3
Grass Soft
Bromes 1
Grass Soft
Bromes 2
Grass Soft
Bromes 3
Hazel
Heath
Hemp
Herb-Paris
Holly
Honeysuckle
Horned-Pondweed
Hornwort
Iris
Ivy
Jacobs Ladder
Lily
Lily Garlic
Lime
Lobelia
Loosestrife
Mallow
Maple
Mares-tail
Marsh Pennywort
Melon (Gourd/Cucumber)
Mesem-bryanthemum
Mignonette
Milkwort
Mistletoe
Moschatel
Naiad
Nettle
Nightshade
Oleaster
Olive
Orchid 1
Orchid 2
Orchid 3
Orchid 4
Parnassus-Grass
Peaflower
Peaflower
Clover 1
Peaflower
Clover 2
Peaflower
Clover 3
Peaflower Vetches/Peas
Peony
Periwinkle
Pillwort
Pine
Pink 1
Pink 2
Pipewort
Pitcher-Plant
Plantain
Pondweed
Poppy
Primrose
Purslane
Rannock Rush
Reedmace
Rockrose
Rose 1
Rose 2
Rose 3
Rose 4
Rush
Rush Woodrushes
Saint Johns Wort
Saltmarsh Grasses
Sandalwood
Saxifrage
Seaheath
Sea Lavender
Sedge Rush-like
Sedges Carex 1
Sedges Carex 2
Sedges Carex 3
Sedges Carex 4
Spindle-Tree
Spurge
Stonecrop
Sundew
Tamarisk
Tassel Pondweed
Teasel
Thyme 1
Thyme 2
Umbellifer 1
Umbellifer 2
Valerian
Verbena
Violet
Water Fern
Waterlily
Water Milfoil
Water Plantain
W ater Starwort
Waterwort
Willow
Willow-Herb
Wintergreen
Wood-Sorrel
Yam
Yew

Topic -
The following is a complete hierarchical Plant Selection Process
dependent on the Garden Style chosen
Garden Style
...Infill Plants
...12 Bloom Colours per Month Index
...12 Foliage Colours per Month Index
...All Plants Index
...Cultivation, Position, Use Index
...Shape, Form
Index

Topic -
Flower/Foliage Colour Wheel Galleries with number of colours as a high-level Plant Selection Process

All Flowers 53 with
...Use of Plant and
Flower Shape - page links in bottom row

All Foliage 53
instead of redundant
...(All Foliage 212)

All Flowers
per Month 12

Bee instead of wind pollinated plants for hay-fever sufferers
All Bee-Pollinated Flowers
per Month 12
...Index

Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers
Rock Plant Flowers 53 INDEX
A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, H, I, J, K, L,
M, NO, PQ, R, S,
T, UVWXYZ
...Rock Plant Photos

Flower Colour Wheel without photos, but with links to photos
12 Bloom Colours
per Month Index
...All Plants Index

Topic -
Use of Plant in your Plant Selection Process

Plant Colour Wheel Uses
with
1. Perfect general use soil is composed of 8.3% lime, 16.6% humus, 25% clay and 50% sand, and
2. Why you are continually losing the SOIL STRUCTURE so your soil - will revert to clay, chalk, sand or silt.
Uses of Plant and Flower Shape:-
...Foliage Only
...Other than Green Foliage
...Trees in Lawn
...Trees in Small Gardens
...Wildflower Garden
...Attract Bird
...Attract Butterfly
1, 2
...Climber on House Wall
...Climber not on House Wall
...Climber in Tree
...Rabbit-Resistant
...Woodland
...Pollution Barrier
...Part Shade
...Full Shade
...Single Flower provides Pollen for Bees
1, 2, 3
...Ground-Cover
<60cm
60-180cm
>180cm
...Hedge
...Wind-swept
...Covering Banks
...Patio Pot
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border
...Poisonous
...Adjacent to Water
...Bog Garden
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Winter-Flowering
...Fragrant
...Not Fragrant
...Exhibition
...Standard Plant is 'Ball on Stick'
...Upright Branches or Sword-shaped leaves
...Plant to Prevent Entry to Human or Animal
...Coastal Conditions
...Tolerant on North-facing Wall
...Cut Flower
...Potted Veg Outdoors
...Potted Veg Indoors
...Thornless
...Raised Bed Outdoors Veg
...Grow in Alkaline Soil A-F, G-L, M-R,
S-Z
...Grow in Acidic Soil
...Grow in Any Soil
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Grow Bulbs Indoors

Uses of Bedding
...Bedding Out
...Filling In
...Screen-ing
...Pots and Troughs
...Window Boxes
...Hanging Baskets
...Spring Bedding
...Summer Bedding
...Winter Bedding
...Foliage instead of Flower
...Coleus Bedding Photos for use in Public Domain 1

Uses of Bulb
...Other than Only Green Foliage
...Bedding or Mass Planting
...Ground-Cover
...Cut-Flower
...Tolerant of Shade
...In Woodland Areas
...Under-plant
...Tolerant of Poor Soil
...Covering Banks
...In Water
...Beside Stream or Water Garden
...Coastal Conditions
...Edging Borders
...Back of Border or Back-ground Plant
...Fragrant Flowers
...Not Fragrant Flowers
...Indoor
House-plant
...Grow in a Patio Pot
...Grow in an Alpine Trough
...Grow in an Alpine House
...Grow in Rock Garden
...Speciman Plant
...Into Native Plant Garden
...Naturalize in Grass
...Grow in Hanging Basket
...Grow in Window-box
...Grow in Green-house
...Grow in Scree
...Naturalized Plant Area
...Grow in Cottage Garden
...Attracts Butterflies
...Attracts Bees
...Resistant to Wildlife
...Bulb in Soil:-
......Chalk
......Clay
......Sand
......Lime-Free (Acid)
......Peat

Uses of Rose
Rose Index
...Bedding 1, 2
...Climber /Pillar
...Cut-Flower 1, 2
...Exhibition, Speciman
...Ground-Cover
...Grow In A Container 1, 2
...Hedge 1, 2
...Climber in Tree
...Woodland
...Edging Borders
...Tolerant of Poor Soil 1, 2
...Tolerant of Shade
...Back of Border
...Adjacent to Water
...Page for rose use as ARCH ROSE, PERGOLA ROSE, COASTAL CONDITIONS ROSE, WALL ROSE, STANDARD ROSE, COVERING BANKS or THORNLESS ROSES.
...FRAGRANT ROSES
...NOT FRAGRANT ROSES

Topic -
Camera Photo Galleries showing all 4000 x 3000 pixels of each photo on your screen that you can then click and drag it to your desktop as part of a Plant Selection Process:-

RHS Garden at Wisley
Plant Supports -
When supporting plants in a bed, it is found that not only do those plants grow upwards, but also they expand their roots and footpad sideways each year. Pages
1, 2, 3, 8, 11,
12, 13,
Plants 4, 7, 10,
Bedding Plants 5,
Plant Supports for Unknown Plants 5,
Clematis Climbers 6,
the RHS does not appear to either follow it's own pruning advice or advice from The Pruning of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers by George E. Brown.
ISBN 0-571-11084-3 with the plants in Pages 1-7 of this folder. You can see from looking at both these resources as to whether the pruning carried out on the remainder of the plants in Pages 7-15 was correct.
Narcissus (Daffodil) 9,
Phlox Plant Supports 14, 15

Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, Index

National Trust Garden at Sissinghurst Castle
Plant Supports -
Pages for Gallery 1
with Plant Supports
1, 5, 10
Plants
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,
11, 12
Recommended Rose Pruning Methods 13
Pages for Gallery 2
with Plant Supports
2,
Plants 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Dry Garden of
RHS Garden at
Hyde Hall
Plants - Pages
without Plant Supports
Plants 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Nursery of
Peter Beales Roses
Display Garden
Roses Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Nursery of
RV Roger
Roses - Pages
A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,
A6,A7,A8,A9,A10,
A11,A12,A13,A14,
B15,
B16,B17,B18,B19,
B20,
B21,B22,B23,B24,
B25,
B26,B27,B28,B29,
B30,
C31,C32,C33,C34,
C35,
C36,C37,C38,C39,
C40,
C41,CD2,D43,D44,
D45,
D46,D47,D48,D49,
E50,
E51,E52,F53,F54,
F55,
F56,F57,G58,G59,
H60,
H61,I62,K63,L64,
M65,
M66,N67,P68,P69,
P70,
R71,R72,S73,S74,
T75,
V76,Z77, 78,

Damage by Plants in Chilham Village - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4

Pavements of Funchal, Madeira
Damage to Trees - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13
for trees 1-54,
14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
for trees 55-95,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36, 37,
for trees 95-133,
38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
for trees 133-166

Chris Garnons-Williams
Work Done - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13

Identity of Plants
Label Problems - Pages
1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11

Ron and Christine Foord - 1036 photos only inserted so far - Garden Flowers - Start Page of each Gallery
AB1 ,AN14,BA27,
CH40,CR52,DR63,
FR74,GE85,HE96,

Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187
A 1, 2, Photos - 43
B 1, Photos - 13
C 1, Photos - 35
D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
Photos - 411
with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal
E 1, Photos - 21
F 1, Photos - 1
G 1, Photos - 5
H 1, Photos - 21
I 1, Photos - 8
J 1, Photos - 1
K 1, Photos - 1
L 1, Photos - 85
with Label Problems
M 1, Photos - 9
N 1, Photos - 12
O 1, Photos - 5
P 1, Photos - 54
Q 1, Photos -
R 1, 2, 3,
Photos - 229
S 1, Photos - 111
T 1, Photos - 13
U 1, Photos - 5
V 1, Photos - 4
W 1, Photos - 100
with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams
X 1 Photos -
Y 1, Photos -
Z 1 Photos -
Articles/Items in Ivydene Gardens - 88
Flower Colour, Num of Petals, Shape and
Plant Use of:-
Rock Garden
within linked page

Topic -
Fragrant Plants as a Plant Selection Process for your sense of smell:-
Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders

Fragrant Plants:-
Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a
Chalky or Limestone Soil
1, 2, 3, 4
Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a
Sandy Soil
1, 2, 3
Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3
Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves
1, 2
Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit
1, 2, 3
Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers
1, 2
Night-scented Flowering Plants
1, 2

Topic -
Website User Guidelines

My Gas Service Engineer found Flow and Return pipes incorrectly positioned on gas boilers and customers had refused to have positioning corrected in 2020.

White Flowers in May

You can download this page and put this table into WORD or PAGES and add columns to give you common name, foliage colour, plant type, soil, soil moisture, sun, use, etc.
Then, reorder table according to common name, etc.
You then have 12 useful flower colour tables for each of the 12 months of bee-pollinated plants.

The above process can be carried out on any of the pages in this website.

Flowering Months.

Botanical Plant Name

with link to
UK or
European Union
mail-order supplier

link to other page instead of this one in this gallery for its description

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Sophora davidii
(Sophora viciifolia)

Pale Blue to White

Cardamine pratensi

Purple, Lilac or White
cardaminecflospratensiscorke1

Purple, Lilac or White
cardaminecflospratensiscorke2

Purple, Lilac or White
cardaminecflospratensiscorke3

Lunaria annua

Violet or White
lunariacflos1annuawikimediacommons1

Violet or White
lunariacflos1annuawikimediacommons2

Violet or White
lunariacflos1annuawikimediacommons3

Claytonia perfoliata

Pink or White
claytoniacfloperfoliatacorke1

Pink or White
claytoniacfloperfoliatacorke1a

Pink or White
claytoniacfloperfoliatacorke1b

Pink or White
claytoniacfloperfoliatacorke1c

Pink or White
claytoniacfloperfoliatacorke1d

Claytonia siberica

Pink or White

Bellis perennis

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1a

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1b

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1c

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1d

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1e

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1f

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1g

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
belliscflo1perenniswikimediacommons1h

Stellaria media

White
ccommonflochickweed1

White
ccommonflochickweed1a

White
ccommonflochickweed1b

White
ccommonflochickweed1c

White
ccommonflochickweed1d

White
ccommonflochickweed1e

White
ccommonflochickweed1f

White
ccommonflochickweed1g

White
ccommonflochickweed1h

White
ccommonflochickweed1i

White
ccommonflochickweed1j

White
ccommonflochickweed1k

Anemone nemerosa and its cultivars

White
anemonecflo1nemerosaroger1

White
anemonecflo1nemerosaroger1a

White
anemonecflo1nemerosaroger1b

Arabis alpina

White or Pink
arabiscflo1alpinapolunin

White or Pink
arabiscflo1alpinapolunin1

White or Pink
arabiscflo1alpinapolunin2

Botanical Plant Name

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Lithosper-mum arvense

White
corngromwellcflo1

White
corngromwellcflo1a

White
corngromwellcflo1b

White
corngromwellcflo1c

White
corngromwellcflo1d

Aesculus hippo-castanum This is one of the plants poisonous to horses.

White
aesculuscfloshippocastanumpolunin1

White
aesculuscfloshippocastanumpolunin2

Alliaria petiolata

White
alliariacflospetiolatagarlicmustardpolunin1

White
alliariacflospetiolatagarlicmustardpolunin1a

White
alliariacflospetiolatagarlicmustardpolunin1b

Amelanchier canadensis

White
amelanchiercanadensiscflot1a

White
amelanchiercanadensiscflot1b

Arcto-staphylos urva-ursi

White with tinge of Pink
arctostaphyloscflos1uvaursihansen1

White with tinge of Pink
arctostaphyloscflos1uvaursihansen1a

White with tinge of Pink
arctostaphyloscflos1uvaursihansen1b

White with tinge of Pink
arctostaphyloscflos1uvaursihansen1c

Cytisus praecox 'Albus'

White
cytisuscflosxpraecoxalbuskavanagh1

White
cytisuscflosxpraecoxalbuskavanagh2

Gaultheria shallon

Pinkish -White

Prunus cerasus,
Prunus padus

White
prunuscflos1padusbirdcherrypolunin1

White
prunuscflos1padusbirdcherrypolunin2

Prunus spinosa

White
prunuscflosspinosapolunin1

White
prunuscflosspinosapolunin2

Pyrus communis

White
pyruscflos1communisbeechhillcoblands1

White
pyruscflos1communisbeechhillcoblands2

Vaccinium myrtillus

Bell-shaped Ivory

Botanical Plant Name

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

White-flowered Allium like Allium stipitatum 'Mount Everest' and the vegetable onion

White

alliumcflostipitatummounteverestkevock1

White

alliumcflostipitatummounteverestkevock2

Anthericum liliago

White
anthericumcfloliliagofoord1

White
anthericumcfloliliagofoord1a

White
anthericumcfloliliagofoord1b

White
anthericumcfloliliagofoord1c

Bryonia dioica

Greenish - White
cwhiteflobryony1

Greenish - White
cwhiteflobryony1a

Greenish - White
cwhiteflobryony1b

Greenish - White
cwhiteflobryony1c

Greenish - White
cwhiteflobryony1d

Chrysanth-emum leucanth-emum

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
chrysanthemumcflo1leucanthemumoxeyedaisycorke1

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
chrysanthemumcflo1leucanthemumoxeyedaisycorke1a

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
chrysanthemumcflo1leucanthemumoxeyedaisycorke1b

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
chrysanthemumcflo1leucanthemumoxeyedaisycorke1c

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
chrysanthemumcflo1leucanthemumoxeyedaisycorke1d

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
chrysanthemumcflo1leucanthemumoxeyedaisycorke1e

White ray-florets with central disc of Yellow Disc-florets
chrysanthemumcflo1leucanthemumoxeyedaisycorke1f

Convallaria majalis

White
convallariacflospmajaliswikimediacommons1

White
convallariacflospmajaliswikimediacommons2

Cotoneaster micro-phylla

White

Cotoneaster 'Simonsii'

White

Crataegus monogyna

White single flowers but not double flower forms
ccrataegusflo1monogyna1

White single flowers but not double flower forms
ccrataegusflo1monogyna2

Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris

White
hydrangeafoltpetiolaris1

White
hydrangeafoltpetiolaris2

White
hydrangeafoltpetiolaris3

Botanical Plant Name

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Menyanthes trifoliata

White
menyanthescfloptrifoliatabuckbeancorke1

White
menyanthescfloptrifoliatabuckbeancorke2

White
menyanthescfloptrifoliatabuckbeancorke3

Mespilus germanica

White
mespilusfflo1pgermanicamedlarfoord1

White
mespilusfflo1pgermanicamedlarfoord2

Robinia pseudoacacia

White
robiniacflosppseudacaciapolunin1

White
robiniacflosppseudacaciapolunin2

White
robiniacflosppseudacaciapolunin3

Rubus x logano-baccus

White

Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Pinky-White
vacciniumflotvitisidaea1

Pinky-White
vacciniumflotvitisidaea2

Vicia faba

White with Black spot

Prunus avium

White
wildcflo2cherryfoord1a1

White
wildcflo2cherryfoord2a1

Ilex aquifolium
(Holly)
Requires male Holly tree nearby to pollinate the female flowers on the female tree

White
cilexfloaquifolium1a
Female Flower

White
cilexfloaquifolium2a
Female Flower

White
cilexfloaquifolium3a
Female Flower

White
cilexfloaquifolium4a
Female Flower

Prunus laurocerasus
(Cherry Laurel)

Fragrant Creamy-White
prunuscflosplaurocerasuspolunin1

Fragrant Creamy-White
prunuscflosplaurocerasuspolunin1a

Pyracantha coccinea
(Scarlet Firethorn,
Red Firethorn)

White flowers with 5 petals followed by bright red berries

Botanical Plant Name

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Arabis caucasica and its cultivars
(Mountain Rock Cress,
Garden Arabis,
Caucasian Rockcress)

Garden Arabis is Native in Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 1 Family

Sweet-scented White or Pink

Cotoneaster conspicuus
(Tibetan cotoneaster,
大果栒子 da guo xun zi)

Cup-shaped White

Cotoneaster dammeri
( Bearberry Cotoneaster )

Fragrant White with pink outer sides
cotoneastercflospdamneriiwikimediacommons1

Fragrant White with pink outer sides
cotoneastercflospdamneriiwikimediacommons1a

Hebe pinguifolia 'Pagei'
(Shrubby Veronica)

Burncoose Nurseries provides this Hebe Growing Guide.

White flowers in dense, axillary spikes

Acer capillipes
(Red Snake-bark Maple)

Greenish white flowers in pendent racemes

Aesculus indica and it's cultivars
(Indian Horse Chestnut, Himalayan Horse Chestnut)

White flowers turn Pink once pollinated

Botanical Plant Name

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Best plants for bees by BBC Gardeners' World Magazine Published: Friday, 18 March, 2022 at 8:30 am
Our gardens are extremely important for bees and other pollinators, providing them with the nectar and pollen they need to thrive, as well as nesting habitats. Nectar provides them with the energy they need to fly and find a nest, while pollen provides bee grubs with the protein they need to grow. By growing a good mix of flowering plants in your garden, you can provide a wealth of nectar and pollen for a wide range of bee species.

How to grow plants for bees

Choose single, open flowers where you can see the central part of the flower – where the bees can access the nectar and pollen. Different bees are active at different times of the year. Some emerge from hibernation as early as February, while others are still flying in November. To give bees the best possible chance to thrive, it's therefore important to grow flowers from late winter to autumn – all year round if possible.
Planting spring bulbs? A great way to help bees in spring is to plant spring-flowering bulbs in autumn. Bulbs are hardy and reliable plants, so you can guarantee the bees will have a source of pollen and nectar when there's little else in flower.
Planting bulbs in containers is an easy way to ensure you don’t miss their colourful displays, especially if they’re along the front path, next to the back door or on your patio. Choosing varieties that are rich in both nectar and pollen will be a lifeline for the first emerging bumblebees, some of which come out from hibernation as early as February. Plant bulbs that flower over a long season, including early-flowering crocus and late-spring flowering fritillaries. By combining bulbs, you’ll not only create eye catching pots but attract different pollinators, too.
Grow single flowers for bees
Most double flowers are of little use, as they have so many petals the bees can't get to the central part of the flower, where the nectar and pollen are found. Roses and dahlias are often bred to have double flowers, but there are plenty of beautiful single-flowered varieties to grow, instead.
Grow purple flowers for bees
Bees can see the colour purple more clearly than any other colour, and some of the best bee plants, such as lavender, alliums, buddleia and catmint, have purple flowers. That said, many flowers in other colours will still attract bees, so don't pull them up!
Grow tubular-shaped flowers for bees
Tubular-shaped flowers such as foxgloves, honeysuckle, penstemons and snapdragons are an important source of food for long-tongued bees such as the garden bumblebee, Bombus hortorum.
Grow flowers all year round
Most bees are most active from March to September, but some emerge from hibernation early in mild winters, while buff-tailed bumblebee queens will occasionally start nesting in autumn, rather than hibernating, establishing a 'winter colony'. Aim to have at least two nectar- or pollen-rich plants in flower during winter. Plants like winter honeysuckle and winter clematis are perfect for the job.
Spring flowers for bees

• Bluebell

• Bugle

• Crab apple

• Crocus

• Flowering cherry and currant

• Forget-me-not

• Hawthorn

• Primrose

• Pulmonaria

• Rhododendron is fine for bumble-bees, but toxic to honey-bees. Use Clematis as an alternative.
'Mad Honey' from Rhododendron ponticum in its native northern Turkey is toxic to humans. The toxins of Rhododendron are grayanotoxins.
Same lethal 'Mad Honey' problem from Azaleas, but this time with andromedotoxins. Use Digitalis as an alternative.
Gardener's growing Rhododendrons or Azaleas are killing the local honey bee population.

• Rosemary
Early-summer flowers for bees

• Campanula

• Comfrey

• Delphinium

• Foxglove

• Hardy geranium

• Honesty

• Hollyhock

• Potentilla

• Snapdragon

• Stachys

• Teasel

• Thyme

• Verbascum
Late-summer flowers

• Aster

• Buddleja

• Cardoon

• Cornflower

• Dahlia (single-flowered)

• Eryngium

• Globe thistle

• Goldenrod

• Heather

• Ivy

• Lavender

• Penstemon

• Scabious

• Sedum

• Verbena bonariensis

This group has been completed in the Index Gallery only

Table 10. British Floral Sources of importance to Honey Bees from
Plants and Honey Bees
An Introduction to Their Relationships
by David Aston and Sally Bucknall.
Printed by Northern Bee Books.
First published 2004, Reprinted 2009. ISBN 0-393-30879-0

Months in flower for nectar and pollen amended by Chris Garnons-Williams
with link to its first flower month index colour page

Precis of Table 10 with Plant Names split into their starting letter of the alphabet, then followed by link to its first flower month index colour page
Letter of the Alphabet	Botanical Plant Name Link	Botanical Plant Name Link	Botanical Plant Name Link	Botanical Plant Name Link	Botanical Plant Name Link
A	Alnus glutinosa Brown	Anchusa species Blue	Arabis species White	Aubretia deltoidea Unusual	Alcea rosea like Alcea rosea 'Nigra' Unusual
	Acer pseudo-platanus Green	Armeria maritima Pink	Anemone nemerosa and its cultivars (Wood anemone, windflower, thimbleweed, smell fox) Native in Buttercup Family White
	Aesculus hippo-castanum White	Acer species like Acer campestre Green	Aster species - Aster novi-belgii, Aster novae-angliae (Michael-mas Daisies including Aster amellus - Italian Starwort and other asters) Unusual	Allium species like Allium unifolium There are other Alliums in Allium/ Anemone Gallery and Native Alliums in the Lily Garlic Family. Pink
B	Berberis Unusual	Betula species Brown	Borago officinalis Blue	Brassica species White	Brassica rapa Yellow
	Bryonia dioica (White Bryony, Red Bryony) Native in Melon (Gourd/Cucumber) Family Deadly poisonous White
C	Colchicum autumnale Pink	Calluna vulgaris Unusual See Heather calluna Gallery	Cytisus scoparius Yellow	Campanula Blue	Ceanothus species Blue
	Crocus species Crocus vernus and Crocus nudiflorus Purple	Crataegus species like Crataegus monogyna White	Corylus avellana Yellow	Centaurea species like Centaurea nigra Purple
	Calluna vulgaris See Heather calluna Gallery Unusual	Castanea sativa Yellow	Cirsium and Carduus species like Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle, Bull thistle, Common Thistle, Carduus lanceolatus, Carduus vulgaris) Native in Daisy Thistle Family Purple	Clematis vitalba (Oldmans Beard, Travellers Joy, Herbe aux gueux, Beggar's Herb, Rascal's Herb) Native in Buttercup Family Cream	Chamae-nerion angusti-folium (Rosebay Willowherb, Epilobium angusti-folium, Fireweed, Bombweed, Chamerion angusti-folium) Native in Willow-Herb Family Pink
D	Doronicum like Doronicum plantagineum Yellow
E	Escallonia species like Escallonia macrantha Red	Echium vulgare (Viper's Bugloss, Blueweed) Native in Borage Family Blue	Erysimum species like Cheiranthus cheiri (Wallflower, Erysimum cheiri, Fleur de Nostra-Dama, Flor de pasque, Gillflower, Goldlack, Saint Geourges, Saint Jean, Todrilal, Wild Wallflower) Native in Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2 Family Unusual	Eranthis hyemalis (Winter Aconite) From Bee pollinated flowers in winter Nov-Feb in Plants Folder Native in Buttercup Family Yellow	Erica species like Erica cinerea (Bell Heather) Native in Heath Family See Erica cinerea Index of cultivars with its other flower colours ranging from white through pink to red Purple
F	Fagus sylvatica in Europe Brown	Fraxinus excelsior Purple	Foeniculum vulgare Yellow	Fuchsia magellanica Red
G	Geranium species are Native in Geranium Family Blue	Galanthus nivalis White
H	Hyacinthoides non-scripta Blue	Hieracleum species like Hieraclium spondylium White	Hedera helix Green	Helianth-emum species like Helianthe-mum chamae-cistus (Common Rock-Rose) Native in Rockrose Family Yellow	Helianthus species like Helianthus annuus (Sunflower, Common Sunflower) Yellow
I	Impatiens balsamina, Impatiens bicolor. Unusual	Ilex aquifolium White
J
K
L	Lotus corniculatus Yellow	Lobularia maritima Unusual	Lamium species like Lamium purpureum Mauve	Lavendular angustifolia Purple	Ligustrum ovalifolium (Japanese Privet, Korean Privet, California Privet, Garden Privet, Oval-leafed Privet) White
	Lythrum salicaria Native in Loosestrife Family Purple	Limonium species like Limonium vulgare (Common Sea-Lavender) Mauve	Linaria species like Linaria vulgaris (Common Toadflax, Yellow Toadflax, Butter-and-eggs) Native in Figwort - Mulleins Family Yellow
M	Monarda fistulosa and Monarda didyma Unusual	Malus pumila Unusual	Malus sylvestris Unusual	Myosotis species like Myosotis arvensis Blue	Medicago sativa Purple
	Malva sylvestris Purple	Mentha species like Mentha aquatica (Water Mint, Mentha hirsuta) Unusual	Melilotus officinalis (Common Melilot, Melilotus arvensis, Ribbed Melilot, Yellow Melilot, Sweet Yellow Clover) Native in Peaflower Family Yellow
N	Nepeta cataria Mauve
O	Origanum vulgare Pink
P	Prunus dulcis Pink	Prunus spinosa White	Prunus avium White	Prunus domestica White	Polemonium caeruleum Blue
	Prunus domestica (Plum, Damson, Egg Plums, Greengages, Prunus insititia) White	Papaver species like Papaver dubium (Long-headed Poppy) Red	Prunus laurocerasus (Cherry Laurel, Common Laurel, English Laurel), Prunus lusitanica White	Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet Firethorn, Red Firethorn) White	Parthen-ocissus quin-quefolia Green
	Prunus laurocerasus White	Pyrus communis (European Pear) Native in Rose 3 Family White	Phacelia tanacetifolia Blue	Plantago lanceolata (Ribwort Plantain) Unusual
Q	Quercus species like Quercus robur (Pedunculate Oak, English Oak Tree, Common Oak, European Oak) Unusual
R	Rubus fruticosus White	Ranunculus species like Ranunculus repens Yellow	Ranunculus ficaria Yellow	Ribes species Unusual	Ribes uva-crispa Unusual
	Rubus idaeus White	Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust, False Acacia) White	Rosa canina (Dog Rose, Rosa coriifolia, Rosa stylosa, Rosa obtusifolia) Native in Rose 2 Family and other Wildflower Rosa species in that Rose Family Pink
S	Scrophularia species like Scrophularia nodosa Green	Solidago species like Solidago virgaurea Yellow	Spiraea ulmaria Cream	Sinapis alba (White Mustard, Brassica alba, Brassica hirta, Sinapis foliosa, Bonannaria officinalis) and Brassica juncea (Brown Mustard) Yellow	Senecio jacobaea (Common Ragwort, St. James' Wort, Jacobaea vulgaris) Native in Daisy Family Yellow
	Salvia officinalis (Sage, Common Sage, Garden Sage) Unusual	Salix species like Salix pentranda (Bay Willow, Bay-leaved Willow, Laurel Willow) Native in Willow Family Yellow	Scabiosa, Knautia and Succisa species with common name containing Scabious See Field Scabious, Small Scabious and Devilsbit Scabious are Native in Teasel Family
T	Taraxacum officinale (Taraxum vulgare) Grow with Clover and Alfalfa in Pots to help bees and birds Yellow	Tilia species like Tilia vulgaris Yellow	Trifolium pratense Pink	Thymus species like Mentha rotundifolia (Apple Mint, Mentha suaveolens, Round-leaved Mint) Native in Thyme 1 Thyme 2 Family White	Trifolium repens Native in Peaflower Clover 3 Family White
	Teucrium scorodonia (Wood-sage, Woodland Germander) Native in Thyme 2 Family Green
U	Ulex minor Yellow	Ulmus species like Ulmus glabra Unusual	Ulex europaeus Yellow
V	Vaccinium myrtillus White	Vicia faba White	Verbascum species like Verbascum thapsus (Common Mullein, Great Mullein, Greater Mullein) Yellow	Veronica species like Veronica chamaedrys (Birdseye Speedwell, Germander Speedwell) Native in Figwort - Speedwells Family Blue	Vicia species like Vicia sativa (Garden Vetch, Tare, Vetch, Common Vetch) Native in Peaflower Vetches/Peas Family Purple
	Viola odorata (Sweet Violet, Wood Violet, English Violet, Common Violet, Florist's Violet, Garden Violet) Native in Violet Family Purple
W
X
Y
Z

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Pollen

Alnus glutinosa

Alder

Brown

Nectar and Pollen

Prunus dulcis

Almond

Pink

000

Pollen

Lobularia maritima

Alyssum

Unus-ual

000

Nectar

Anchusa species

Anchusa

Blue

000

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Malus pumila

Apple

Unus-ual

000

Nectar and Pollen.

Arabis species

Arabis

White

000

Pollen

Fraxinus excelsior

Ash

Purp-le

000

Nectar and Pollen

Aubretia deltoidea

Aubretia

Unus-ual

000

Pollen

Colchicum autumnale

Autumn Crocus

Pink

000

Honey and
Nectar

Impatiens balsamina, Impatiens bicolor.

Balsam

Unus-ual

000

Pollen source only in UK.

Beechwood Honey in New Zealand

Fagus sylvatica in Europe

Beech

Brown

000

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen.

Major bee plant

Calluna vulgaris

See Heather calluna Gallery

Bell Heather

Unus-ual

000

000
and Nov

Barberry Honey and Nectar

Berberis

Mar

Unus-ual

000

Nectar

Monarda fistulosa and Monarda didyma

Bergamot

Unus-ual

000

Nectar.
Bilberry Mining Bee collects its pollen

Vaccinium myrtillus

Billberry

White

000

Pollen
Can smother other plants, so do not plant in your garden

Calystegia sepium and Convolvulus arvensis

Bindweed

000

Pollen.
It is wind pollinated

Betula species

Birch

Mar

Brown

000

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Single-flowered wild plant for its Nectar

Lotus corniculatus

Bird's-foot-trefoil

Yell-ow

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Rubus fruticosus

Blackberry

White

000

Nectar and Pollen

Prunus spinosa

Blackthorn

White

000

Nectar

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

Bluebell

Blue

000

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Borago officinalis

Borage

Blue

000

Honey, Nectar and Pollen

Brassica species

Brassicas

White

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen

Cytisus scoparius

Broom

Yell-ow

000

Pollen may be harmful to bees. Poisonous to horses, cattle and other livestock eating it

Ranunculus species like Ranunculus repens

Buttercup

Yell-ow

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen.

Campanula

Blue

000

Nectar.

Nepeta cataria

Cat-mint

Mauve

000

Nov

Pollen in UK. Nectar and Pollen in USA.

Ceanothus species

Ceanothus

Blue

000

Pollen

Ranunculus ficaria

Lesser Celandine

Mar

Yell-ow

000

Honey, Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Prunus avium

Wild Cherry

White

000

Nectar and Pollen. Also used by Bumble Bees

Malus sylvestris

Crab apple

Mar

Unus-ual

000

Nectar and Pollen

Geranium species in Geranium Family

Crane's-bill but not Pelargon-iums - bedding plants

Blue

000

Pollen

Crocus species
Crocus vernus and Crocus nudiflorus

Crocus

Purp-le

000

Honey, Nectar and Pollen

Ribes species

Currants

Unus-ual

000

Honey and Nectar.
Major bee plant.

Prunus domestica

Damson

White

Honey, Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Taraxacum officinale
(Taraxum vulgare)
Grow with Clover and Alfalfa in Pots to help bees and birds

Dandelion

Yell-ow

000

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Nectar and Pollen.
White dead-nettle
(Lamium album) regularly flowers thoughout winter months.

Lamium species like Lamium purpureum

Dead-nettle

Mar

Mauve

000

Nectar and Pollen.

Doronicum like Doronicum plantagineum

Leopard's Bane

Yell-ow

000

Pollen

Ulex minor

Dwarf Gorse

Yell-ow

000

Sep

Pollen

Ulmus species like Ulmus glabra

Elm

Unus-ual

Nectar and Pollen.

Escallonia species like Escallonia macrantha

Escallonia

Red

000

Nectar and Pollen

Foeniculum vulgare

Fennel

Yell-ow

000

Honey, Nectar and Pollen. Major bee plant.

Vicia faba

Field bean, Broad Bean, French Bean, Kidney Bean and Runner Bean in the UK

White

000

Nectar

Scrophularia species like Scrophularia nodosa

Figwort

Green

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen.

Myosotis species like Myosotis arvensis

Forget-me-not

Blue

000

Nectar.
Honey in USA

Fuchsia magellanica

Fuschia

Red

000

Nectar and Pollen

Solidago species like Solidago virgaurea

Golden rod

Yell-ow

000

Nectar

Ribes uva-crispa

Gooseberry

Unus-ual

000

Pollen

Ulex europaeus

Gorse

Jan-Mar

Yell-ow

000

Sep-Dec

Honey, Nectar and Pollen. Major bee plant.

Crataegus species like Crataegus monogyna

Hawthorn

White

000

Pollen

Corylus avellana

Hazel

Yell-ow

000

Nectar and Pollen

Hieracleum species like Hieraclium spondylium

Hogweed

White

000

Nectar. Periodical clipping of holly hedges prevents flowering. Clip in July instead

Ilex aquifolium

Holly

White

000

Nectar. Pollen is in high demand this late in the season

Alcea rosea like Alcea rosea 'Nigra'

Hollyhock

Unus-ual

000

Sep

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen. This is one of the plants poisonous to horses.

Aesculus hippo-castanum

Horse-chestnut

White

000

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen
Major bee plant.
Ivy can produce a useful supply of nectar from October until the first frosts.

Hedera helix

Ivy

Sep-Nov

Green

Nectar and Pollen

Polemonium caeruleum

Jacob's-ladder

Blue

000

Honey and
Nectar

Centaurea species like Centaurea nigra

Knapweed

Purp-le

000

Sep

Nectar.
Also used by Bumblebees

Prunus laurocerasus

Laurel

White

000

Honey and Nectar.
Also used by Bumblebees

Lavendular angustifolia

Lavender

Purp-le

000

Sep

Honey and Nectar.
Also used by Bumblebees
Major bee plant.

Tilia species like Tilia vulgaris

Lime (Linden tree)

Yell-ow

Honey, Nectar and Pollen. Major bee plant.

Calluna vulgaris

See Heather calluna Gallery

Ling Heather

Unus-ual

000

Sep-Nov

Nectar

Medicago sativa

Lucerne, Alfalfa

Purp-le

000

Nectar and Pollen.
Also used by Bumblebees

Malva sylvestris

Mallow

Purp-le

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.
Also used by Bumblebees

Acer species like Acer campestre

Maple

Green

000

Nectar is also collected from O. marjoranae and O. onites

Origanum vulgare

Marjoram

Pink

000

Sep

Pollen

Spiraea ulmaria

Meadow-sweet

Cream

000

Sep

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen

Aster species - Aster novi-belgii, Aster novae-angliae (Michael-mas Daisies including Aster amellus - Italian Starwort and other asters)

Michael-mas daisy

Unus-ual

Nectar.
Fields of mint are harvested before they flower.

Mentha species like
Mentha aquatica
(Water Mint,
Mentha hirsuta)

Mint

Unus-ual

000

Sep

Pollen

Verbascum species like
Verbascum thapsus
(Common Mullein,
Great Mullein, Greater Mullein)

Mullein

Yell-ow

000

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen

Sinapis alba
(White Mustard, Brassica alba, Brassica hirta, Sinapis foliosa, Bonannaria officinalis) and
Brassica juncea (Brown Mustard)

Mustard

Yell-ow

000

Pollen

Quercus species like
Quercus robur
(Pedunculate Oak, English Oak Tree, Common Oak, European Oak)

Oak

Unus-ual

000

Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Brassica napus and
Brassica rapa

Oil-seed rape autumn sown

000

Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Brassica napus and
Brassica rapa

Oil-seed rape spring sown

000

Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Brassica rapa

Barge-man's Cabbage

Yell-ow

000

Nectar

Allium species like Allium unifolium

There are other Alliums in Allium/ Anemone Gallery and native Alliums in the
Lily Garlic Family.

Onion

Pink

000

Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Pyrus communis (European Pear)
Native in
Rose 3 Family

Pear

White

000

Nectar and Pollen
Major bee plant.

Phacelia tanacetifolia

Phacelia

Blue

000

Pollen

Plantago lanceolata (Ribwort Plantain)

Plantain in Plantain Family

Unus-ual

000

Honey,
Nectar and
Pollen
Major bee plant.

Prunus domestica (Plum, Damson,
Egg Plums, Greengages,
Prunus insititia)

Plum

White

Pollen

Papaver species like Papaver dubium
(Long-headed Poppy)

Poppy

Red

000

Nectar from neglected privet hedges

Ligustrum ovalifolium (Japanese Privet,
Korean Privet, California Privet,
Garden Privet, Oval-leafed Privet)

Privet

White

Nectar and Pollen

Prunus laurocerasus
(Cherry Laurel,
Common Laurel,
English Laurel), Prunus lusitanica

Prunus

White

000

Nectar and Pollen
Highly invasive

Lythrum salicaria
Native in
Loosestrife Family

Purple-loosestrife

Purp-le

000

Nectar and Pollen

Pyracantha coccinea
(Scarlet Firethorn,
Red Firethorn)

Firethorn

White

000

Nectar and Pollen.
Toxic to grazing animals and humans. Do not grow.

Senecio jacobaea
(Common Ragwort,
St. James' Wort, Jacobaea vulgaris)
Native in
Daisy Family

Ragwort

Yell-ow

000

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Rubus idaeus

Raspberry

White

000

Nectar and Pollen
Major bee plant.

Trifolium pratense

Red clover

Pink

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen.
Also used by Bumblebees

Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust, False Acacia)

False Acacia

White

000

Pollen

Helianth-emum species like
Helianthe-mum chamae-cistus
(Common Rock-Rose)
Native in
Rockrose Family

Rock-rose

Yell-ow

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen

Salvia officinalis
(Sage, Common Sage,
Garden Sage)

Sage

Unus-ual

000

Nectar

Scabiosa, Knautia and Succisa species with common name containing Scabious

See Field Scabious, Small Scabious and Devilsbit Scabious in Teasel Family

000
Purple flo-wers

000

In coastal regions sea lavender will yield good nectar producing a light coloured honey.

Limonium species like Limonium vulgare
(Common Sea-Lavender)

Sea-lavender

Mauve

000

Pollen is collected from the Wild-flower but not from the double flowers of the garden varieties.

Galanthus nivalis

Snowdrop

White

Nectar and Pollen

Helianthus species like Helianthus annuus
(Sunflower, Common Sunflower)

Sunflower

Yell-ow

000

Pollen

Castanea sativa

Sweet Chestnut

Yell-ow

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Acer pseudo-platanus

Sycamore

Green

000

Nectar and Pollen

Cirsium and Carduus species like Cirsium vulgare
(Spear Thistle, Bull thistle, Common Thistle, Carduus lanceolatus, Carduus vulgaris)

Native in
Daisy Thistle Family

Thistle

Purp-le

000

Nectar and Pollen

Armeria maritima

Thrift

Pink

000

Nectar
Should be in every garden.

Thymus species like Mentha rotundifolia
(Apple Mint, Mentha suaveolens, Round-leaved Mint)

Native in Thyme 1
Thyme 2 Family

Thyme

White

000

Nectar

Linaria species like Linaria vulgaris
(Common Toadflax, Yellow Toadflax, Butter-and-eggs)

Native in Figwort - Mulleins Family

Toadflax

Yell-ow

000

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Pollen

Clematis vitalba
(Oldmans Beard, Travellers Joy, Herbe aux gueux, Beggar's Herb, Rascal's Herb)

Native in
Buttercup Family

Traveller's joy

Cream

000

Sep

Nectar and pollen.
Should be in every garden.

Veronica species like Veronica chamaedrys (Birdseye Speedwell, Germander Speedwell)

Native in Figwort - Speedwells Family

Veronica

Blue

000

Pollen

Vicia species like Vicia sativa
(Garden Vetch, Tare, Vetch, Common Vetch)

Native in Peaflower Vetches/Peas Family

Vetch

Purp-le

000

Sep

Nectar

Viola odorata
(Sweet Violet, Wood Violet, English Violet, Common Violet, Florist's Violet, Garden Violet)

Native in
Violet Family

Violet

Mar

Purp-le

000

Nectar

It's the number one bee plant.

Echium vulgare
(Viper's Bugloss, Blueweed)

Native in Borage Family

Viper's bugloss

Blue

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen

Parthen-ocissus quin-quefolia

Virginia creeper

Green

000

Nectar and Pollen

Erysimum species like
Cheiranthus cheiri
(Wallflower, Erysimum cheiri,
Fleur de Nostra-Dama, Flor de pasque, Gillflower, Goldlack, Saint Geourges, Saint Jean, Todrilal,
Wild Wallflower)

Native in Crucifer (Cabbage/Mustard) 2 Family

Wallflower

Mar

Unus-ual

000

Nectar and Pollen

Bryonia dioica
(White Bryony, Red Bryony)

Native in Melon (Gourd/Cucumber) Family

Deadly poisonous

White bryony

White

000

Sep

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant.

Trifolium
repens

Native in Peaflower
Clover 3 Family

White clover

White

000

Sep

Pollen

Rosa canina
(Dog Rose,
Rosa coriifolia,
Rosa stylosa,
Rosa obtusifolia)

Native in
Rose 2 Family
and other Wildflower Rosa species in that Rose Family

Wild rose

Pink

000

Honey,
Nectar and Pollen

Salix species like Salix pentranda
(Bay Willow, Bay-leaved Willow,
Laurel Willow)

Native in
Willow Family

Willow

Yell-ow

000

Nectar and Pollen.
Major bee plant. Popular with Bumblebees

Chamae-nerion angusti-folium
(Rosebay Willowherb, Epilobium angusti-folium, Fireweed, Bombweed, Chamerion angusti-folium)

Native in
Willow-Herb Family

Rosebay Will-owherb

Pink

000

Sep

Nectar and Pollen and visited by Bumble Bee

Eranthis hyemalis
(Winter Aconite)

From Bee pollinated flowers in winter Nov-Feb in Plants Folder

Native in
Buttercup Family

Winter aconite

Jan-Mar

Yell-ow

Nectar and Pollen

Erica species like Erica cinerea
(Bell Heather)

Native in Heath Family

See Erica cinerea Index of cultivars with its other flower colours ranging from white through pink to red

Winter heaths

Purp-le

000

Pollen

Anemone nemerosa
and its cultivars (Wood anemone, windflower, thimbleweed, smell fox)

Native in Buttercup Family

Wood anemone

Mar

White

000

Nectar and Pollen

Teucrium scorodonia
(Wood-sage, Woodland Germander)

Native in Thyme 2 Family

Wood sage

Green

000

Sep

Nectar

Sweet clover is a major source of nectar for domestic honey bees as hives near sweet clover can yield up to 200 pounds of honey in a year.

Melilotus officinalis
(Common Melilot, Melilotus arvensis, Ribbed Melilot, Yellow Melilot, Sweet Yellow Clover)

Native in Peaflower Family

Yellow melilot

Yell-ow

000

Sep

Comment

Plant Name

Common Name

Feb-Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep-Oct

Cash strapped Councils could save money and help bees and pollinators by planting CLOVER as

1) clover lawn areas, instead of grass, around public buildings,
2) create clover, instead of grass, roundabouts,
3) clover strips instead of grassy verges,
4) include within formal planting schemes to provide free fertiliser for the adjacent lavender or other plants
5) seed clover mixed with buttercup and bird's foot trefoil to grow on brownfield sites such as among the ruins of the old industrial buildings. Instead of applying weedkiller with the aim of 'tidying up', these can then be left alone by councils.

for the following benefits:-

A) Reduce mowing costs,

B) Suitable for areas where taller grasses would otherwise impede visibilty for traffic,

C) Low risk of 'litter trapping',

D) Help councils achieve aims to create pollinator habitats,

E) Relatively hard wearing and drought resistant varieties available,

F) Thrives in poor soil, and nitrogen fixing - so would as a legume provide free food for trees and shrubs planted in same area and

G) Attractive and fragrant.

The 264 bee-pollinated plants in Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index are in addition to the bee-pollinated plants shown as thumbnails in the pages of this Gallery of 12 Flower Colours per month FROM the Circular Colour Wheel below. Enumber indicates Empty Index Page. Bottom row of Grey is Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour. Click on the OOO in the Index Table below to link to those bee-pollinated plants of that flower colour in that month.
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
OOO E1.	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Blue	OOO	OOO E11.	OOO E12.
OOO E13.	OOO E14.	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Mauve	OOO	OOO	OOO E24.
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Purple	OOO	OOO E35.	OOO E36.
OOO E37	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO E42	OOO	OOO	OOO Brown	OOO	OOO E47	OOO E48
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Cream	OOO E58	OOO E59	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Green	OOO	OOO E71	OOO E72
OOO E73	OOO E74	OOO E75	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO E80	OOO E81Orange	OOO E82	OOO E83	OOO E84
OOO E85	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Pink	OOO	OOO E95	OOO E96
OOO E97	OOO E98	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Red	OOO	OOO E107	OOO E108
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO White	OOO	OOO	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Yellow	OOO	OOO	OOO
OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO	OOO Unusual	OOO	OOO	OOO E144
The above Index table states details of each plant in each page of Bee Pollinated Bloom Calendar Colour Wheel Gallery below. "The Beesource Beekeeping website was started in 1997 by a hobbyist beekeeper and became an online community for beekeepers and beekeeping in 1999. It has experienced organic, word of mouth grassroots growth ever since. Today, Beesource.com has 48.2K registered members and is the most active online beekeeping community of its kind in the world." Bee Pollinated Bloom Calendar Colour Wheel:-
Inner circle of Grey is 12 months of Unusual or Multi-Coloured Flower Colour
Bulb and Perennial Height from Text Border				Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)			Blue = 12-24 inches (30-60 cms)	Green = 24-36 inches (60-90 cms)	Red = 36-72 inches (90- 180 cms)	Black = 72+ inches (180+ cms)
Shrub Height from Text Border				Brown = 0-12 inches (0-30 cms)			Blue = 12-36 inches (30-90 cms)	Green = 36-60 inches (90- 150 cms)	Red = 60-120 inches (150- 300 cms)	Black = 120+ inches (300+ cms)
Tree Height from Text Border				Brown = 0-240 inches (0- 600 cms)			Blue = 240- 480 inches (600- 1200 cms)	Green = 480+ inches (1200 + cms)	Red = Potted	Black = Use in Small Garden
Climber Height from Text Border							Blue = 0-36 inches (0-90 cms)	Green = 36-120 inches (90-300 cms)	Red = 120+ inches (300+ cms)
Bamboo, Bedding, Conifer, Fern, Grass, Herb, Rhododendron, Rose, Soft Fruit, Top Fruit, Vegetable and Wildflower Height from Text Border							Blue = 0-24 inches (0-60 cms)	Green = 24-72 inches (60- 180 cms)	Red = 72+ inches (180+ cms)
Plant Soil Moisture from Text Background							Wet Soil	Moist Soil		Dry Soil
BEE-POLLINATED BLOOM IN MONTH PLANT INDEX GALLERY PAGES Site Map Societies by Plant Type in USA National Plant Societies in UK				Ivydene Horticultural Services .				Site design and content copyright ©July 2013. Amended Menus July 2015. Amended Menus and corrected meta tags June 2017. Amended Table 10 July 2022. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. How trees fight Climate Change.
The process below provides a uniform method for comparing every plant detailed in the following galleries with the ones already compared in the relevant plant gallery from the last list of plant galleries in this cell:- These are the galleries that will provide the plants to be added to their own Extra Index Pages Bee plants for hay-fever sufferers - Bee-Pollinated Index is in the column on the left Plants that grow in Chalk - A, Rock Garden and Alpine Flowers - A, Bulbs from the Infill Galleries see Hardy Bulbs, Half-hardy Bulbs, etc in the second row of Topic Table, usually positioned as the first table on the left. The complete Camera Photo is displayed on the screen Climber in 3 Sector Vertical Plant System Plants with Sense of Fragrance When the following Extra Index of Bee Pollinated Plants is created in the Bee-Pollinated Index Gallery, its bee-pollinated flower thumbnail - or foliage thumbnail if it does not have flowers - will be compared with the others in the relevant gallery below. The Header Row for the Extra Indices pages is the same as used in the 1000 Ground Cover A of Plants Topic:- A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W , XYZ Having transferred the Extra Index row entry to the relevant Extra Index row for the same type of plant in a gallery below; then its flower or foliage thumbnail will be compared per month in that relevant gallery:- Aquatic Bamboo Bedding Bulb Conifer - Conifers have no flowers and are used for their foliage and cones Deciduous Shrub Deciduous Tree Evergreen Perennial Evergreen Shrub Evergreen Tree Fern - Ferns have no flowers and are used for their foliage Grass - Grass is used for its grass inflorescence and foliage Hedging Herbaceous Perennial Herb Odds and Sods Rhododendron, Azalea and Camellia Soft Fruit Top Fruit Vegetable Wild Flower
Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index. So, how can I feed the bees if I have no soil in my garden? You could start with a sedum roof covering for a DIY green roof on a flat roof of a house, garage, carport, on a roof which is not more than 20 degrees from horizontal, or on top of hardstanding which is at ground level. Biodiverse mats could be used instead of sedum mats for the above areasto attract bees. Then, there is no reason why you could not have Green Walls as well. You could then progress to Rootop Gardens, which may require a further strengthening of the supporting structure to carry the potential extra weight:- How to create a Rooftop Garden is one way and you could use some of the plants from the list below!!! You could have a green roof on your house for Healthy Cities. If you do not fancy putting plants on the walls or your roof, then you could have a series of window box gardens and Balcony gardens using self-watering planters and boxes from Amberol. If you have the room in the hardstanding round your property then why not use a series of Promenade Self-Watering Planters from Amberol. These are easy to work on - even if you are in a wheelchair or otherwise infirm - and they could still then provide flowers for the bees to use. "What do bees need? Undisturbed nesting sites Solitary bees may burrow into the ground, into mortar in brick and stonework, or use hollow bramble stems, or beetle borings in rotten wood. Increasingly, artificial purpose-built 'homes' are being provided by conservation minded people. Social bees, such as bumblebees, may construct their nests in old mouse, vole and mole holes; under hedge vegetation; beneath moss or grass tussocks, and under piles of cut vegetation. Honey bees will use beehives, cavities in old trees or walls, roof spaces and chimneys. Locations where the queen bumblebees can over-winter, dry and undisturbed. Consistent supplies of pollen and nectar sources from early spring to late autumn. Pollen is needed for its proteins, lipids (essential for brood food production) and other constituents to produce sufficient brood, feed adult bees, help ensure the health of the colony and to create new comb. Nectar is collected and processed by another bee before being stored in the comb as honey. Both Pollen and Nectar is required by the bee colony throughout the 9-10 months they are active and rearing brood. When required, some of the bees will uncap the cells, add water to make a 50:50 honey to water mix and distribute it to others in the colony to provide the energy they need - especially in the winter during the other 2-3 months when not collecting pollen or nectar. The Beekeeper's Garden by Hooper and Taylor - Published by Alphabooks Ltd., in 1988 - ISBN 0-7136-3023-X - provides comprehensive information on suitable plants, also useful is the classic text of Plants and Beekeeping by Howes, F.N, which was originally published prior to 1923 and a reproduction by Ulan Press and printed by Amazon.co.uk, Ltd was produced this century. Unpolluted water." from Plants and Honey Bees An Introduction to Their Relationships by David Aston and Sally Bucknall. Printed by Northern Bee Books. First published 2004, Reprinted 2009. ISBN 0-393-30879-0 The Potential Impact of Global Warming The potential impact of global warming on UK gardens has been considered in the report 'Gardening in the Global Greenhouse, the impacts of climate change on gardens in the UK', published in November 2002 under the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP(). A number of scenarios were described, together with the likely changes in garden styles caused by climatic changes. These could have a significant effect on the availability and timing of bee forage. The following is from its conclusions:- The role of gardens and parks as innumerable components in a green web, supporting and at times replacing the fragile network of natural ecosystems, has been little explored in this report. However, these millions of landscapes, large and small, will have a vital role to play in reinforcing a system of ecological corridors through which wildlife can migrate in response to climate change.
The plants in Table 10 (on the right) and others within this table cell below will be included in either Bee Bloom Calendar Gallery or Bees Bloom Calendar Gallery :- there are Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in these pages 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) Above 72 inches (180 cms) Photos - Bloom per Month Blooms Nov-Feb Blooms Mar-May Blooms Jun-Aug 1, 2 Blooms Sep-Oct and the following:- ACER (Deciduous/Evergreen Shrub/Tree) in March-April with Acer pseudo-platanus (Sycamore) in April-May (Green) and Acer campestre (Maple, Field Maple) Native in Maple Family in May-Jun (Green) CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA (Herbaceous Perennial) in March-May in Above 72 inches (180 cms) page CROCUS (Bulb) in September-April with Crocus vernus (Crocus purpureus, Spring Crocus, Purple Crocus) - Crocus vernus 'Flower Record' in Feb-Apr (Purple) from Bee pollinated flowers in winter Nov-Feb in Plants Folder and in Colchicum/ Crocus Gallery CYDONIA OBLONGA (Deciduous Shrub) in April-June DAFFODIL (Bulb) in December-May DAHLIA (Bulb) in June-November DUTCH HYACINTH (Bulb) in March-April HEATHERS (Evergreen Shrub) in every month HEDERA HELIX (Evergreen Climber) in September-November as last major source of nectar and pollen in the year HELIANTHEMUM (Deciduous Shrub) in June-August - Pollen only collected when the flowers open during sunny weather HELENIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-October HELLEBORUS (Herbaceous Perennial) in January-March HEUCHERA (Evergreen Perennial) in May-September HIBISCUS (Deciduous Shrub) in August-September ILEX (Evergreen Tree) in May-June LAVANDULA (Annual, Herbaceous Perennial or Shrub) in June-July LAVATERA (Annual, Biennial, or Herbaceous Perennial) in May-August LEPTOSIPHON (Annual) in June-August MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA (Evergreen Tree) in August-September MALVA SYLVESTRIS (Biennial) in June-September MENTHA (Herb) in July-August NEMOPHILA (Annual) in April-June NIGELLA (Annual) in July-September PHILADELPHUS species only with single flowers (Shrub) in June POLEMONIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in April-June PRUNUS CERASIFERA (Deciduous Tree) in February-March PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS (Evergreen Shrub) in April-June PYRACANTHA COCCINEA (Evergreen Shrub) in May-June ROSES (Deciduous Shrub/Climber) in June-October RUBUS IDAEUS (Raspberry) (Soft Fruit) in May-June SALVIA SUPERBA (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-September - no bee garden should be without this plant - for those plants.
What are Beebombs and why do we need them sown? 97% of native British Wildflower habitat has been lost since World War 2. Wildflower habitats are where bees and butterflies make their lives. With Beebombs you can re-create these lost habitats and to help bring back the bees. Beebombs need no gardening skill and can be scattered straight onto open ground at any time of the year. Once scattered, Beebombs just need lots of water, sun and time. Wildflowers are hardy and adaptable but slow growers. This means that they can be out-competed by faster growing grasses and perennial weeds at the critical early stages, so straight onto soil is best if possible. The soil will help your Beebombs germinate and the clay will protect them as they dissipate. Lots of sun and rain is of course important, as is time. Wildflowers are a little slower growers than many imported plants and flowers. Some will flower in the first year but most will not come out until the 2nd year.
The following details come from Cactus Art:- "A flower is the the complex sexual reproductive structure of Angiosperms, typically consisting of an axis bearing perianth parts, androecium (male) and gynoecium (female). Bisexual flower show four distinctive parts arranged in rings inside each other which are technically modified leaves: Sepal, petal, stamen & pistil. This flower is referred to as complete (with all four parts) and perfect (with "male" stamens and "female" pistil). The ovary ripens into a fruit and the ovules inside develop into seeds. Incomplete flowers are lacking one or more of the four main parts. Imperfect (unisexual) flowers contain a pistil or stamens, but not both. The colourful parts of a flower and its scent attract pollinators and guide them to the nectary, usually at the base of the flower tube. Androecium (male Parts or stamens) It is made up of the filament and anther, it is the pollen producing part of the plant. Anther This is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen.  Filament This is the fine hair-like stalk that the anther sits on top of. Pollen This is the dust-like male reproductive cell of flowering plants. Gynoecium (female Parts or carpels or pistil)  It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures. Stigma This is the part of the pistil which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate.  Style This is the long stalk that the stigma sits on top of.  Ovary The part of the plant that contains the ovules.  Ovule The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds.   Petal  The colorful, often bright part of the flower (corolla).  Sepal  The parts that look like little green leaves that cover the outside of a flower bud (calix).  (Undifferentiated "Perianth segment" that are not clearly differentiated into sepals and petals, take the names of tepals.)" ........ The following details come from Nectary Genomics:- "NECTAR. Many flowering plants attract potential pollinators by offering a reward of floral nectar. The primary solutes found in most nectars are varying ratios of sucrose, glucose and fructose, which can range from as little a 8% (w/w) in some species to as high as 80% in others. This abundance of simple sugars has resulted in the general perception that nectar consists of little more than sugar-water; however, numerous studies indicate that it is actually a complex mixture of components. Additional compounds found in a variety of nectars include other sugars, all 20 standard amino acids, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, vitamins, organic acids, oils, free fatty acids, metal ions and proteins. NECTARIES. An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing the complex mixture of compounds found in nectar. Nectaries can occur in different areas of flowers, and often take on diverse forms in different species, even to the point of being used for taxonomic purposes. Nectaries undergo remarkable morphological and metabolic changes during the course of floral development. For example, it is known that pre-secretory nectaries in a number of species accumulate large amounts of starch, which is followed by a rapid degradation of amyloplast granules just prior to anthesis and nectar secretion. These sugars presumably serve as a source of nectar carbohydrate. WHY STUDY NECTAR? Nearly one-third of all worldwide crops are dependent on animals to achieve efficient pollination. In addition, U.S. pollinator-dependent crops have been estimated to have an annual value of up to $15 billion. Many crop species are largely self-incompatible (not self-fertile) and almost entirely on animal pollinators to achieve full fecundity; poor pollinator visitation has been reported to reduce yields of certain species by up to 50%."
The following details about DOUBLE FLOWERS comes from Wikipedia:- "Double-flowered" describes varieties of flowers with extra petals, often containing flowers within flowers. The double-flowered trait is often noted alongside the scientific name with the abbreviation fl. pl. (flore pleno, a Latin ablative form meaning "with full flower"). The first abnormality to be documented in flowers, double flowers are popular varieties of many commercial flower types, including roses, camellias and carnations. In some double-flowered varieties all of the reproductive organs are converted to petals — as a result, they are sexually sterile and must be propagated through cuttings. Many double-flowered plants have little wildlife value as access to the nectaries is typically blocked by the mutation. There is further photographic, diagramatic and text about Double Flowers from an education department - dept.ca.uky.edu - in the University of Kentucky in America. "Meet the plant hunter obsessed with double-flowering blooms" - an article from The Telegraph.
Colour Wheel of All Flowers Primary Colours:- Red. Yellow. Blue. Secondary Colours:- Orange. Green. Violet. Tertiary Colours:- Red Orange. Yellow Orange. Yellow Green. Blue Green. Blue Violet. Red Violet.
Rock Garden (Alpines) suitable for Small Gardens in 53 Colours Click on number in flower colour required in that month. FLOWERING IN MONTH January February March April May June July August September October November December
"Soils vary enormously in characteristics, but the size of the particles that make up a soil defines its gardening characteristics: Clay: less than 0.002mm Silt: 0.002-0.05mm Sand: 0.05-2mm Stones: bigger than 2mm in size Chalky soils also contain calcium carbonate or lime The dominating particle size gives soil its characteristics and because the tiny clay particles have a huge surface area for a given volume of clay they dominate the other particles: Clay soils have over 25 percent clay. Also known as heavy soils, these are potentially fertile as they hold nutrients bound to the clay minerals in the soil. But they also hold a high proportion of water due to the capillary attraction of the tiny spaces between the numerous clay particles. They drain slowly and take longer to warm up in spring than sandy soils. Clay soils are easily compacted when trodden on while wet and they bake hard in summer, often cracking noticeably. Sandy soils have high proportion of sand and little clay. Also known as light soils, these soils drain quickly after rain or watering, are easy to cultivate and work. They warm up more quickly in spring than clay soils. But on the downside, they dry out quickly and are low in plant nutrients, which are quickly washed out by rain. Sandy soils are often very acidic. Silt soils, comprised mainly of intermediate sized particles, are fertile, fairly well drained and hold more moisture than sandy soils, but are easily compacted Loams are comprised of a mixture of clay, sand and silt that avoid the extremes of clay or sandy soils and are fertile, well-drained and easily worked. They can be clay-loam or sandy-loam depending on their predominant composition and cultivation characteristics. Peat soils are mainly organic matter and are usually very fertile and hold much moisture. They are seldom found in gardens. Chalky or lime-rich soils may be light or heavy but are largely made up of calcium carbonate and are very alkaline." from Royal Horticultural Society.
PLANTS PAGE MENU Introduction Site Map PLANT USE Plant Selection Level 1 Bee Forage Plants Attracts Bird/Butterfly Photos - Butterfly Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) Above 72 inches (180 cms) Photos - Bloom per Month Blooms Nov-Feb Blooms Mar-May Blooms Jun-Aug 1, 2 Blooms Sep-Oct Groundcover Height 0-24 inches (0-60 cms) 24-72 inches (60-180 cms) Above 72 inches (180 cms) Poisonous Cultivated and UK Wildflower Plants with Photos or Cultivated Poisonous Plants or Wildflower Poisonous Plants Rabbit-Resistant Plant Flower Arranging Wildflower Photos - Wildflowers PLANTS FOR SOIL Plant Selection Level 2 Info - Any Soil Plants - Any Soil A-F Plants - Any Soil G-L Plants - Any Soil M-R Plants - Any Soil S-Z Info - Chalky Soil Plants - Chalk Soil A-F Plants - Chalk Soil G-L Plants - Chalk Soil M-R Plants - Chalk Soil S-Z Info - Clay Soil Plants - Clay Soil A-F Plants - Clay Soil G-L Plants - Clay Soil M-R Plants - Clay Soil S-Z Info - Lime-Free Soil Plants - Lime-Free Soil A-F Plants - Lime-Free Soil G-L Plants - Lime-Free Soil M-R Plants - Lime-Free Soil S-Z Info - Sandy Soil Plants - Sand Soil A-F Plants - Sand Soil G-L Plants - Sand Soil M-R Plants - Sand Soil S-Z Info - Peaty Soils Plants - Peaty Soil A-F Plants - Peaty Soil G-L Plants - Peaty Soil M-R Plants - Peaty Soil S-Z Following parts of Level 2a, Level 2b, Level 2c and Level 2d are included in separate columns together with Acid Soil, Alkaline Soil, Any Soil, Height and Spread, Flowering Months and Flower Colour in their Columns, and also Companion Plants to aid this plant Page, Alpine Plant for Rock Garden Index Page Native to UK WildFlower Plant in its Family Page in this website and/or Level 2cc in the Comment Column within each of the Soil Type Pages of Level 2				PLANTS PAGE MENU Plant Selection by Plant Requirements Level 2a Sun aspect, Moisture Plant Selection by Form Level 2b Tree Growth Shape Shrub/Perennial Growth Habit Plant Selection by Garden Use Level 2c Bedding Photos - Bedding Bog Garden Coastal Conditions Containers in Garden Front of Border Hanging Basket Hedge Photos - Hedging Pollution Barrier Rest of Border Rock Garden Photos - Rock Garden Thorny Hedge Windbreak Woodland Plant Selection by Garden Use Level 2cc Others Aquatic Back of Shady Border Crevice Garden Desert Garden Raised Bed Scree Bed Specimen Plant Trees for Lawns Trees for Small Garden Wildflower Photos - Wildflowers Plant Selection by Plant Type Level 2d Alpine Photos - Evergr Per Photos - Herbac Per Photos - RHS Herbac Photos - Rock Garden Annual Bamboo Photos - Bamboo Biennial Bulb Photos - Bulb Climber Photos - Climber Conifer Deciduous Rhizome Deciduous Shrub Photos - Decid Shrub Evergreen Perennial Photos - Evergr Per Evergreen Shrub Photos - Evergr Shrub Fern Photos - Fern Fruit Plant Grass Herb Herbaceous Perennial Photos - Herbac Per Remaining Top Fruit Soft Fruit Sub-Shrub Top Fruit Tuber Vegetable Photos - Vegetable				PLANTS PAGE MENU REFINING SELECTION Plant Selection by Flower Colour Level 3a Blue Flowers Photos - Bedding Photos - Bulb Photos - Climber Photos - Evergr Per Photos - Evergr Shrub Photos - Wild Flower Orange Flowers Photos - Bedding Photos - Wild Flower Other Colour Flowers Photos - Bedding Photos - Bulb Photos - Climber Photos - Evergr Per Photos - Evergr Shrub Photos - Wild Flower Red Flowers Photos - Bedding Photos - Bulb Photos - Climber Photos - Decid Shrub Photos - Evergr Per Photos - Evergr Shrub Photos - Herbac Per Photos - Rose Photos - Wild Flower White Flowers Photos - Bedding Photos - Bulb Photos - Climber Photos - Decid Shrub Photos - Decid Tree Photos - Evergr Per Photos - Evergr Shrub Photos - Herbac Per Photos - Rose Photos - Wild Flower Yellow Flowers Photos - Bedding Photos - Bulb Photos - Climber Photos - Decid Shrub Photos - Evergr Per Photos - Evergr Shrub Photos - Herbac Per Photos - Rose Photos - Wild Flower Photos - 53 Colours in its Colour Wheel Gallery Photos - 12 Flower Colours per Month in its Bloom Colour Wheel Gallery Plant Selection by Flower Shape Level 3b Photos - Bedding Photos - Evergr Per Photos - Herbac Per Plant Selection by Foliage Colour Level 3c Aromatic Foliage Finely Cut Leaves Large Leaves Other Non-Green Foliage 1 Non-Green Foliage 2 Sword-shaped Leaves PRUNING Plant Selection by Pruning Requirements Level 4 Pruning Plants GROUNDCOVER PLANT DETAIL Plant Selection Level 5 Plant Name - A Plant Name - B Plant Name - C Plant Name - D Plant Name - E Plant Name - F Plant Name - G Plant Name - H Plant Name - I Plant Name - J Plant Name - K Plant Name - L Plant Name - M Plant Name - N Plant Name - O Plant Name - P Plant Name - Q Plant Name - R Plant Name - S Plant Name - T Plant Name - U Plant Name - V Plant Name - W Plant Name - XYZ Then, finally use COMPANION PLANTING to aid your plant selected or to deter Pests Plant Selection Level 6
THE 2 EUREKA EFFECT PAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING SOIL AND HOW PLANTS INTERACT WITH IT OUT OF 15,000:- THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE 2 QUARTZ GRAIN SIBLINGS, and HOW ROOTS OF PLANTS ARE IN CONTROL IN THE SOIL before continuing in this website. Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines Page for those photo galleries with Photos (of either ones I have taken myself or others which have been loaned only for use on this website from external sources)
There are other pages on Plants which bloom in each month of the year in this website:- 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Plants Blue, Orange, Red, Yellow, White, Other Colours which lead on to other pages Colour Wheel - All Flowers per Month 12 Bedding Bulb Climber Deciduous Shrub Deciduous Tree Evergreen Perennial Evergreen Shrub Evergreen Tree Herbaceous Perennial Rhododendron Rose Wild Flower				Plants for Cut Flowers in January February March April May June July August September October November December Climber 3 sector Vertical Plant System with flowers in Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May 1, 2 Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec				Indoor Bulbs for December January February Indoor Bulbs for March April May Indoor Bulbs for June July August Indoor Bulbs for September October November Plant Bloom Dec-Jan Feb-Mar Plant Bloom Apr-May Jun-Aug Plant Bloom Sep-Oct Nov-Dec
I hope that you find that the information in this website is useful to you:- I like reading and that is shown by the index in my Library, where I provide lists of books to take you between designing, maintaining or building a garden and the hierarchy of books on plants taking you from the coffee-table book where different blue primrose cultivars occur in the prose on pages 17, 90 and 202, to ones where there is a table of primrose cultivars with blue flowers on a single page, to what plants to associate with those blue primroses and companion plants for them. There are these systems for choosing plants as shown in There are 6 Plant Selection Levels including Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in Plants topic Garden Style Index Gallery - Choose a plant from its Sense of Fragrance from Roy Genders Fragrant Plants:- Trees and Shrubs with Scented Flowers. Trees and Shrubs with Scented Leaves. Trees and Shrubs with Aromatic Bark. Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for an Acid Soil. Shrubs bearing Scented Flowers for a Chalky or Limestone Soil. Shrubs bearing Scented leaves for a Sandy Soil. Herbaceous Plants with Scented Flowers. Herbaceous Plants with Scented Leaves. Annual and Biennial Plants with Scented Flowers or Leaves. Bulbs and Corms with Scented Flowers. Scented Plants of Climbing and Trailing Habit. Winter-flowering Plants with Scented Flowers. Night-scented Flowering Plants. Scented Aquatic Plants. Plants with Scented Fruits. Plants with Scented Roots. Trees and Shrubs with Scented Wood. Trees and Shrubs with Scented Gums. Scented Cacti and Succulents. Plants bearing Flowers or Leaves of Unpleasant Smell. P Flower in Month Index Gallery - 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery P Shrub Tree Shape Index Gallery Flower Shape or Fragrance:- Shape, Form Index Colour Wheel of All Flowers 53 flower colours Colour Wheel of All Flowers per Month 53 flower colours Choose a plant from 1 of 6 flower colours per month for each type of plant:- Aquatic Bedding with its Flower Shape Bulb with its Flower Shape , Bulb Form , Bulb Use and Bulb in Soil Climber in 3 Sector Vertical Plant System Conifer Deciduous Shrub Deciduous Tree Evergreen Perennial with its Flower Shape Evergreen Shrub Evergreen Tree Hedging Herbaceous Perennial with its Flower Shape Herb Odds and Sods Rhododendron Rose with its Rose Use and Pruning Methods Soft Fruit Top Fruit Wild Flower with its Plant Usage by Egg, Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Butterfly. Both native wildflowers and cultivated plants, with these Flower Shape, Uses in USA, Uses in UK and Flo Cols / month are used by Butter-flies native in UK. This All Bee-Pollinated Flowers gallery compares 13 flower colour photos per month for many plants from the other Galleries, by clicking on the 1 in the relevant Flower per month Colour in the Colour Wheel down on the right, the Bee-pollinated Index Gallery provides the tabular index of another 264 plants with the relevant colour in that respective month:- 51 ANNUALS 2 ANNUAL - VEGETABLE 4 AQUATIC PLANTS 11 BIENNIALS 21 BULBS, CORMS, OR RHIZOMES 4 CLIMBERS 31 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS 26 DECIDUOUS TREES 9 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS 22 EVERGREEN SHRUBS 2 EVERGREEN TREES 2 GRASSES which cause hayfever 4 SEMI-EVERGREEN SHRUBS 66 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS 9 PERENNIAL HERBS Choose a plant from its foliage:- Bamboo Conifer Fern Grass Vegetable when I do not have my own or ones from mail-order nursery photos, then from March 2016, if you want to start from the uppermost design levels through to your choice of cultivated and wildflower plants to change your Plant Selection Process then use the following galleries:- Create and input all plants known by Amateur Gardening inserted into their Sanders' Encyclopaedia from their edition published in 1960 (originally published by them in 1895) into these Stage 1 - Garden Style Index Gallery, then Stage 2 - Infill Plants Index Gallery being the only gallery from these 7 with photos (from Wikimedia Commons) , then Stage 3 - All Plants Index Gallery with each plant species in its own Plant Type Page followed by choice from Stage 4a, 4b, 4c and/or 4d REMEMBERING THE CONSTRAINTS ON THE SELECTION FROM THE CHOICES MADE IN STAGES 1 AND 2 Stage 4a - 12 Bloom Colours per Month Index Gallery, Stage 4b - 12 Foliage Colours per Month Index Gallery with Stage 4c - Cultivation, Position, Use Index Gallery and Stage 4d - Shape, Form Index Gallery Unfortunately, if you want to have 100's of choices on selection of plants from 1000's of 1200 pixels wide by up to 16,300 pixels in length webpages, which you can jump to from almost any of the pages in these 7 galleries above, you have to put up with those links to those choices being on the left topic menu table, the header of the middle data table and on the page/index menu table on the right of every page of those galleries. You could look up its botanical name:- Plant Photo Galleries with Plant Botanical Index of all plants detailed in this website ...A, B, C, D, E, ...F, G, H, I, J, K, ...L, M, N, O, P, Q, ...R, S, T, U, V, W, ...X, Y, Z You could look up its UK Wildflower Botanical Name or its UK Wildflower Common Name:- ...Brown Botanical Names. Food for Butterfly/Moth. ...Cream Common Names. You could look at a photo of 4000 x 3000 pixels of a plant using:- Plant with Photo Index of Ivydene Gardens - 1187 A 1, 2, Photos - 43 B 1, Photos - 13 C 1, Photos - 35 D 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Photos - 411 with Plants causing damage to buildings in Chilham Village and Damage to Trees in Pavements of Funchal E 1, Photos - 21 F 1, Photos - 1 G 1, Photos - 5 H 1, Photos - 21 I 1, Photos - 8 J 1, Photos - 1 K 1, Photos - 1 L 1, Photos - 85 with Label Problems M 1, Photos - 9 N 1, Photos - 12 O 1, Photos - 5 P 1, Photos - 54 Q 1, Photos - R 1, 2, 3, Photos - 229 S 1, Photos - 111 T 1, Photos - 13 U 1, Photos - 5 V 1, Photos - 4 W 1, Photos - 100 with Work Done by Chris Garnons-Williams X 1 Photos - Y 1, Photos - Z 1 Photos - 82 rock garden plants (with photos) suitable for small garden areas; split into:- 2 ALLIUM and ANEMONE Bulbs 3 BULBS - Spring Catalogue. For planting in February/ May 2 BULBS - Late Summer Catalogue. For planting in July/ September 7 BULBS - Autumn Catalogue. For planting in September/ November 2 Bulbs - Winter Catalogue. For planting in November/ March 35 COLCHICUM AND CROCUS BULBS. 0 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS 30 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS 1 EVERGREEN SHRUBS 0 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS 0 ROSES in the Rock Plant Flowers Gallery. All the remaining rock garden plants detailed in the Rock Garden Plant Index pages in the Rock Plant Flowers are waiting to receive photos, before they can be added to the 1 of the 52 Rockgarden Colour Wheel - Flowers Pages and then the above list. I am taking photos of rock garden plants suitable for small gardens and if they do not have their own Plant Description Page in this website, then each photo of each plant will be located at the bottom of the relevant 1 of 52 Rockgarden Flower Colour Wheel pages. Usually a link in *** to that page of 35 will be included in the Name field of the respective Index Page, for:- 15 BULBS, CORMS and TUBERS 4 EVERGREEN SUBSHRUBS 7 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS 2 EVERGREEN SHRUBS 7 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS Then a link using More Photos Page links to the Rock Plant Photos Gallery for each of the above 35 Rock Garden Plants
All-purpose Seaweed Stimulant All-purpose organic concentrated seaweed feed that is a ready to use, derived from sustainable harvested kelp, that can be used on all outdoor and indoor plants, except acid loving plants, use our Ericaceous seaweed stimulant instead. Perfect used in conjunction with Rootgrow™. The product contains very high levels of auxins and cytokins that are naturally plant growth promoters. The natural hormones in Empathy All Purpose Seaweed are taken up by the plant and promote faster and stronger root and shoot growth. They will also promote the development of beneficial bacteria, microbes and the Mycorrhizal Fungi in the soil.
Plants and Beekeeping by Howes, F.N. originally published prior to 1923, republished by Amazon on 21 March 2007 and it represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. Its contents are being used in the creation of this Bee-pollinated Bloom Index Gallery. I insert the plant names into this Index, but I cannot insert all the useful data as well!

Copied from

Ivydene Gardens Bee-Pollinated Bloom Plant Index Gallery:
Bee-pollinated Plant Index Site Map

Bee-pollinated plants are suitable for Hay-fever Sufferers.
The Bee-pollinated Bloom in Month and Bees-pollinated Bloom in Month Galleries
compare 13 flower colour photos per month as shown in the Flower Colour Wheel on the right in the next table. Each flower thumbnail in these Bee-Pollinated Galleries will have their:-

Botanical Name
Flower Colour
Months of Flowering
Height
Sun aspect
Soil moisture and
Deciduous, Herbaceous or Evergreen Plant Type.

in the text box below the thumbnail.
For each month of each colour there is a corresponding Index page for that colour and month in the
Bee-pollinated Bloom in Month Index Gallery on the right in the next table. Besides nectar and pollen being produced by different Heather plants throughout each year, there are 264 of these other bee-pollinated plants (with links to photos, cultivation details and mail-order suppliers in Europe, America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and China) suitable for hay-fever sufferers, see below in this same row.
All the bee-pollinated plants (which are in the Plants and Beekeeping by Howes, F.N. originally published prior to 1923, republished by Amazon on 17 March 2007 and it represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work). Its contents are being used in the creation of this Bee-pollinated Bloom Index Gallery will have their:-

Botanical Name
Flower Colour
Months of Flowering
Height and spacings (The spacings - the distance between the plants - recommended above should enable the plants of the same genera to cover the ground in 2-3 years.) or default of width (W)
Foliage Colour
Sun aspect
Soil moisture
Deciduous, Herbaceous or Evergreen Plant Type and
Nectar and/or Pollen taken by Bee

in one of the Bee-pollinated Plant Index pages. :-

Bee-Pollinated Plant Set 1. Set 1 has been completed in both the Bloom in Month and Index Galleries.

These 264 plants are from the other Galleries:-

51 ANNUALS, then
NEMOPHILA flowering in April-June and
NIGELLA flowering in July-September
2 ANNUAL - VEGETABLE
4 AQUATIC PLANTS
11 BIENNIALS and
MALVA SYLVESTRIS flowering in June-September
21 BULBS, CORMS, OR RHIZOMES, then
CROCUS flowering in September-April,
DAFFODIL flowering in December-May,
DAHLIA flowering in June-November
DUTCH HYACINTH flowering in March-April
4 CLIMBERS and
HEDERA HELIX flowering in September-November as last major source of nectar and pollen in the year and
ROSES flowering in June-October
31 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, then
CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA flowering in March-May,
CYDONIA OBLONGA flowering in April-June
HELIANTHEMUM flowering in June-August - Pollen only collected when the flowers open during sunny weather
HIBISCUS in August-September,
PHILADELPHUS species only with single flowers flowering in June and
ROSES flowering in June-October
26 DECIDUOUS TREES, then
ACER flowering in March-April and
PRUNUS CERASIFERA flowering in February-March
9 EVERGREEN PERENNIALS, then
HEUCHERA flowering in May-September
22 EVERGREEN SHRUBS and
HEATHERS flowering in every month
PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS flowering in April-June and
PYRACANTHA COCCINEA flowering in May-June
2 EVERGREEN TREES, then
ILEX flowering in May-June
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA flowering in August-September
2 GRASSES which cause hayfever
4 SEMI-EVERGREEN SHRUBS
66 HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS, then
CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA flowering in March-May
HELLEBORUS flowering in January-March and
HELENIUM flowering in June-October
POLEMONIUM flowering in April-June
SALVIA SUPERBA flowering in June-September - no bee garden should be without this plant
9 PERENNIAL HERBS, then
MENTHA flowering in July-August
SOFT FRUIT, then
RUBUS IDAEUS (Raspberry) flowering in May-June

Bee-Pollinated Plant Set 2 of 3 groups.

The plants in Table 10 (on the right), then - This group has been completed in the Index Gallery only

there are Bee Pollinated Plants for Hay Fever Sufferers in these pages within this Index Gallery transferred from Plants Topic and are inserted in Brown. This group is being inserted into the Index Gallery
0-24 inches (0-60 cms)
24-72 inches (60-180 cms)
Above 72 inches (180 cms)
Photos - Bloom per Month
Blooms Nov-Feb
Blooms Mar-May
Blooms Jun-Aug 1, 2
Blooms Sep-Oct

and the following are inserted in Blue:- This group has been completed in the Index Gallery only
ACER (Deciduous/Evergreen Shrub/Tree) in March-April
with Acer pseudo-platanus (Sycamore) in April-May (Green)
and Acer campestre (Maple, Field Maple) Native in Maple Family in May-Jun (Green)
CHAENOMELES SPECIOSA (Herbaceous Perennial) in March-May
in Above 72 inches (180 cms) page
CROCUS (Bulb) in September-April
with Crocus vernus (Crocus purpureus, Spring Crocus, Purple Crocus) -
Crocus vernus 'Flower Record' in Feb-Apr (Purple) from
Bee pollinated flowers in winter Nov-Feb in Plants Folder and
in Colchicum/ Crocus Gallery
CYDONIA OBLONGA (Deciduous Shrub) in May (White to soft Rose)
DAFFODIL (Bulb) in December-May (Yellow, White or Orange) in Narcissus Gallery
and Daffodils in Daffodil Family.
DAHLIA (Bulb) in June-November (Many different colours and colour combinations).
46 out of 57,000 dahlia tubers detailed in Dahlia Gallery.
DUTCH HYACINTH (Bulb) in March-April (Blue, White, Pale Yellow, Pink, Red or Purple flowers)
with Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Festival) in Mar-Apr (Blue)
HEATHERS (Evergreen Shrub) in every month
with Calluna vulgaris (Unusual) from Heather calluna Gallery,
and Erica species like Erica cinerea (Purple) - Native in Heath Family -
with Erica cinerea Index of cultivars with its other flower colours ranging from
white through pink to red and
other Heathers in
...Heather Shrub
...Heather Index
......Andromeda
......Bruckenthalia
......Calluna
......Daboecia
......Erica: Carnea
......Erica: Cinerea
......Erica: Others
HEDERA HELIX (Evergreen Climber) in September-November (Green) as last major source of nectar and pollen in the year
and native in Ivy Family
HELIANTHEMUM (Deciduous Shrub) in May-Sep (Yellow) - Pollen only collected when the flowers open during sunny weather
and Native in Rockrose Family
HELENIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-October in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
HELLEBORUS (Herbaceous Perennial) in January-March in Bee Pollinated Plants between 0 and 24 inches
and native in Buttercup Family in March-May (Yellow)
HEUCHERA (Evergreen Perennial) in May-September in Bee Pollinated Plants between 0 and 24 inches
HIBISCUS (Deciduous Shrub) in August-September
with Hibiscus rosa sinensis in August-Oct (Crimson)
For further details see International Hibiscus Society , American Hibiscus Society and
Australian Hibiscus Society
ILEX (Evergreen Tree) in May-August (White)
and Periodical clipping of holly hedges prevents flowering. Clip in July instead
LAVANDULA (Annual, Herbaceous Perennial or Shrub) in June-July
with Lavendular angustifolia in July-September (Purple)
LAVATERA (Annual, Biennial, or Herbaceous Perennial) in May-August
with Lavatera trimestris and it's cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
LEPTOSIPHON (Annual) in June-August
with Leptosiphon aureus in March-June (Yellow)
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA (Evergreen Tree) in August-September
with Magnolia grandiflora and its cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants above 72 inches
MALVA SYLVESTRIS (Biennial) in June-September (Purple)
MENTHA (Herb) in July-August
with Mentha aquatica (Water Mint, Mentha hirsuta) in June-September (Unusual)
but Fields of mint are harvested before they flower.
NEMOPHILA (Annual) in April-June
with Nemophila menziesii in June-July (Blue) Native to western North America
NIGELLA (Annual) in July-September
with Nigella damascena and it's cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
PHILADELPHUS species only with single flowers (Shrub) in June
with Philadelphus and its cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
POLEMONIUM (Herbaceous Perennial) in April-June
with Polemonium caeruleum in June-July (Blue)
PRUNUS CERASIFERA (Deciduous Tree) in February-March
with Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' in Bee Pollinated Plants above 72 inches
PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS (Evergreen Shrub) in May-June (White)
PYRACANTHA COCCINEA (Evergreen Shrub) in May-June (White)
ROSES (Deciduous Shrub/Climber) in June-October
with Roses in
Rose
...RHS Wisley A-F
...RHS Wisley G-R
...RHS Wisley S-Z
...Rose Use - page links in row 6. Rose, RHS Wisley and Other Roses rose indices on each Rose Use page
...Other Roses A-F
...Other Roses G-R
...Other Roses S-Z
and Rosa canina (Dog Rose, Rosa coriifolia, Rosa stylosa, Rosa obtusifolia) in June-July (Pink),
which is Native in Rose 2 Family
RUBUS IDAEUS (Raspberry) (Soft Fruit) in June-August (White)
SALVIA SUPERBA (Herbaceous Perennial) in June-September - no bee garden should be without this plant -
with Salvia x superba and it's cultivars in Bee Pollinated Plants between 24 and 72 inches
for those plants.

Bee-Pollinated Plant Set 3 of 3 groups. This set has not been started yet (6-Oct-2022)

In addition the extra plants used by bees from the following sections of my website will be inserted in Blue:-

The extra Annuals and Bedding Plants from Coleus Bedding
Foliage Trial - Pages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 31, 32, Index Galleries are added to Bee-pollinated Plant Index pages only and are shown in Blue:-
Coleus Bedding Foliage Trial Folder
from Plant Trials Field in RHS Garden
at Wisley taken on
2 October 2013
1, plus Tables of Annuals with/for:-
19, Decorative Foliage
Coleus Bedding Trial Index
Range, Culture and Description Details of each of the above are within
Essential Annuals The 100 best for Design and Cultivation.
Text by Elizabeth Murray. Photography by Derek Fell.
Published by Crescent Books in 1989. ISBN 0-517-66177-2
Bedding Gallery has
Single Flower provides pollen for bees
Further details on Bedding from the Infill Plants Galleries:-
...Use of Bedding:-
......Aromatic Fol
......Coloured Fol
......for Bees, etc
...Uses of Annuals
...Attract Insects
...Bee Pollinated
...Annual Pairing
...for Annual Foliage Colour

in the 12 flower colours per month Index pages of this Bee-pollinated Index Gallery in the table on the right ---->