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Flower. Plants in front grew higher than this plant, so could not photo flowers of this plant |
Foliage. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams. |
Form. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams. |
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Plant Name |
Aconitum napellus "The etymological root of the binomial name Aconitum is from the ancient Greek name for this plant and is loosely translated as ‘unconquerable poison’." from Paperblog "The specific name, Napellus, signifies a little turnip, in allusion to the shape of the roots." from Botanical.com. |
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Common Name |
" Adam and Eve
" from Royal Horticultural Society. |
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Soil |
Well-drained Chalk or Sand |
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Sun Aspect |
Part Shade |
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Soil Moisture |
Moist. |
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Plant Type |
Herbaceous Perennial |
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Height x Spread in inches (cms) |
40-60 x 4-20 (100-150 x 10-50) |
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Foliage |
Deeply divided, Dark Green |
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Flower Shape, Natural Arrangement, Number of Petals and Flower Colour in Month(s). Seed |
Tall spire of hooded-shape, Violet- Blue flowers in July-August |
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Comment |
Erect Form. Pruning Group 14. "Aconitum napellus is an upright tuberous perennial to 1.5m tall, with deeply divided, dark green leaves and tall spires of violet-blue, hooded flowers in mid and late summer. Best grown in cool, moist, fertile in partial shade, but will tolerate most soils and full sun if soil is improved with well-rotted organic matter and mulched" from Royal Horticultural Society. "This popular garden plant is one of the most poisonous plants in the garden but it has such a distinctive and unpleasant taste that cases of accidental poisoning are extremely rare though not unknown." from The Poison Garden. "The shape of the flower is specially designed to attract and utilize bee visitors, especially the humble bee. The sepals are purple - purple being specially attractive to bees - and are fancifully shaped, one of them being in the form of a hood. The petals are only represented by the two very curious nectaries within the hood, somewhat in the form of a hammer; the stamens are numerous and lie depressed in a bunch at the mouth of the flower. They are pendulous at first, but rise in succession and place their anthers forward in such a way that a bee visiting the flower for nectar is dusted with the pollen, which he then carries to the next flower he visits and thereby fertilizes the undeveloped fruits, which are in a tuft in the centre of the stamens, each carpel containing a single seed. Aconite prefers a soil slightly retentive of moisture, such as a moist loam, and flourishes best in shade. It would probably grow luxuriantly in a moist, open wood, and would yield returns with little further trouble than weeding, digging up and drying. In preparing beds for growing Aconite, the soil should be well dug and pulverized by early winter frosts - the digging in of rotten leaves or stable manure is advantageous. It can be raised from seed, sown 1/2 inch deep in a cold frame in March, or in a warm position outside in April, but great care must be exercised that the right kind is obtained, as there are many varieties of Aconite- about twenty-four have been distinguished - and they have not all the same active medicinal properties. It takes two or three years to flower from seed. Propagation is usually by division of roots in the autumn. The underground portion of the plants are dug up after the stem has died down, and the smaller of the 'daughter' roots that have developed at the side of the old roots are selected for replanting in December or January to form new stock, the young roots being planted about a foot apart each way. The young shoots appear above ground in February. Although the plants are perennial, each distinct root lasts only one year, the plant being continued by 'daughter' roots. All the species contain an active poison Aconitine, one of the most formidable poisons which have yet been discovered: it exists in all parts of the plant, but especially in the root. The smallest portion of either root or leaves, when first put into the mouth, occasions burning and tingling, and a sense of numbness immediately follows its continuance. One-fiftieth grain of Aconitine will kill a sparrow in a few seconds; one-tenth grain a rabbit in five minutes. It is more powerful than prussic acid and acts with tremendous rapidity. One hundredth grain will act locally, so as to produce a well-marked sensation in any part of the body for a whole day. So acrid is the poison, that the juice applied to a wounded finger affects the whole system, not only causing pains in the limbs, but a sense of suffocation and syncope."from Botanical.com. "This species of monkshood is an erect, tuberous-rooted perennial which features dense, terminal racemes (to 8" long) of hooded, deep purplish-blue to violet flowers atop rigid, leafy stems typically growing 2-4' tall. Commonly found in moist pastures and moist mountainous areas of Europe and Asia. Dark green leaves are deeply divided into 5-7 toothed lobes. " from Missouri Botanical Garden. Available from Crocus and Naturescape in the UK with Big Dipper Farm in America and these nurseries in Australia. |
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Companions |
... |
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Winter Form in middle from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 4 March 2013. |
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Spring Form in middle from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. Photo from Chris Garnons-Williams on 13 May 2013. If the plant flowered after that day, I did not manage to photograph it, probably because the plants in front hid it. |
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Winter Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
Spring Foliage from Mixed Borders at RHS Wisley. |
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MIXED BORDER RHS WISLEY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS GALLERY PAGES |
FOLIAGE COLOUR |
SEED/FRUIT COLOUR FLOWER BED PICTURES |
Starting with the data in Garden Style followed by Infill Plants, then you can refine your plant list from the remaining galleries in this cell:- |
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PERENNIAL |
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HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL Gallery with 7 Flower Colours (Red, Pink and Purple on same page) per Month in Colour Wheel. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL INDEX -
The variety of plants that can be used in alpine gardening is obviously very large and very bewildering at first approach. With a view to easing the task of selection here are lists The standard potting and seed-soil recipes from The Propagation of Alpines by Lawrence D. Hills are at the bottom of the page on Alpine - Sink and Trough Gardens. |
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To compare |
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with 7 Flower Colours - Blue, White, Yellow, Green for Unusual, Red, Orange and Pink per Month in Colour Wheel below. Click on Black or White box in Colour of Month. |
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The Herbaceous Perennials in this gallery are not compared with other Herbaceous Perennials in the HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL GALLERY, but they are compared with each other in the Mixed Border Garden Design Gallery using the above 7 Flower Colours per month Wheel. FLOWER COLOUR RANGE IN 71 PARTS OF RHS WISLEY MIXED BORDER DURING After reviewing the situation in the |
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Blue = |
Green = |
Red = |
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Brown = |
Blue = |
Green = |
Red = |
Black = |
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Wet Soil |
Moist Soil |
Dry Soil |
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Flowering Months range abbreviates month Click on centre of thumbnail to move from this page to the The Comments Row of that Plant Description |
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Herbaceous Perennial |
Flowering Months |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - 1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms, 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard = 90 cms, 40 inches = 100 cms |
Flower Thumb-nail |
Herbaceous Perennial Flower Thumbnail |
Flowering Months |
Height x Width in inches (cms) - 1 inch = 2.5 cms, 12 inches = 1 foot = 30 cms, 36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard = 90 cms, 40 inches = 100 cms |
Flower Thumb-nail |
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Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
Alpine Herbaceous Perennial if Text Background is Blue |
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Evergreen or Semi-Evergreen Perennial |
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A |
A |
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May, June, |
48-60 x 24 |
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96 x 40 |
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June, July, August, |
36 x 24 |
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48 x 24 |
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June, July, |
48 x 18 |
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40-60 x 20-40 (100-150 x 50-100) |
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June, July, |
36 x 18 |
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June, July, |
60 x 40 |
Creamy-White. |
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June, July, |
48 x 24 |
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32-39 x 24 (80-100 x 60) |
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May, June, |
36 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
64 x 16 |
Violet-Blue. |
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June, July, |
20 x 15 |
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August, September |
96 x 40 |
Dark Blue. |
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June, July, August, |
28 x 18 |
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July, August |
40-60 x 4-20 (100-150 x 10-50) |
Violet-Blue. |
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June, July, August, |
36 x 16 |
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24-48 x 18-24 |
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June, July, August, |
36-42 x 12 |
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48 x 36 |
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June, July, |
16-48 x 12 |
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70 x 40 |
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July, August, |
42 x 36 |
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August, September, October |
80 x 24 |
Creamy-White. |
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July, August |
40 x 80 |
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60 x 24 |
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December, January, |
18 x 30 |
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40 x 20 |
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July, August, |
30 x 18 |
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60 x 24 |
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June, July |
20 x 18 |
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18 x 12 |
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July, August, |
24 x 24 |
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July, August |
36 x 20 |
White. |
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July, August, |
30 x 24 |
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32 x 24 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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36 x 16 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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40 x 16 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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July, August, September, October |
48 x 24 |
White. |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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24 x 16 |
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June, July |
72-96 x 24 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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June, July |
72 x 24 |
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28 x 24 |
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June, July, |
4 x 20 |
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July, August, September |
72 x 60 |
Pinkish-Lavender |
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June, July, |
16 x 12 |
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60-100 x 40-60 |
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July |
24 x 230 |
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20-40 x 20-40 |
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June, July, |
36 x 24 |
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August, September, October |
24-40 x 24-40 |
Pale Pink. |
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August, September, |
36 x 24 |
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40-60 x 20-40 |
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Pink - July, August or |
24 x 16 |
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60 x 24 |
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July, August |
36 x 18 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 24 |
Cream. |
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July, August |
25 x 16 |
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August, September |
24 x 24 |
Yellowish-Brown. |
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May, June |
16 x 18 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 18-24 |
Pink. |
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May, June |
30 x 12 |
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September, October |
12-36 x 12-36 |
White. |
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June, July, August, September, October |
36 x 12 |
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July, August, September, October |
4-20 x 4-20 |
Red and White. |
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July, August, |
28 x 16 |
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September, October |
52 x 24 |
Mauve-Pink. |
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August, September, |
12 x 12 |
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September, October |
60 x 16-24 |
Lilac-Blue. |
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July |
30 x 18 |
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August, September |
12-18 x 8-12 |
Purple-Pink. |
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August, September |
8-12 x 10 |
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45 x 78 |
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June |
20-24 x 12 |
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September, October |
48 x 36 |
Purple-Red. |
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July |
24 x 18 |
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August, September, October, November |
48-60 x 24 |
Pale Violet. |
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July, August |
39 x 24 |
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24 x 16 |
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August, September |
48 x 24 |
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B |
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June, July |
18-24 x 18 (45-60 x 45) |
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40-60 x 20-40 |
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July, August |
24 x 18 |
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C |
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July, August |
8-18 x 12 |
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60 x 24 |
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June, July |
24 x 18 |
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48 x 20 |
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B |
24-36 x 18-30 |
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April, May |
12-18 x 24 |
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24 x 12 |
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April, May |
12-18 x 18 (30-45 x 45) |
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June, July |
60-100 x 40-60 |
White. |
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June, July, August, |
24 x 18 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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C |
24 x 24 |
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April |
9 x 12 |
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August, September, October |
35 x 23 |
Opening Orange fades to Pink. |
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June, July, |
2 x 12 |
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36 x 18 |
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June, July, |
36-48 x 24 |
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June, July, August, September |
60 x 48 |
Purple. |
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June, July, |
24 x 24 |
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D |
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July, August, September, |
36 x 24 |
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May, June, July, August |
80 x 40 |
Creamy-Yellow-Green. |
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D |
E |
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July, August, September |
60 x 18 |
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18-24 x 14 |
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Links to the other 22 Diascia Pages are in Alpine / Herbaceous Perennial Index D Page |
June, July, August, |
6 x 20 |
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40 x 18 |
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May, June |
18 x 30 |
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28 x 16 |
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May, June |
24-36 x 20 |
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39 x 39 |
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E |
July, August |
18-48 x 24 |
Bright Blue. |
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July, August, September |
30-48 x 18 (75-120 x 45) |
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40-60 x 20-40 |
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F |
12-60 x 24 |
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June |
6 x 6 |
White |
88 x 40 |
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G |
Eupatorium maculatum (Atropur-pureum Group) 'Riesen-schirm' |
July, August, September |
80 x 80 |
Pink-Purple. |
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August, September |
24 x 18 |
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August, September, October |
60-100 x 20-40 |
Purplish-Pink. |
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June, July |
32 x 18 |
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24 x 20 |
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June, July |
12 x 12 |
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F |
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July, August, |
4 x 12 |
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60-100 x 20-40 |
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July, August |
60 x 72 |
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July, August |
72 x 18 |
Sulphur-Yellow. |
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H |
60 x 20 |
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September, October, |
60 x 18 |
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G |
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August |
48 x 30 |
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48 x 36 |
White. |
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August |
20 x 36 |
Deep Violet |
48 x 32 |
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July |
36 x 48 |
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36 x 36 |
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K |
Geranium 'Rozanne' |
24 x 16 |
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September, October |
24 x 18 |
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24 x 18 |
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July, August |
36 x 24 |
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24 x 20 |
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September, October |
30 x 18 |
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H |
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L |
July, August, September |
72 x 24 |
Yellow. |
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May, June, |
24 x 12 |
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June, July, August |
36 x 24 |
Brick Orange Red. |
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April, May, |
12 x 18 |
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38-51 x 16 |
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August, September, |
48 x 36 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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June, July, |
3 x 6 |
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72 x 24 |
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June, July |
12 x 12 |
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20-40 x 4-20 |
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June, July, August, |
36 x 12 |
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September, October |
96-120 x 12-36 |
Yellow rays and dark Brown disc. If it flowered in Sep-Oct, I missed taking their photos |
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April, May, |
48 x 24 |
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80 x 48 |
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May, June |
12 x 18 |
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80 x 18 |
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July, August |
36 x 24 |
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23 x 30 |
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M |
20 x 40 |
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May, June, |
12 x 36 |
Yellow with |
30 x 24 |
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May, June, |
12 x 24 |
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32 x 40 |
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P |
18 x 12 |
Cream. |
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June, July |
36 x 36 |
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26 x 20 |
Pale Pink. |
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May, June |
36 x 36 |
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I |
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June, July |
30 x 30 |
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72 x 36 |
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May, June |
16 x 16 |
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72 x 60 |
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Paeonia |
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23 x 18 |
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May, June |
6 x 4 |
Pinkish-blue |
J, K |
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May, June |
... |
Yellow, Purple, Red, Pink |
32 x 24 |
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May, June |
6 x 5 |
Pink |
40 x 20 |
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May, June |
6 x 3.5 |
Purple |
August, September |
120 x 48 |
Orange-red fades to yellow. |
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May, June |
6 x 3 |
Red |
June, July, August, September |
48 x 32 |
Lemon-Yellow. |
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May, June |
6 x 5 |
White |
July, August, September |
40 x 30 |
Light Scarlet fades to Yellow. |
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May, June |
6 x 3 |
Yellow |
June, July, August |
36 x 24 |
Orange top with Ivory-White bottom. |
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L |
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June, July, |
12 x 6 |
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August, September, October, November |
60 x 40 |
White. |
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May, June, |
36 x 24 |
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36 x 36 |
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May |
4-8 x 8 |
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48 x 48 |
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S |
30 x 18 |
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September |
18 x 18 |
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Lychnis coronaria 'Gardener's World' |
24 x 10-12 |
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D |
40 x 24 |
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May |
24-48 x 48 |
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60 x 20 |
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36 x 18 |
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M |
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100 x 60 |
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June, July |
88 x 40 |
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June, July |
80 x 48 |
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June, July, August |
55 x 55 |
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June, July, August, September |
24 x 18 |
White. |
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July, August, September |
60 x 20 |
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June, July, August |
36 x 15 |
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N |
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June, July, August, September |
36 x 24 |
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June, July, August |
48 x 36 |
Lilac-Pink. |
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June, July, August, September |
24 x 20 |
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O |
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June, July, August, September |
18 x 24 |
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July, August, September, October |
18 x 18 |
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P |
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July, August, September |
70 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
70 x 24 |
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June, July, August, September |
40 x 30 |
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July, August, September, October |
48 x 48 |
Bright Red. |
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July, August, September, October, November |
18 x 18 |
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June, July, August, September |
50 x 60 |
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Persicaria amplex-icaulis taurus |
July, August, September, October |
40 x 28 |
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July, August, September |
20 x 40 |
White. |
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June, July, August |
80 x 40 |
Pale Yellow. |
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May, June, July, August, September |
36 x 30 |
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July, August |
40 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
30 x 20 |
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July, August, September |
30 x 30 |
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July, August, September |
36 x 24 |
Lilac. |
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July, August, September |
18 x 14 |
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July, August, September |
24 x 16 |
White. |
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July, August, September |
40 x 20 |
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Dear Mr C H Garnons-Williams, Tony Dickerson Horticultural Advisor Above email sent by the RHS on 13 September 2013 - plant label in Mixed Border bed still not changed by 23 November 2013. |
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July, August, September |
30 x 16 |
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July, August, September |
30 x 30 |
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July, August, September |
40 x 32 |
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July, August, September, October |
36 x 24 |
Red. |
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July, August, September |
24 x 24 |
Blue-Purple. |
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July, August, September |
36 x 12 |
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June, July, August, September |
24 x 18 |
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June, July, August |
16 x 12 |
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June, July, August |
16 x 12 |
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Q, R |
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August, September, October |
24 x 18 |
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June, July, August, September |
80 x 36 |
Yellow. |
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S |
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June, July, August |
30 x 24 |
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May, June, July, August, September |
18 x 18 |
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July, August, September, October |
24 x 20 |
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September, October |
20 x 16 |
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August, September |
40 x 20 |
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August, September, October |
12 x 12 |
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August, September, October, November |
18 x 18 |
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August, September |
18 x 18 |
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September, October, November |
24 x 18 |
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June, July, August |
32 x 24 |
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August, September, October |
60 x 32 |
Yellow. |
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June, July, August, September |
18 x 24 |
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June, July, August, September |
20 x 28 |
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August, September, October |
48 x 24 |
Violet-Blue. |
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June, July, August, September |
32 x 18 |
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T |
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June, July, August |
94 x 23 |
Lavender. |
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June, July, August |
59 x 23 |
Purple-Pink. |
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June, July |
48 x 48 |
Sulphur-Yellow. |
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June, July, August |
72 x 36 |
Purple-Pink or Lavender. |
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U, V |
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August, September, October |
60 x 18 |
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June, July, August, September, October |
24 x 16 |
Purple or Magenta. |
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June, July, August, September |
36 x 24 |
Pale Purple/ Lavend-erish Lilac. |
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June, July, August, September |
60 x 24 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 36 |
Pink Lavender/ Lilac. |
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July, August |
40 x 20 |
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July, August, September |
60 x 18 |
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June, July |
42 x 20 |
Lilac/ Pale Blue. |
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July, August, September |
60 x 26 |
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W, XYZ |
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May, June, July |
18 x 14 |
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Site design and content of this table copyright ©July 2009. Page structure amended December 2012. Colour Wheel clarified January 2013. Feet changed to inches (cms) July 2015. Herbaceous Perennial Menu Table changed and Index Pages added June 2017. Chris Garnons-Williams. Site design and content for Mixed Border Herbaceous Gallery copyright ©March 2013. Chris Garnons-Williams. DISCLAIMER: Links to external sites are provided as a courtesy to visitors. Ivydene Horticultural Services are not responsible for the content and/or quality of external web sites linked from this site. |
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Ivydene Gardens Herbaceous Perennial Flower Shape Gallery: |
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HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL FLOWER SHAPE AND OTHER DETAILS- |
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Number of Flower Petals |
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Flower Shape - Simple |
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Flower Shape - Elabor-ated |
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Natural Arrange-ments |
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Herbaceous Perennial Name Index The respective flower colour and thumbnail, months of flowering, form, height and width, foliage colour and thumbnail, use and comments are in the relevant index page Evergreen Perennial Name Index |
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UK Peony Index :- |
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Perennials & Ephemerals chapter of Plants for Dry Gardens by Jane Taylor. Published by Frances Lincoln Limited in 1993. ISBN 0-7112-0772-0 for plants that are drought tolerant. |
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Rock |
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Perennials for Ground Covering in Shade and 3 |
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Colour All The Year in My Garden by C.H. Middleton. Published by Ward, Lock & Co. for culture. Perennials The Gardener's Reference by Susan Carter, Carrie Becker and Bob Lilly. Published by Timber Press in 2007 for plants for Special Gardens. It also gives details of species and cultivars for each genus. |
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Herbaceous Perennial Form |
Prostrate or Trailing |
Cushion or Mound-forming |
Spreading or Creeping |
Stemless. Sword-shaped Leaves |
Erect or Upright |
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Herbaceous Perennial Use |
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Back of Border, Alley, and Too Tall for Words Special Garden |
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Herbaceous Perennial in Soil |
Clay + |
Peat + |
Any + |
+ Herbac-eous Perennials in Pages in Plants |
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Peony Use |
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Copied from Ivydene Gardens Mixed Borders in RHS Garden at Wisley Garden Design: |
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This section details what I consider as errors in design carried out by the staff at the RHS garden in Wisley:-
Mixing all the primary colours together for the flower colours used in many of the 71 parts of these Mixed Borders This mixture provides a foliage and flower foil against which these other permanent herbaceous perennials can provide new growth from the ground each year, with the different colours of foliage from juvenile to mature to dying off in the autumn and then an easy maintenance during the months of December-March for removing most of the growth above ground and replacing the plant supports to provide a neat bed in a series of large ground areas. The bedding plants - see Bedding Annual Plant Index and Un-labelled Bedding Annual Plant Index pages - provide the icing on the cake at different flowering time periods between May and November to enhance the overall flower colour scheme. The new bedding each year can provide opportunities to vary the look of these beds. It was disapointing that I did not see the flowers during 2013 of more than 25% of these Permanent Herbaceous Perennial Plants - possible reasons shown in Lost Flowers Page with 'Walkabout' Plants and 'Stateless' Plants Page. A table for each month - May, June, July, August, September, October, November - shows the flower photos for each of the 71 parts of the Mixed Borders split into Blue, Orange, Pink, Red, Unusual Colour, White, or Yellow for all the plants. Besides that, you can see from the table below that Red and Pink with Unusual Flower Colours seem to be predominant as flower colours and that these are spread throughout the beds.
I have added the BEDding (started January 2014 - completed March 2014) and then the OTHer Permanent Plants (started March 2014 - completed May 2014) to the table below to show the flower colour planting scheme of the Bedding and the Other Permanent Plants and then its combination.
If I had produced this planting design with its mixture of flower colours in almost every part - or maintained these beds in this way - in 2013, I would be deeply ashamed. As a nation of gardeners in Britain; the Royal Horticultural Society being at its pinnacle, with the tradition of excellence by our previous head gardeners and their staff during the Victorian era, I had thought that the staff at the RHS Garden at Wisley would not need a lecture.
Another Possible Solution for lack of coordinated Flower Colour Scheme If you want the garden to be restful to the eye, then you can provide a colour scheme using the harmony of adjacent colours. If you prefer to shock the visitor, then use the contrast of opposite colours, but I am not favourable of the above partial use of the harmony of triads as shown by the Colour Wheel Page of Garden Design.
Very Poor Plant Labelling After reviewing the situation that 102 plants were missing their identity when in flower in 2013 out of 348 (29.31% of the plants) in 768 square metres of Mixed Borders garden beds:-
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