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Ivydene Gardens Brown Wildflowers Note Gallery: |
What is PL@NTNET? |
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BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY FLOWER COLOUR Comparison Page, |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- Flowering plants of Chalk and Limestone Page 1 Flowering plants of Acid Soil |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Habitat Lists:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Number of Petals List:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- |
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BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY |
B & T World Seeds Paguignan, 34210 Aigues Vives, France can supply seeds world-wide from over 35,000 different plants. John Chambers Wildflower Seed supplies native British produced wildflower seed from its John Chambers Wildflowers Brochure and its Green-tech Specifier Wildflowers Seeds with delivery to England, Scotland and Wales. American Meadows Quick Guide to Wildflowers contains complete planting instructions, how much seed you need, and wildflower searches by color, height, moisture and light requirements with delivery of live plants, bulbs and seeds to USA only, but only its seeds to Canada. |
"SEASONS AND MONTHS SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER " from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4). |
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WILD FLOWER GALLERY
SEED COLOUR BED PICTURES HABITAT TABLES
See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website. |
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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See Wildflower Common Name Index link Table ON A PAGE for more wildflower of the UK common names - from Adder's Tongue to the Goosefoot Family - together with their names in languages from America, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. |
Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914 contains information about UK Native Wildflowers with 1 per chapter. I have summarised some of these chapters and put those into this website, but most will simply have a reference to which book it is in for you to read it yourself. |
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Common Name Flower Photo |
Botanical Name Flowering Months Flowers Photo
Sections from edition 2 of the Plant Crib, with some updated sections from the planned edition 3, are kindly made available by Plant Crib co-editor Dr Tim Rich of Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland:- |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) WildFlower Family Page Foliage Photo |
Flower Colour Habitat Native in:- Form Photo |
Form from
Form for Wildflowers:- Mat-forming These Forms are used for Bulbs with Herbaceous and Evergreen Perennials.
Shape for Evergreen Shrubs:- These Forms and Shapes are also used for Deciduous and Evergreen Shrubs and Trees. |
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Beaked Hawk'sbeard
Flower from Stratford in London. Photo from BritishFlora |
Crepis vesicaria
Flowers from Stratford in London. Photo from BritishFlora |
Daisy Hawksbeards Family
Foliage Above remaining 2 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
A usually biennial herb, sometimes annual or perennial, of lightly mown or grazed grassland on roadsides, lawns, railway banks and in waste places. Lowland. Native in Western Europe, Mediterranean Europe, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary and Romania, except Albania
Form |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Daisy: Hawksbeards Family are "yellow dandelion-like Composites, differing from other similar flowers in having leafy branched stems: one conspicuous row of erect sepal-like bracts, with another much smaller, often half-spreading, ruff-like row at the base of the flower-head; and a white pappus with unbranched hairs. Leaves, except in Northern Hawksbeard, are irregularly lobed or toothed like a Dandelion, with a large terminal lobe; mostly basal, but the stem ones half-clasping it. Flower-heads in loose branched terminal sprays. Hawksbeards differ from Catsears (Common Catsear, Smooth Catsear and Spotted Catsear) and Hawkbits (Autumn Hawbit, Greater Hawkbit and Lesser Hawkbit) in their leafy stems and non-feathery pappus; from Catsears also in having no scales between the florets; from Ox-tongues ((Bristly Ox-Tongue and Hawkweed Ox-Tongue) in their unbranched pappus and no coarse brstles on the leaves; from the Hawkweeds (see daisy hawkweeds family page) in their white pappus ( except Marsh Hawksbeard), and fruits beaked or narrowed above; and from Dandelions in their solid leafy stems with no milky juice. " from Collins Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers by David McClintock and R.S.R. Fitter assisted by Francis Rose - ISBN 0 00 219363 9 - Eleventh Impression 1978 |
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Goldilocks
Flower |
Linosyris vulgaris September-October
Flowers Above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Daisy Cudweeds Family
Foliage |
A perennial herb of shallow soil in open, grassy habitats on limestone sea-cliffs and rocky slopes, cliff-top grassland and wind-pruned heath overlying limestone. It is a poor competitor, and is usually intolerant of heavy grazing, although in Pembrokeshire it is found in low-growing, sheep-grazed, cliff-top grassland and heath. It seems to be self-incompatible and some small populations appear to represent single, self-sterile clones. Form Native in Central Europe, South-East Europe, except Greece. Native in France, Belgium, Great Britain, Sweden, Italy and Soviet Union. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Rock Samphire Flower |
Flowers Above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century. |
12 x 24 Umbellifer 2 Family
Foliage
Soil - On rocky coasts and cliffs or more rarely shingle or sand by the sea in the South and West England and Wales, and Ireland. Plant Type - Squat bushy grey hairless perennial with solid stems up to a foot (30cm) high. Foliage - Grey thick fleshy leaves cut into narrow untoothed leaflets. Flower Colour in Month(s). Seed - Yellowish-white in July-September followed by corky, olive-green to purplish fruit. Comment - Leaves make a good pickle. |
A fleshy perennial herb of spray-drenched rock crevices and ledges on sea-cliffs, coastal rocks and on stabilised shingle; also in maritime grassland and artificial habitats like harbour walls and stone sea defences. It appears indifferent to soil reaction, being found on many rock types from chalk and limestone to granite. Lowland. Native in Western Europe(except in Ireland and Belgium), Mediterranean Europe, Bulgaria and Soviet Union. Form
Other photos including buds and leaves in Rock Samphire page. |
Flowers from Isle of Wight. Photo from BritishFlora See other photos of ONLINE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
THE UMBELLIFERAE Form from Isle of Wight. Photo from BritishFlora |
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Autumn Crocus
Flower
Crocus is a Chaldean name meaning "saffron". In the wild, the plants are found over much of Europe, especially around the Mediterranean, in North Africa, and in Western Asia. |
Crocus nudiflorus
Form Above 2 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
6-10 x 15 Iris Family
Iris Family:- |
A cormous perennial herb found naturalised in meadows, pastures, amenity grasslands and on roadsides. It spreads vegetatively by means of rhizomes. Lowland. Native in Great Britain, Spain and France. |
Flower Crocus nudiflorus - El Tarter (Andorra). Photo taken: 24/09/2006 For herbaceous beds and shrubberies, the stronger-growing kinds can be planted in large clumps and drifts. Soil should be removed to the depth of 6 inches (15 cms) and the corms laid on the bottom of the hole at the space of an inch (2.5 cms) from each other. It is customary to plant Crocuses as edgings to borders in rather formal lines or circles, but a charming effect is produced by planting some hundreds of one kind under deciduous shrubs, or at the back of borders between clumps of strong-growing herbaceous plants that do not cover the ground with their leaves earlier than the middle of May, and thus allowing time for the Crocus leaves to mature in an open space. The Dutch Yellow, in my opinion, never looks better than when planted in a generously planned drift, towards the back of a large border, or round the stem of a leafless Rhodendron molle, Deutzia, etc. All the florist's forms of Crocus vernus are suitable for this work, and Crocus tomasinianus once planted should be allowed to spread naturally by seed as far as it will under groups of roses or other summer-leafing shrubs. Crocus speciosus is the best of all the autumn-flowering Crocuses for wide plantings, and does not object to an occasional digging over of the bed and the consequent deep burial of the corms. Only the stronger growers should be tried in grass and none succeeds better than the forms of Crocus vernus and the Dutch Yellow. I have always advised that they should be kept separate, or at any rate the yellow planted only among white varieties; but a charming planting of irregular colonies, each of one kind, under some trees in a friend's garden taught me that if the yellow are planted in separate groups; instead of being scattered among the purples; they can be very effective. The quality of grass differs so greatly that my rather poor success with the many species I have tried in a rough meadow need not discourage others with a finer brand of turf. I used to give bundles of rogues and mixed seedlings to Mr. Wilks to plant in his wild garden at Shirley, and in his grass they flourished and spread most delightfully. The soil there is a fine sand, and he used to say of it that it was so light that if he threw it up in the air it would never come down again, and naturally the grass on it is scanty and fine. Where the turf is not coarse, and the ground well drained and open to sunshine, I advise planting Crocus tomasinianus, Crocus aureus, Crocus chrysanthus, Crocus sieberi, Crocus versicolor as well as Crocus vernus for spring, and Crocus kotschyanus, Crocus speciosus, Crocus nudiflorus and Crocus longiflorus for autumn." |
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Purple Crocus
Flower |
Crocus purpureus
Flowers Above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Iris Family
Foliage
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A cormous perennial herb, well-naturalised in a wide variety of grassy habitats, especially in churchyards and amenity grasslands, and on roadside verges. Lowland.
Form
Native in Central Europe (except in Poland), Spain, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Romania and Soviet Union. |
"The vast array of garden hybrid crocuses start flowering in late winter and bring some welcome colour (See Colchicum/ Crocus gallery). Easily naturalized in grass or in flower beds they will take care of themselves and give a reliable show year after year. Crocus and Colchicum (Hardcover) by Edward A. Bowles written in 1924 is as complete about these bulbs as could be desired; and available from Amazon. This was revised in 1952 and a special edition created for the Garden Book Club in 1955 by its author, with the following excerpt:- Ancient Cultic Associations of Saffron Crocus written by Paghat. Colchicum 'Harlekijn' Overview of Late Winter's "Snow Crocuses" written by Paghat |
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Crosswort
Flower |
Galium cruciata
Flowers Above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Bedstraw Family
Foliage |
A perennial herb of deep, well-drained neutral or calcareous soils, typically occurring in ungrazed grassland, open scrub, hedge banks, woodland rides and edges, and on waysides. 0-550 m (Garrigill, Cumberland). Use as dye on clothing. Native in all Europe, except in Northern Europe and Ireland. |
The Crosswort is a plant of the hedgeside and thicket, with square, hairy stems, which appear year after year, grow to 12 or 24 inches (30 or 60 cms) in height, and die down in the autumn. They are divided into tiers, marked off at regular intervals by crosses formed of 4 green oval leaves which are stalkless. It is to these crosses that the plant owes its second name of cruciata. The leaves like the stem, are covered with long, spreading hairs. Cruciata laevipes is native in all Europe, except in Northern Europe and Ireland.
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Common Dodder
Flower |
Flowers The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Bindweed Family
Foliage |
Heath and Mountains (locally frequent, especially on heaths and downs, mainly in England and Wales)
Form
Native in most of Europe, except in Ireland and Iceland. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Greater Dodder |
Bindweed Family |
Rivers (very local and decreasing, in shadier places by rivers, especially the Thames, Wey and Bristol Avon, not in Ireland).
Native in most of Europe, except in Portugal, Ireland and Iceland. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Sowbread |
Cyclamen hederifolium |
Primrose Family |
An aestivating long-lived perennial commonly cultivated in parks and gardens and reproducing by seed in dry, shaded positions, often under the canopy and against the roots of large trees. The self-fertile flowers arise laterally from initially leafless tubers at the soil surface, and seeds can be carried hundreds of metres, principally by ants. Native in France, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece and Turkey. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Bermuda Grass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Grass Soft |
A mat-forming perennial herb, found on eroding fore-dunes in dry sandy places and short grassland by the sea, including lawns and sea-front promenades, and inland on lawns and roadside verges. It is also found around docks, on rubbish tips and as a casual from wool shoddy and other sources. Lowland. Weed in USA. Native in much of Europe, except in Northern Europe, Ireland and Poland. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Green Hound's Tongue
Flower |
Cynoglossum germanicum, (Cynoglossum sylvaticum)
Flowers |
Borage Family
Foliage
The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
A biennial or short-lived perennial herb of glades in or margins of deciduous woodland, usually Fagus or Quercus; sometimes also occurring in hedge banks. It is found mainly on calcareous, freely-draining, loamy soils.
Form Native and widespread in Europe, except in the north |
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Hound's Tongue
Flower |
Flowers |
Borage Family
The 3 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
A biennial herb of disturbed ground, growing mostly on dry, often base-rich soils. Habitats include coastal dunes, shingle, open grassland, woodland margins and clearings, field edges, cleared land and gravelly waste. It is unpalatable to grazing animals and is often frequent on disturbed ground by rabbit warrens.
Form Native in all Europe (except in Portugal and Turkey): introduced in Iceland. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Crested Dogstail Used within lifecycle of Butterfly Small Heath, Flower |
June-August
Flowers |
Grass 1 Family
The 2 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
A short-lived perennial herb growing in a wide variety of grasslands, particularly short and heavily grazed swards. It grows in a range of neutral to base-rich, fairly well-drained or damp soils, avoiding only the extremes of base-status, waterlogging, drought and disturbance. Native throughout Europe. |
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Brown Cyperus |
Cyperus fuscus |
Sedge Rush-like Family |
An annual of moist, open disturbed ground around the margins of ponds and by ditches, often on ground subject to winter-flooding. The substrate may be peaty, muddy or stony but humus-rich. Seed may not be set in cool summers. It is very rare by a few muddy ponds in Southern England, much increasing there in dry seasons. Native in most of Europe, except in Ireland, Iceland, Norway and Finland. |
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Sedge: Rush-Like Family are "unbranched grass-like or rush-like perennials, very rarely annuals, wiith unstalked leaves usually linear but sometimes reduced to sheaths. Flowers minute, generally grouped in spikelets, with the petals and sepals reduced to bristles, and often with a scale-like bract (glume) at their base. Several spikelets may form a flower-head. The anthers often hang out as tufts of bright yellow. Fruit a nutlet. Members of the Sedge Family differ from Rushes and Woodrushes in having no petals or sepals in their flowers, which are often separetly male and female. From Grasses they can be told by the stems being often 3-sided and never hollow; the leaves not being jointed at their junction on the stem (where there are therefore no knots) with their sheaths, which are usually closed. " from Collins Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers by David McClintock and R.S.R. Fitter assisted by Francis Rose - ISBN 0 00 219363 9 - Eleventh Impression 1978 |
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Galingale |
Cyperus longus |
Sedge Rush-like Family |
A rhizomatous perennial herb of marshes and wet pastures near the coast, and sometimes in base-rich flushes on sea-cliffs. It also occurs on pond margins and in ditches inland, where it is usually planted. Reproduction is through vigorous rhizomatous spread, and it may not set seed in Britain. Native in most of Europe, except in Northern Europe, Ireland, Belgium, Holland, Poland and Czechoslovakia. |
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Lady's Slipper Orchid |
Cypripedium calceolus May-June, not flowering every year |
Orchid 3 Family
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
A rhizomatous perennial herb found on well-drained calcareous soils derived from limestone, in herb-rich grassland or, formerly, in open woodland. Plants are long-lived but seed-set may be poor. Generally lowland, but upper altitudinal limit unknown. Native in much of Europe, except in Portugal, Ireland, Belgium, Holland, Iceland, Denmark, Turkey and Bulgaria. See other photos of
These photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century. |
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Broom Used within lifecycles of Butterfly Green Hairstreak, Flower |
Sarothamnus scoparius May-June Flowers Foliage The 4 small photos above were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
96 x 96 Peaflower Family
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Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of Form |
C. scoparius subsp. scoparius is an erect shrub of sandy acidic soils, on heaths, open woodland, railway banks, stony riversides and, particularly, on roadside banks and verges where it may often be planted. The prostrate subsp. maritimus grows on western sea-cliffs. Native in much of Europe, except in Iceland, Finland, Albania, Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria.
Broom (Cytisus scoparius) and Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) are both very versatile and can be used in flower arranging both in their young stages and after drying or preservation. See Chapter 5 Dried and Preserved Materials |
Blossoms of pure gold form patches of brilliance on rocky hillsides and sandy heath. "Plant container-grown specimens in autumn or early spring in any any well-drained soil in full sun, within a shrub border. Brooms tend to be short-lived and old bushes do not respond to pruning, so should be discarded after 6 or 7 years. The yellow flowers last for up to 2 months and are an excellent pollen for bees." from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4). |
UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in and The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland New Revised Edition by Jeremy Thomas & Richard Lewington. |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - ELarge White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
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40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
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(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak uses Blackthorn, Privet, Guelder Rose, and Wayfaring tree I have detailed the use of plants by these eggs, caterpillars, chrysalis and butterfly in full with either photos of those butterflies, etc or illustrations from Sandars. It shows that they do use plants all year round and I will insert the information of their Life Histories into the remainder of the Butterfly Description Pages but I will put no further information in this table or the Butterfly Name with its use of plants table. Please see what a council did to destroy the native habitat, so that children could ride bicyles anywhere in the park in the row below. Details of what plant is used by each of the different 'egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly' unit and for how long is given in the table on the left. At least 2 of these butterflies live in America as well as in the UK in 2022:- |
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The following is an excerpt from my Comments about the proposed destruction of the wildlife habitats at Cobtree Manor Park in the summer of 2010 from my Mission Statement page:- "We would be sorry to lose the butterflies on the bluebells, bramble and ivy that would be restricted to only the very small area of proposed Wildlife Meadow by the Woods at the bottom of a hill with water springs on it. The wildlife is now being excluded from all the other areas by the "pruning", so that the nettles, brambles etc which had for instance the butterfly life cycle included; are now being ruthlessly removed to create a garden, not a park, with neat little areas." When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the table on the left. With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, you destroy the wildlife in this park as is done in every managed park in the world. Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school. |
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The following information (5 December 2021) comes from Wikipedia about Southern Water Services Ltd, which had a revenue of £0.829 billion in 2017-18. Area served by Southern Water is Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Sussex and Kent. "Legal issues[edit] 2009-2011[edit] 2014-2016[edit] 2019[edit] Following the investigation, Southern Water agreed to pay customers approximately £123 million by 2024, partly a payment of price review underperformance penalties the company avoided paying in the period 2010 to 2017 and some of which is a payment to customers for the failures found in Ofwat's investigation. In response to Ofwat's findings, Southern Water announced that following its own internal review, which highlighted multiple failures between 2010 and 2017, it was 'profoundly sorry' and 'working very hard to understand past failings and implement the changes required' to ensure it meets the standards its customers deserve.[19] 2021[edit] How can a government allow a business to carry on when it is damaging the health of its population? and when it does not bother to correct the problem but its directors keep on committing the offences? Is that because the fines do not matter to the company who continue to commit offences and the government turns the other cheek. |
BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN, Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. |
CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
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"They are also very important to the city of New York (and not just because the leaf is the Parks Department logo). The London Plane, usually considered Platanus x acerifolia but also known by other Latin epithets, is not really native, although it very closely resembles the native American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Actually, it is probably a cross between this American species and Platanus orientalis, a Eurasian relative. In any case, it has been widely planted as a city tree for decades, which turns out to be a good idea. In its assessment of the New York City urban forest, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station determined that the London plane is the most important city tree we have. They base this conclusion on several factors. For one thing, London planes have a very high leaf area per tree; that is, the London plane gives us a lot more pretty, shady, air-filtering, evaporatively-cooling leaves per single trunk than most other species in the city. In fact, according to the Forest Service, London planes make up just 4% of the city tree population, but represent 14% of the city's total leaf area. (Compare this with the virulently invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima], which constitutes 9% of the tree population but only about 4% of the total leaf area.) Also, because they tend to become very tall and have large canopies, London planes are our best trees for carbon storage and sequestration. They are holding on to about 185,000 tons of carbon (14% of the total urban tree carbon pool), and each year they sequester another 5,500 or so tons (about 13% of all the carbon sequestered by city trees each year). That makes them both gorgeous and highly beneficial: all in all, good trees to have around." |
Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. EXTRAS 57,58, Hemp (cannabis sativa) - 1% of Irelands landmass, growing hemp for fuel, would provide all the energy needs for the country each year, keeping the money with the farmers and keeping the rural economies active and this is also an environmentally friendly fuel. Hemp only has 100,000 commercial uses, so is not worth growing. 1 acre of hemp = 1,000 gallons of methanol and is cheaper to produce than petrol or diesel |
Botanical Name of each Plant within each Botanical Name Extras Page:- |
Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:- The above is my summary of the chapter on this plant in the above books. They are excellent books for the layman to understand about each of the wildflowers, that he could use in his own garden. I am sorry but I am not going to summarise all of the wildflower plants in those books, but I would at least recommend them to you. This was sent out to customers of Riverford Organic Farmers (also they publish Wicked Leeks Magazine), who sell us a weekly box of vegetables and recipes, fruit and other items produced on farms; dated Monday 18th October 2021:-
Its actually win, win, win, win, win, win. You can refer as many friends as you like - and if all goes well, there will be Devon-grown hazelnuts in your boxes by 2026, and walnuts by 2028." |
Botanical Name Extras Page 91:- Botanical Name Extras Page 92 Normally in the fourth column below, I insert which countries in Europe, the plant is native in; introduced into or except from. Seeing which Native UK Wildflowers are also native in your country within Europe, Soviet Union, USA, Canada or China (from AC to CE) you can then use them with the cultivated plants for your country in your own home garden - so help your local wildlife including Butterflies - and home with snippets from Flower Arrangements from Wild Flowers by Violet Stevenson. Published by J M Dent & Sons in 1972. ISBN 0 460 07844 5. View my chapter precis before executing the flower arranging of the plants. The Saxifraga Foundation is a network of European nature photographers, whose aim is to stimulate and facilitate the conservation of European biodiversity. They do so by providing high-quality nature pictures free of charge. The website free natureimages.eu is an initiative of the Saxifraga Foundation. The Saxifrage foundation is assisted by the Crossbill Guides Foundation, Dutch Butterfly Conservation (De Vlinderstichting) and Foto Fitis. Currently, Saxifraga is working on two projects. The first one is the construction of a gallery of pictures of European plants, animals and landscapes. To download these pictures, go to the Saxifraga Gallery. With the search engine you can search for images using the scientific name or the common name of plants and animals in Dutch and English. The second project is the creation of a collection of images of the Dutch landscape (NL in Beeld). This has been done by taking pictures in a grid in a systematic way. We have used the so called Amersfoort-coordinates, which are found on official Dutch topographic maps. The Amersfoort grid is a collection of square kilometers. To find more details visit the website of NL in Beeld. The pictures can be viewed at the Saxifraga Gallery. United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map - This map of USA is based on a range of average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 13 of 10-degree F zones, that this plant will thrive in USA, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There are other Hardiness Zone Maps for the rest of the world including the one for Great Britain and Ireland of zones 7a to 10a. If the plant you see here has the same zone in your area of that country, then you can grow it at your home. |
Cultural Needs of Plants "Understanding Fern Needs But unfortunately the human population in this world do not understand the above needs for plants as shown by:- Article on Welcome Page about trees falling down within pavements in Funchal, Madeira They set light to the rubbish collected inside the tree trunk, either by a discarded match used to light a cigarette or the stub of that cigarette. This then burns the rubbish inserted by the public and it also burns the rotting and non-rotting heartwood, whilst still allowing the public to wander past the burning or burnt tree. Stubs of cigarettes and discarded lit matches are also dropped on exposed tree roots:- Pavements of Funchal, Madeira The easiest, cheapest and quickest solution for existing pavement areas using pavers or paving slabs is the SuDSFLOW System using paving spacers to create permeable paving. See further details within the row for the London Planetree at the bottom of Botanical Name PH-PL 60 page. |
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It is worth remembering that especially with roses that the colour of the petals of the flower may change - The following photos are of Rosa 'Lincolnshire Poacher' which I took on the same day in R.V. Roger's Nursery Field:- |
Closed Bud |
Opening Bud |
Juvenile Flower |
Older Juvenile Flower |
Middle-aged Flower - Flower Colour in Season in its |
Mature Flower |
Juvenile Flower and Dying Flower |
Form of Rose Bush |
There are 720 roses in the Rose Galleries; many of which have the above series of pictures in their respective Rose Description Page. So one might avoid the disappointment that the 2 elephants had when their trunks were entwined instead of them each carrying their trunk using their own trunk, and your disappointment of buying a rose to discover that the colour you bought it for is only the case when it has its juvenile flowers; if you look at all the photos of the roses in the respective Rose Description Page!!!! |
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My current ambition at my retired age of 73 in 2022 (having started this website in 2005) is to complete the following:- Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery has an empty framework that I created on 20 February 2022. When all the remainder of the UK wildflowers have been checked:-
Then, the wildflower entries in the Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery will be filled in after each Wildflower has its cultivation details added to the Botanical Names and Common Names Galleries. Starting the above from 20 February 2022, I think it might take me a few years, but it does mean that as I progress then you will be able to associate more wildflowers with more of all the plant types of the cultivated plants who have similar growing requirements. Then, more of the natural world with its wildlife could also inhabit your garden. |
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Aims of the Wild Flower Society
Plants included in Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 |
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Identifying Edible and Poisonous Wild Plants |