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Ivydene Gardens Brown Wildflowers Note Gallery: |
What is PL@NTNET? |
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BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY FLOWER COLOUR Comparison Page, |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- Flowering plants of Chalk and Limestone Page 1 Flowering plants of Acid Soil |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Habitat Lists:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Number of Petals List:- |
BLUE WILD FLOWER GALLERY Lists of:- |
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BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY |
B & T World Seeds Paguignan, 34210 Aigues Vives, France can supply seeds world-wide from over 35,000 different plants. John Chambers Wildflower Seed supplies native British produced wildflower seed from its John Chambers Wildflowers Brochure and its Green-tech Specifier Wildflowers Seeds with delivery to England, Scotland and Wales. American Meadows Quick Guide to Wildflowers contains complete planting instructions, how much seed you need, and wildflower searches by color, height, moisture and light requirements with delivery of live plants, bulbs and seeds to USA only, but only its seeds to Canada. |
"SEASONS AND MONTHS SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER " from The Wildlife Garden Month-by-Month by Jackie Bennett. Published by David & Charles in 1993 (ISBN 0 7153 0033 4). |
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WILD FLOWER GALLERY
SEED COLOUR BED PICTURES HABITAT TABLES
See Explanation of Structure of this Website with User Guidelines to aid your use of this website. |
WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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WILD FLOWER FAMILY
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See Wildflower Common Name Index link Table ON A PAGE for more wildflower of the UK common names - from Adder's Tongue to the Goosefoot Family - together with their names in languages from America, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. |
Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914 contains information about UK Native Wildflowers with 1 per chapter. I have summarised some of these chapters and put those into this website, but most will simply have a reference to which book it is in for you to read it yourself. |
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Common Name Flower Photo |
Botanical Name Flowering Months Flowers Photo
Sections from edition 2 of the Plant Crib, with some updated sections from the planned edition 3, are kindly made available by Plant Crib co-editor Dr Tim Rich of Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland:- |
Height x Spread in inches (cms) WildFlower Family Page Foliage Photo |
Flower Colour Habitat Native in:- Form Photo |
Form from
Form for Wildflowers:- Mat-forming These Forms are used for Bulbs with Herbaceous and Evergreen Perennials.
Shape for Evergreen Shrubs:- These Forms and Shapes are also used for Deciduous and Evergreen Shrubs and Trees. |
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Vervain
Flower |
Verbena officinalis
Flowers |
Verbena Family
Foliage The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
A perennial herb, usually of open habitats or bare ground on freely-draining, often calcareous soils. It is most frequent in rough grassland and scrub, on roadsides, and on sheltered coastal cliffs and rock outcrops; less often in quarries and gravel-pits, and on streamsides, wood-borders and walls. Native in much of Europe (except in Iceland): introduced into Ireland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Form |
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Green Field Speedwell |
Veronica agrestis Pale blue, 4-8mm, flowers from March onwards. Lower fourth petal is white. |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
This spring-germinating annual is a colonist of cultivated land, waysides, gardens and allotments. It prefers soils which are well-drained and acidic, occurring on calcareous substrates only when there is surface leaching. |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in sunny borders. Propagation - By seeds sown in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or April.
Native throughout Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Alpine Speedwell
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Veronica alpina
Terminal spikes of of dull deep blue flowers |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
This small montane perennial herb typically occurs in areas of late snow-lie in open, often rocky, places on well-drained but slightly moist ground. It grows on both acidic and calcareous substrates, but most of its sites are subject to some base-enrichment from flushing. Native and widespread in Europe. |
Alpine Speedwell from Plate 64 of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Figwort Family:- |
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Water Speedwell |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica Erect dense spikes of pale blue flowers with tiny narrow pointed leaf-like bracts at their base.
Flowers |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage The above 3 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
An annual found on fertile substrates by rivers, streams and ponds, in ditches and in flooded clay- and gravel-pits. It grows as a vegetative plant submerged in shallow water, or as a flowering emergent, or as a terrestrial plant in marshy habitats and disturbed ground at the water`s edge. Reproduction is by seed and by rooted stem fragments.
Form |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, ordinary rich. Position - sunny borders or rock gardens; water garden for Veronica anagallis and Veronica beccabunga. Plant - Sep-Nov or Feb-May. Lift, divide and replant every third year. Water freely in dry weather. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring; seeds sown in light soil in shade outdoors in April.
Native throughout Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Wall Speedwell
Flower |
March onwards
Flowers These 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage |
An annual of cultivated land, open grassland, heaths, sand dunes, gravelled paths and tracks, waste ground, banks, walls and pavements, usually on dry soils. In closed grassland it may be restricted to anthills. Seed remains viable in the soil for several years.
Form Native throughout Europe. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Brooklime
It grows on the margins of brooks and ditches in Europe, North Africa, and north and western Asia.
Flower |
4 petal, dark blue flowers in May-Sep
Flowers These 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
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This robust perennial herb occurs on all but the most infertile substrates in a wide range of wetland habitats: in shallow water, by rivers, streams and ponds, in ditches, marshy hollows in pastures, flushes, wet woodland rides and rutted tracks. It thrives in fairly open habitats, competing poorly in dense stands of taller plants. Propagation is by seed and vegetatively from rooted stems.
Form Native in all Europe, except in Iceland. |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black, and photo in Wetland-plants.
Culture - Soil, ordinary rich. Position - water garden. Hardy herbaceous perennial plante in Sep-Nov or Feb-May. Lift, divide and replant every third year. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Pink Water Speedwell
Flower |
Veronica catenata
Flowers These 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage |
This usually annual species is found in shallow water and on the muddy edges of rivers, streams, ponds and lakes, in dune-slacks, and in clay-, gravel- and chalk-pits. Although often found with V. anagallis-aquatica, its habitats are more restricted, being more frequent on the muddy edges of standing waters.
Form Native in France, Belgium, Germany, Holland and Denmark. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Germander Speedwell Used within lifecycle of
Flower |
Flowers brilliant azure blue with a white eye, rarely pink or lilac, in erect spikes at the base of the well-toothed, pointed oval leaves, with short or no stalks in April-July. Fruits conspicuously hairy, broadly heart-shaped shorter than the pointed calyx-lobes.
Flowers These 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Figwort-Speedwells Family 4-12 x
Foliage
Culture - Soil, rich, sandy loam. Position - sunny borders. Plant, March or April. Top-dress with decayed manure in spring. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring; seeds sown in light soil in shade outdoors in April. |
A stoloniferous perennial herb of woods, hedge banks, grassland, rock outcrops, upland screes, road verges, railway banks and waste ground, found on most soil types except the most impoverished. It also occurs on anthills on chalk downland. It spreads vegetatively by prostrate stems which root at the nodes; reproduction from seed appears to be comparatively rare.
Form See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. |
The flower will not bear handling, and so lightly attached is the brilliant petal-ring that the least withering, the least jaring, shatters the attachment, and it slips away.
Native in all Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of
Combine the yellow flowers of the buttercups (see Ranunculus) with the white flowers of the Daisy (Bellis perennis) and the blue flowers of the Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) into small arrangements arranged at the back and edges of a design. |
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Slender Speedwell
Flower |
Flowers These 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage |
A perennial herb of lawns and churchyards, and also found on roadsides, paths, grassy banks and streamsides. It is self-incompatible, rarely setting seed in our area but often spreads from fragments after mowing.
Form Native of Asia Minor; becoming widely naturalized in Europe. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Rock Speedwell
Flower |
Veronica fruticans (Veronica saxatilis) Small loose terminal leafy pikes of rich dark Blue flowers with reddish centre in July-August
Flowers |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage
These photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
A small, rather woody perennial, restricted to calcareous substrates and occurring on dry open slopes and rock ledges on crags, in sites which are usually South-facing and inaccessible to grazing animals.
Form |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black.
Culture - Soil, ordinary rich. Position - sunny borders or rock garden. Hardy herbaceous perennial planted in Sep-Nov or Feb-May. Lift, divide and replant every third year. Water freely in dry weather. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring.
Native in Northern Europe and mountains of Southern Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Ivy-leaved Speedwell
Flower |
A prostrate hairy annual, with small, pale lilac flowers in March-August
Flower with stem The above 4 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Figwort-Speedwell Family
Foliage See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in sunny borders. Propagation - By seeds sown in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or April. |
An annual of cultivated and waste ground, woodland rides, hedge banks, walls, banks and gardens, found on sandy, loam or clay soils. V. hederifolia seeds freely, with germination in spring or autumn.
Form From Plate 63 of |
Native throughout Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Mountain Speedwell
Flower
Flower
Thymes |
Veronica tenella
Flowers
The above 6 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage |
A low perennial herb with creeping and rooting stems. It is widespread in both natural and artificial habitats, including woodland rides, grassland, heaths, flushes, damp rock ledges, cultivated land, lawns, waste ground and damp paths.
Form
Form |
Native in Northern Europe and North-West Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Wood Speedwell |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
A perennial herb of damp basic to mildly acidic soils in long-established, mixed deciduous woodland, scrub and shaded hedge banks. It is found on loamy and sandy soils and on heavy clay. Native and widespread in Europe, except in the north. |
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Heath Speedwell
Flower from Burham in Kent
Flower from Burham in Kent |
Flower
Flowers The above 8 small photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Flower
Foliage from Knole Park in Kent |
This perennial herb is found in open woods and woodland rides, on banks, in grassland and on heathland. It grows on well-drained, often moderately acidic or leached soils, and in some grasslands is confined to raised ground or anthills.
Flower from County Clare
Form |
Native in all Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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American Speedwell |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
An annual occurring as a naturalised or casual weed of parks, gardens, garden centres, allotments and other cultivated ground, and in damp waste places and by streams. Native of North America: introduced into Great Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, Germany, Holland and Denmark. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Common Field Speedwell
Flower |
Veronica persica
Sky-blue with darker veins, the lowest petal usually white, 8-12mm, solitary on long stalks at base of upper leaves; all year. A weed of cultivation.
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Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage
These photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
An annual of arable fields, other cultivated areas and waste ground, found on a wide range of fertile soils. It is self-fertile and seeds prolifically, the seeds forming a persistent seed bank and germinating throughout the year. It also spreads vegetatively from stem fragments.
Form |
See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in sunny borders. Propagation - By seeds sown in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or April.
Native of western Asia; now widely naturalized throughout Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Grey Speedwell |
Veronica polita Uniform dark blue from March onwards. Fruits as broad as long. |
Figwort-Speedwells Family See illustration on Page 157 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in sunny borders. Propagation - By seeds sown in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or April. |
An annual of cultivated fields and gardens, typically growing on light, sandy, often calcareous soils.
From Plate 63 of Native throughout Europe. |
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Breck Speedwell (Breckland Speedwell) - |
Dark Blue flowers with 4 petals in March-June |
Figwort - Speedwells Family |
Very rare in arable fields in the Breckland. An annual found naturalised on free-draining sandy soils, usually where there is regular disturbance. Habitats include the edges of arable fields, on tracks, sandy banks, and open rough grassland. On sandy fields in East Anglia. |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black, and photo in Uk Wildflowers. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - sunny borders or rock gardens. Water frequently in dry weather. Propagation - Seeds sown in light soil in shade outdoors in April. Native in Northern Europe: introduced into Great Britain. |
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Rock Speedwell
Flower |
Veronica fruticans (Veronica saxatilis) Small loose terminal leafy pikes of rich dark Blue flowers with reddish centre in July-August
Flowers |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage
These photos were taken by Ron or Christine Foord last century |
A small, rather woody perennial, restricted to calcareous substrates and occurring on dry open slopes and rock ledges on crags, in sites which are usually South-facing and inaccessible to grazing animals.
Form |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black.
Culture - Soil, ordinary rich. Position - sunny borders or rock garden. Hardy herbaceous perennial planted in Sep-Nov or Feb-May. Lift, divide and replant every third year. Water freely in dry weather. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring.
Native in North Europe and mountains of Southern Europe.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Marsh Speedwell
Flower |
Few whitish fowers on long stalks in alternate open spikes up the stem in June-August
Flowers Above 4 small photos were taken by Christine or Ron Foord.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
Figwort - Speedwells Family
Foliage Culture - Soil, ordinary rich. Position - water garden. Hardy herbaceous perennial plante in Sep-Nov or Feb-May. Lift, divide and replant every third year. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring. |
This perennial herb is found in a wide range of wetland habitats, including pond and lake margins, marshes, fens and fen-meadows, wet grassland, hillside flushes, bogs and wet heath, often on acidic soils. It occurs in both open habitats and amongst tall vegetation.
Form From Plate 64 of Native in all Europe. |
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Spiked Speedwell |
Veronica spicata Flowers small, intense blue, with prominent stamens, short-stalked, in long dense terminal spikes from July onwards Numerous stems arise, with dense spikes of flowers. Use in sunny frontal positions. Combine with |
12-24 x 18 Figwort - Speedwells Family Culture - Soil, ordinary rich. Position - water garden. Hardy herbaceous perennial planted in Sep-Nov or Feb-May. Lift, divide and replant every third year. Propagation - By division of roots in autumn or spring. |
A perennial herb of well-drained, nutrient-poor soils. In East Anglia, subsp. spicata usually grows on acidic to base-rich sandy soils in open, shortly-grazed grassland. Elsewhere, subsp. hybrida grows in thin soils on base-rich cliffs, grassland and rocks.
Native in most of Europe, except in Portugal, Ireland, Belgium and Iceland. |
From Plate 64 of
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Fingered Speedwell |
Small dark blue flowers with petal-like corolla-lobes shorter than the calyx, on slender stalks longer than the leaves and the calyx in April-June |
Figwort - Speedwells Family Propagation - Seeds sown in light soil in shade outdoors in April. |
Recently, this annual of sandy calcareous or slightly acidic soils has been found on the margins of arable fields and on sandy banks, but it was formerly also known from tracks, fallow fields, gravel-pits and waste ground. Regular disturbance is needed to maintain sufficient open ground for germination.
Native in much of Europe, except in Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Albania and Turkey.
Flower picture on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. |
From Plate 63 of The Concise British Flora in Colour by W. Keble Martin. Published by George Rainbird in 1965.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Spring Speedwell |
Small short-stalked blue flowers in Apr-May |
1 x Figwort - Speedwells Family |
An annual of infertile sandy soils, occurring in short grassland and uncultivated, sometimes stony, places including rabbit warrens. V. verna does not occur on cultivated land, but depends on intensive grazing by sheep or rabbits to keep its habitat open. |
See illustration on Page 156 in Wild Flowers by Colour by Marjorie Blamey. Published in 2005 by A&C Black. Culture - Soil, light, rich. Position - rock gardens or in sunny borders. Propagation - By seeds sown in sandy soil in a cold frame in March or April.
Native and widespread in Europe, except in the extreme west.
Gallery of Photos/Illustrations, Common Name and Synonym of |
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Germander Speedwell Veronica chamaedrys from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:-
UKButterflies Larval Foodplants website page lists the larval foodplants used by British butterflies. The name of each foodplant links to a Google search. An indication of whether the foodplant is a primary or secondary food source is also given. Please note that the Butterfly you see for only a short time has grown up on plants as an egg, caterpillar and chrysalis for up to 11 months, before becoming a butterfly. If the plants that they live on during that time are removed, or sprayed with herbicide, then you will not see the butterfly. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies follow the Plants used by the Egg, Caterpillar and Chrysalis as stated in and The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland New Revised Edition by Jeremy Thomas & Richard Lewington. |
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Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
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Cabbages - ELarge White eats all cruciferous plants, such as cabbages, mustard, turnips, radishes, cresses, nasturtiums, wild mignonette and dyer's weed |
Egg,
|
40-100 eggs on both surfaces of leaf. |
May-June and August-Early September. 4.5-17 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
July or August; hatches in 3 days. |
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Cabbages:- |
Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Cherry with |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
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|
(Common CowWheat, Field CowWheat) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
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Currants |
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on oak or pine tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 15 days in May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dog Violet with |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
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False Brome is a grass (Wood Brome, Wood False-brome and Slender False-brome) |
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
... |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf or stem. |
Hatches after 10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg laid in the tight buds and flowers. |
May-June 7 days. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
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Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
1 then |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg at base of plant. |
Late August-April. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
10 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nasturtium from Gardens |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf. |
May-June and August. 7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk |
15 days in July. |
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Mountain pansy, |
Egg, Chrysalis |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. 3 weeks in September |
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Egg, |
1 egg on tree trunk. |
15 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid under the leaf or on top of the flower. |
7 days in August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 16 days in June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
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Egg, |
1 egg on underside of a flower bud on its stalk. |
7 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg under leaf. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
6 days in May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Groups of eggs on upper side of leaf. |
- |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg laid on underside of leaflets or bracts. |
7 days in June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on underside of leaf or on stalk. |
July-August for 17 days. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Violets:- |
Egg, |
1 egg on stem or stalk near plant base. |
July to hatch in 8 months in March. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. |
2 weeks. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
1 egg on leaf. 5 or 6 eggs may be deposited by separate females on one leaf. |
14 days in July-August. |
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Willow |
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches encircling the branch of the food plant. |
Hatches after 18-22 days in April. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Egg, |
Eggs laid in batches on the under side of the leaves. |
Hatches after 20 days in July. |
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Plants used by the Butterflies |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plant Name |
Butterfly Name |
Egg/ Caterpillar/ Chrysalis/ Butterfly |
Plant Usage |
Plant Usage Months |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asters |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Runner and Broad Beans in fields and gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aubretia in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Holly Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buddleias |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wood White |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cabbage and cabbages in fields |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adonis Blue |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pale Clouded Yellow |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cow-wheat |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Germander Speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys - Birdseye Speedwell) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
30 days in May-June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
May-June for 18 days. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Painted Lady |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marigolds in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June or August till killed by frost and damp in September-November |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michaelmas Daisies |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narrow-leaved Plantain (Ribwort Plantain) |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nasturtiums in gardens |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
April-June or July-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats sap exuding from trunk. |
April-Mid June and Mid July-Early September for second generation. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
May-June. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-October. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
July-May |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
7 weeks in July-August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comma |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
July-October. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
3 weeks between May and September |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trefoils 1, 2, 3 |
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
1 Month during Mid-May to Mid-June or during August-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar. |
20 days in August. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Butterfly |
Eats nectar |
June-July |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Apple/Pear/Cherry/Plum Fruit Tree Blossom in Spring |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
April-May |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rotten Fruit |
Butterfly |
Drinks juice |
July-September |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tree sap and damaged ripe fruit, which are high in sugar |
Butterfly |
Hibernates inside hollow trees or outhouses until March. Eats sap or fruit juice until April. |
10 months in June-April |
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Wild Flowers |
Large Skipper |
Butterfly |
Eats Nectar |
June-August |
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Links to the other Butterflies:- Black Hairstreak uses Blackthorn, Privet, Guelder Rose, and Wayfaring tree I have detailed the use of plants by these eggs, caterpillars, chrysalis and butterfly in full with either photos of those butterflies, etc or illustrations from Sandars. It shows that they do use plants all year round and I will insert the information of their Life Histories into the remainder of the Butterfly Description Pages but I will put no further information in this table or the Butterfly Name with its use of plants table. Please see what a council did to destroy the native habitat, so that children could ride bicyles anywhere in the park in the row below. Details of what plant is used by each of the different 'egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly' unit and for how long is given in the table on the left. At least 2 of these butterflies live in America as well as in the UK in 2022:- |
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The following is an excerpt from my Comments about the proposed destruction of the wildlife habitats at Cobtree Manor Park in the summer of 2010 from my Mission Statement page:- "We would be sorry to lose the butterflies on the bluebells, bramble and ivy that would be restricted to only the very small area of proposed Wildlife Meadow by the Woods at the bottom of a hill with water springs on it. The wildlife is now being excluded from all the other areas by the "pruning", so that the nettles, brambles etc which had for instance the butterfly life cycle included; are now being ruthlessly removed to create a garden, not a park, with neat little areas." When you look at the life history graphs of each of the 68 butterflies of Britain, you will see that they use plants throughout all 12 months - the information of what plant is used by the egg, caterpillar, chrysalis or butterfly is also given in the table on the left. With this proposed removal of all plants required for butterflies etc to live in and pro-create; at least once a year by the autumn or spring clearing up, you destroy the wildlife in this park as is done in every managed park in the world. Please leave something for the wildlife to live in without disturbance; rather than destroy everything so children can ride their bicycles anywhere they want when the park is open during the day and they are not at school. |
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The following information (5 December 2021) comes from Wikipedia about Southern Water Services Ltd, which had a revenue of £0.829 billion in 2017-18. Area served by Southern Water is Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Sussex and Kent. "Legal issues[edit] 2009-2011[edit] 2014-2016[edit] 2019[edit] Following the investigation, Southern Water agreed to pay customers approximately £123 million by 2024, partly a payment of price review underperformance penalties the company avoided paying in the period 2010 to 2017 and some of which is a payment to customers for the failures found in Ofwat's investigation. In response to Ofwat's findings, Southern Water announced that following its own internal review, which highlighted multiple failures between 2010 and 2017, it was 'profoundly sorry' and 'working very hard to understand past failings and implement the changes required' to ensure it meets the standards its customers deserve.[19] 2021[edit] How can a government allow a business to carry on when it is damaging the health of its population? and when it does not bother to correct the problem but its directors keep on committing the offences? Is that because the fines do not matter to the company who continue to commit offences and the government turns the other cheek. |
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BROWN WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
Botanical Name with Common Name, Wild Flower Family, Flower Colour and Form Index of each of all the Wildflowers of the UK in 1965:- AC, AG,AL,AL,AN, Extra Botanical Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Botanical Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. |
CREAM WILD FLOWER GALLERY PAGE MENUS |
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"They are also very important to the city of New York (and not just because the leaf is the Parks Department logo). The London Plane, usually considered Platanus x acerifolia but also known by other Latin epithets, is not really native, although it very closely resembles the native American sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Actually, it is probably a cross between this American species and Platanus orientalis, a Eurasian relative. In any case, it has been widely planted as a city tree for decades, which turns out to be a good idea. In its assessment of the New York City urban forest, the US Forest Service Northern Research Station determined that the London plane is the most important city tree we have. They base this conclusion on several factors. For one thing, London planes have a very high leaf area per tree; that is, the London plane gives us a lot more pretty, shady, air-filtering, evaporatively-cooling leaves per single trunk than most other species in the city. In fact, according to the Forest Service, London planes make up just 4% of the city tree population, but represent 14% of the city's total leaf area. (Compare this with the virulently invasive tree of heaven [Ailanthus altissima], which constitutes 9% of the tree population but only about 4% of the total leaf area.) Also, because they tend to become very tall and have large canopies, London planes are our best trees for carbon storage and sequestration. They are holding on to about 185,000 tons of carbon (14% of the total urban tree carbon pool), and each year they sequester another 5,500 or so tons (about 13% of all the carbon sequestered by city trees each year). That makes them both gorgeous and highly beneficial: all in all, good trees to have around." |
Extra Common Names have been added within a row for a different plant. Each Extra Common Name Plant will link to an Extras Page where it will be detailed in its own row. EXTRAS 57,58, Hemp (cannabis sativa) - 1% of Irelands landmass, growing hemp for fuel, would provide all the energy needs for the country each year, keeping the money with the farmers and keeping the rural economies active and this is also an environmentally friendly fuel. Hemp only has 100,000 commercial uses, so is not worth growing. 1 acre of hemp = 1,000 gallons of methanol and is cheaper to produce than petrol or diesel |
Botanical Name of each Plant within each Botanical Name Extras Page:- |
Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis from Wild Flowers as They Grow- Photographed by H. Essenhigh Corke, text by G. Clark Nuttall. Published by Cassell and Company, Ltd in 7 separate books between 1911 and 1914:- The above is my summary of the chapter on this plant in the above books. They are excellent books for the layman to understand about each of the wildflowers, that he could use in his own garden. I am sorry but I am not going to summarise all of the wildflower plants in those books, but I would at least recommend them to you. This was sent out to customers of Riverford Organic Farmers (also they publish Wicked Leeks Magazine), who sell us a weekly box of vegetables and recipes, fruit and other items produced on farms; dated Monday 18th October 2021:-
Its actually win, win, win, win, win, win. You can refer as many friends as you like - and if all goes well, there will be Devon-grown hazelnuts in your boxes by 2026, and walnuts by 2028." |
Botanical Name Extras Page 91:- Botanical Name Extras Page 92 Normally in the fourth column below, I insert which countries in Europe, the plant is native in; introduced into or except from. Seeing which Native UK Wildflowers are also native in your country within Europe, Soviet Union, USA, Canada or China (from AC to CE) you can then use them with the cultivated plants for your country in your own home garden - so help your local wildlife including Butterflies - and home with snippets from Flower Arrangements from Wild Flowers by Violet Stevenson. Published by J M Dent & Sons in 1972. ISBN 0 460 07844 5. View my chapter precis before executing the flower arranging of the plants. The Saxifraga Foundation is a network of European nature photographers, whose aim is to stimulate and facilitate the conservation of European biodiversity. They do so by providing high-quality nature pictures free of charge. The website free natureimages.eu is an initiative of the Saxifraga Foundation. The Saxifrage foundation is assisted by the Crossbill Guides Foundation, Dutch Butterfly Conservation (De Vlinderstichting) and Foto Fitis. Currently, Saxifraga is working on two projects. The first one is the construction of a gallery of pictures of European plants, animals and landscapes. To download these pictures, go to the Saxifraga Gallery. With the search engine you can search for images using the scientific name or the common name of plants and animals in Dutch and English. The second project is the creation of a collection of images of the Dutch landscape (NL in Beeld). This has been done by taking pictures in a grid in a systematic way. We have used the so called Amersfoort-coordinates, which are found on official Dutch topographic maps. The Amersfoort grid is a collection of square kilometers. To find more details visit the website of NL in Beeld. The pictures can be viewed at the Saxifraga Gallery. United States Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map - This map of USA is based on a range of average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 13 of 10-degree F zones, that this plant will thrive in USA, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. There are other Hardiness Zone Maps for the rest of the world including the one for Great Britain and Ireland of zones 7a to 10a. If the plant you see here has the same zone in your area of that country, then you can grow it at your home. |
Cultural Needs of Plants "Understanding Fern Needs But unfortunately the human population in this world do not understand the above needs for plants as shown by:- Article on Welcome Page about trees falling down within pavements in Funchal, Madeira They set light to the rubbish collected inside the tree trunk, either by a discarded match used to light a cigarette or the stub of that cigarette. This then burns the rubbish inserted by the public and it also burns the rotting and non-rotting heartwood, whilst still allowing the public to wander past the burning or burnt tree. Stubs of cigarettes and discarded lit matches are also dropped on exposed tree roots:- Pavements of Funchal, Madeira The easiest, cheapest and quickest solution for existing pavement areas using pavers or paving slabs is the SuDSFLOW System using paving spacers to create permeable paving. See further details within the row for the London Planetree at the bottom of Botanical Name PH-PL 60 page. |
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It is worth remembering that especially with roses that the colour of the petals of the flower may change - The following photos are of Rosa 'Lincolnshire Poacher' which I took on the same day in R.V. Roger's Nursery Field:- |
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Closed Bud |
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Opening Bud |
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Juvenile Flower |
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Older Juvenile Flower |
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Middle-aged Flower - Flower Colour in Season in its |
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Mature Flower |
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Juvenile Flower and Dying Flower |
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Form of Rose Bush |
There are 720 roses in the Rose Galleries; many of which have the above series of pictures in their respective Rose Description Page. So one might avoid the disappointment that the 2 elephants had when their trunks were entwined instead of them each carrying their trunk using their own trunk, and your disappointment of buying a rose to discover that the colour you bought it for is only the case when it has its juvenile flowers; if you look at all the photos of the roses in the respective Rose Description Page!!!! |
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My current ambition at my retired age of 73 in 2022 (having started this website in 2005) is to complete the following:- Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery has an empty framework that I created on 20 February 2022. When all the remainder of the UK wildflowers have been checked:-
Then, the wildflower entries in the Wildflower Flower Shape and Landscape Uses Gallery will be filled in after each Wildflower has its cultivation details added to the Botanical Names and Common Names Galleries. Starting the above from 20 February 2022, I think it might take me a few years, but it does mean that as I progress then you will be able to associate more wildflowers with more of all the plant types of the cultivated plants who have similar growing requirements. Then, more of the natural world with its wildlife could also inhabit your garden. |
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Aims of the Wild Flower Society
Plants included in Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 |
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Identifying Edible and Poisonous Wild Plants |
Hairy Pea (Hairy Vetchling) |
Lathyrus hirsutus |
A scrambling annual, found on grassy banks and waste ground as a garden escape or bird-seed or grain contaminant. Populations can persist, as in a few areas around London, but are usually casual. Lowland. |
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Hairy Tare |
Vicia hirsuta |
May onwards |
A scrambling annual of rough and disturbed ground, including road and railway banks, scrubby grassland, hedgerows, sheltered sea-cliffs and consolidated shingle beaches; also along the edges of arable fields, and on rubbish tips and waste ground. 0-335 m (Dartmoor, S. Devon). |
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Flower |
Flowers from Borough Green on 27 July |
Foliage |
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Flowers |
Foliage |
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Lesser Tufted Vetch |
Vicia villosa |
June-August |
A scrambling annual, usually derived from grain, bird-seed or wool shoddy imports, and occurring as a casual on waste ground, tips and in arable fields. It sometimes survives for a few years on grassy banks. Lowland. |
Marsh Pea |
Lathyrus palustris |
A perennial herb of base-rich fens, reed-beds and fen-meadows; also, rarely, on marshy ground by rivers. Lowland. |
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Meadow Pea (Yellow Meadow Vetchling, Meadow Vetcling) |
Lathyrus pratensis |
June onwards |
A rhizomatous perennial herb of moderately fertile soils on roadside and railway banks, hedges, unimproved pastures, hay meadows and other grassy habitats. Seed production is not abundant, and vegetative propagation from the rhizome is an important mechanism of reproduction, particularly in disturbed sites. Generally lowland, reaching 450 m in Co. Durham, and with an exceptional record at 845 m on Great Dun Fell (Westmorland). |
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Flower in September |
Flower Bud |
Seed Pod |
Form |
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Flower in September |
Flowers from North Yorkshire in June |
Foliage |
Form |
Narrow-leaved Vetch (Same as Common Vetch above) |
Vicia angustifolia (Vicia sativa) |
An annual of grassy and wayside places, particularly on dry and sandy sites. It was also grown as a fodder crop, and has widely escaped and become naturalised in many ruderal habitats. Lowland. |
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Flower from East Kent in June |
Foliage |
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Flower |
Foliage |
Form |
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Sea Pea |
Lathyrus japonicus |
A long-lived perennial herb, forming large and conspicuous patches on shingle beaches, or rarely, in smaller quantities on blown sand. Lowland. |
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Flower from Southwold in June |
Flowers from Southwold |
Foliage at Deal |
Foliage at Deal |
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Flower from Southwold |
Flower from Southwold |
Seed Pods at Deal |
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Form from East Kent on 11 July |
Seed Pods at Deal in Kent |
Seed Pods at Deal |
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Slender Tare |
Vicia tenuissima |
May onwards |
A scrambling annual of sticky calcareous clay soils which are frequently wet in winter but baked dry in summer. V. parviflora occurs in hedgerows, on tracks and verges, grassy banks, coastal cliffs and the edges of arable fields; also, less frequently, on urban waste ground, in municipal flower beds and as a casual of legume crops. Lowland. |
Smooth Tare |
Vicia tetrasperma |
May onwards |
A scrambling annual of hedgerows, scrub and wood-borders, and of rough grassland on roadsides, railway banks and coastal cliffs; also found in disturbed places, including urban waste ground and arable field margins. Lowland. |
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Flower from Shorne |
Foliage from Shorne |
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Form from Shorne |
Foliage from Shorne |
Seed Pods from Shorne |
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Spring Vetch |
Vicia lathyroides |
An annual of sand dunes and short, summer-parched grasslands on sandy soils by the coast; also on disturbed ground, old walls, and in dry heathland on sands and gravels inland. Lowland. |
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Flower from Littlestone on 29 April |
Flower from Littlestone on 29 April |
Foliage from Littlestone on 29 April |
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Form from Littlestone on 29 April |
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Tufted Vetch |
Vicia cracca |
A scrambling perennial herb of hedgerows, waysides, wood-borders, scrubby grassland and river and canal banks. It also occurs in permanent pastures and hay meadows, and in marshes and tall-herb fens, but avoids permanently wet sites. Generally lowland, but reaching 550 m at Moor House, Teesdale (Westmorland). |
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Flower |
Form in Isle of Grain in Kent |
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Flower in July |
Flowers |
Foliage in July |
Form |
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Flower near Cuxton in Kent in Jule |
Flower near Cuxton in July |
Foliage in Isle of Kent |
Foliage |
Upright Vetch |
Vicia orobus |
May-June |
A perennial herb of grassy, often slightly base-enriched habitats on banks and the edges of fields, particularly amongst stones, boulders or bushes. Usually between 200 and 300 m, but down to sea level in Sutherland, and reaching 455 m on the Wast Water screes (Cumberland). |
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Flower from Achhelvich in Sutherland on 20 June |
Flowers on 15 June |
Foliage from Achhelvich on 20 June |
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Flower from Achhelvich on 20 June |
Flowers from Achhelvich on 20 June |
Form from Achhelvich on 20 June |
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Foliage of 15 June |
Form on 15 June |
Foliage of 15 June |
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Flowers from Achhelvich on 20 June |
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Wood Vetch |
Vicia sylvatica |
June-August |
A climbing or scrambling perennial of hedges, wood-borders and clearings, scrub, rough ungrazed grassland on cliffs, wooded gorges and also on shingle, screes and railway bank. A genetically dwarf variant (var. condensata) occurs on shingle and coastal cliffs in N. & W. Britain and Ireland. 0-675 m (Breadalbanes, Mid Perth). |
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Flowers from Betty Hill on 25 June |
Form from Betty Hill on 25 June |
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Flower from Betty Hill in Sutherland on 25 June |
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Yellow Vetch |
Vicia lutea |
June-September |
An annual found as a native in a variety of coastal habitats, including scrubby grassland and cliffs, and on open yet consolidated shingle. In S. Scotland it is confined to sheltered sea-cliffs. Inland it is found as a casual, or sometimes in persistent populations, on roadsides, quarries and railway banks. Lowland. |
Yellow Vetchling |
Lathyrus aphaca |
The only persistent populations of this annual are in open grassy habitats on chalk, limestone and calcareous clay soils, especially near the coast. The species is possibly native in such habitats, but it also occurs as a casual in waste places, and as an arable weed where it may have been introduced as a contaminant of legume crops. Lowland. |
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Flower |
Flowers |
Foliage |
Foliage |
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Flower |
Flower |
Flower at Borstal |
Foliage |
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